A Beka: Physics Test 07
A gas, at a constant temperature, has its pressure increased to 3.0 atm. Calculate the final volume of the gas, if it initially occupied 4.0 L at 0.50 atm.
0.67L
Give one formulation of the second law of thermodynamics.
1. In an isolated system the direction of a spontaneous change is always toward greater entropy 2. There is a pervasive trend in nature towed disorder & decay 3. Natural processes go in the direction of increasing the total entropy of the universe
An aluminum meter stick is 1.0 m long at exactly 0°C. What is its length at 30.0°C? (α for aluminum ≈ 2.3 × 10⁻⁵/°C) Ignore significant digits.
1.00069m
Find the amount of work done by a balloon if it absorbs 3.20 cal of heat but gains only 0.700 cal of internal energy. State the work in units of joules.
10.5J
One calorie is approximately ? joules.
4.184
Find the heat necessary to change 2.00 × 10³g of water at 90.0°C to steam at 110.0°C. The heat of vaporization for water is 2260J/g, and the specific heat of steam is 2.08J/g · °C.
4.65×10⁶J I calculated 4.60×10⁶J with the incomplete information provided. You must have the specific heat of liquid water already memorized to solve this correctly. https://imgur.com/a/sPpBAZK
The unit of heat in the U.S. customary system is called the ? .
BTU (British thermal unit)
Zero Celsius is the lowest theoretically attainable temperature.
Kelvin
Which of the following represents the ideal gas law?
PV=nRT
When is any system of bodies at thermal equilibrium?
When heat has flowed from a hotter object to a colder object until the two objects have reached the same temperature.
A process in which no heat enters or leaves a system while the system's internal energy changes is called a(n) ? process.
adiabatic
The heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water from 14.5°C to 15.5°C is one ? .
calorie
The science of thermometry uses a calorimeter to measure the equilibrium temperature of a mixture.
calorimetry
Which process occurs when a substance goes from the gaseous to the liquid state?
condensation
Which method of heat transfer occurs due to direct contact?
conduction
The transfer of heat by moving material is called radiation.
convection
When a substance melts, it undergoes an exothermic process.
endothermic
The concept of ? results from the second law of thermodynamics.
entropy
The transfer of thermal energy caused by a difference between the initial internal energies of two bodies is called ? .
heat
Thermal energy flows spontaneously from hot to cold objects.
heat
The heat required to raise the temperature of a body by one degree is called ? .
heat capacity
What is defined as the amount of heat transferred from one end of a solid to the other per unit of time?
heat flow
The amount of heat that must be supplied to melt a unit mass of a substance at its melting point is called the substance's ? .
heat of fusion
A(n) ? process has occurred when both the initial and final equilibrium states of the system are known, but the path the system took is not known.
irreversible
A system sealed off from any energy exchange with its surroundings is called a(n) ? system.
isolated
A(n) ? process absorbs or releases heat without changing the temperature of the system.
isothermal
In an isolated system, the direction of spontaneous change is always toward less entropy.
more
Which method of heat transfer does not require a medium?
radiation
At the boiling or melting point of a substance, a substance can absorb or give off heat respectively without changing its ? .
temperature
If 17,000 J of heat is added to a system initially at 283 K, what is the change in entropy?
the CORRECT answer is 60.1J/K but it got marked wrong because they want 60.J/K [sic] yes, they really just want the decimal there by itself for no reason.
The study of the relationship between heat and work is called ? .
thermodynamics
The process of measuring temperature is called ? .
thermometry
Caloric was an imaginary liquid used to explain how heat transferred from one body to another.
true
One kilocalorie equals one thousand calorie(s).
true
The ability of a material to conduct heat is called the material's thermal conductivity.
true
The amount of work equal to a unit of heat is called the mechanical equivalent of heat.
true
The heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass by one degree is called specific heat.
true
The internal energy of a system may be defined as the total molecular energy content of a physical system.
true
The point at which a substance can exist in all three states of matter at the same time is the substance's triple point.
true
For a given solid, the coefficient of area expansion is ? the coefficient of linear expansion.
two times
Which of the following would be the best thermal insulator?
vacuum
A transfer of energy caused by a force operating over a distance is called ? .
work
The ? law of thermodynamics is our basis for measuring temperature.
zeroth
Which of the following is the first law of thermodynamics?
ΔE_int=Q−W
Which of the following determines the change in entropy of a system?
ΔS=Q/T
