A Pocket Guide to Public Speaking 5th edition Part 6: Presentation Aid, A Pocket Guide to Public Speaking 5th edition Part 8: Online, Group, and Business Contexts, A Pocket Guide to Public Speaking 5th edition Part 9: Speaking in Other College Course...

Types of Reports

- Progress report. - Audit report. - Market research report. - Quality testing report. - Staff report. - Committee report.

Types of proposals

- Sales proposals. - Business plan proposals. - Request for funding proposals. - Research proposals. - Quality improvement proposals. - Policy proposals.

We listen Actively

-Active listening is purposeful and focused. -No defensive listening or scriptwriting. -Be aware of overconfident or lazy listening. -Refrain from multitasking. -Overcome assumptions and cultural barriers. -Minimize internal and external distractions. -Avoid selective perception, which is the action of paying attention to certain messages and ignoring others. To avoid this discover audience attitudes, clues, beliefs, background, experiences, and use analogies.

Practice Active Listening

-Set listening Goals such as: 1. Identify listening needs. 2. Identify why listening will help you. 3. Make an action statement that will help you be more attentive. 4. Assess goal achievement (did you or did you not accomplish attention goal? Why or why not? -Seek out main ideas, transitions, and conclusions such as: 1. Take notes of main and supporting points (don't forget to indent supporting points. 2. Be aware of clues such as: body language, eye contact, facial expressions, and gestures. -Evaluate evidence of speaker. -Analyze and assess speaker's assumptions, biases, reasoning, consider multiple perspectives (A.K.A. Identify contradictions, and summarize and assess relevant facts and evidence. -Offer constructive and compassionate feedback by: 1. Adjusting to speaker's style. 2.Be honest and fair. 3.Be compassionate in offering criticism. 4.Be selective in criticism.

Why are presentation aids helpful

-They help listeners understand and remember key points. -Show relationships to concepts. -Help evaluate complex ideas more quickly. -Use presentation aids to supplement your speech.

How to make Audience listen

-touch upon their experiences, use analogies for comprehension, use presentation aids to reinforce message, and uncover listeners' interests

2 types of computer generated aids

1. *LCD panels*: liquid crystal display. 2. Newer are *DLP projectors*: digital light processing.

Working in groups

1. Analyze the audience and set goals. 2. Establish information needs such as statistics, examples, articles, and data. 3. Assign roles and tasks such as team leader and other roles and set time limits for each member. 4. Establish transitions between speakers [Stacy to Naomi]. 5. Consider each presenter's strengths and use to allow presentation to flow smoothly. 6. Coordinate the presentation aids with who does what part of the aid and make sure the person isn't blocking the aid. 7. Rehearse presentation several times.

Prepare Online presentations [Chapter 26]

1. Applying your knowledge of face-to-face speaking. 2. Plan for the unique demands of online delivery. 3. Plan for the delivery mode. 4. Choose an online presentation format.

Business and Professional Presentations [Chapter 29]

1. Become familiar with reports and proposals because the majority of business and professional presentations are in these forms. 2. Use the case study to demonstrate critical thinking.

2 ways to develop a plan

1. Begin planning slides in speaking outline. 2. Decide what content of slides should be, how many slides needed, and how to arrange slides.

3 ways to avoid copyright

1. Cite source of all copyrighted material. 2. Beware of site who offer "royalty free" media. 3. When able, create and use own material.

How to Prepare Effective Presentations in the Social Sciences

1. Clearly explain the research question. 2. Refer to current research. 3. Support arguments with evidence. 4. Use theory to build explanations. 5. Use timely data.

2 ways to consider subjective interpretations of colors

1. Colors evoke distant associations for people to avoid unintended meaning and mood. 2. Consider meanings associated with certain colors may differ across culture.

4 ways to present the aid

1. Computer generated displays. 2. Overhead transparencies. 3. Flip charts. 4. Posters.

How to use Presentation Software

1. Develop a plan. 2. Avoid technical glitches such as incompatibility, internet connection, and making audience wait because of difficulties. 3. Give a speech, not a slide show. 4. Find media for presentation. 5. Avoid copyright infringement by abiding to copyright restrictions. 6. Avoid chartjunk.

2 methods to optimize decision making in groups

1. Devil's advocacy: Arguing for the sake of raising issues or concerns about the idea under discussion [on purpose to fix problems that otherwise would have gone unnoticed]. 2. Dialectical Inquiry: Devil's advocacy that goes a step further by proposing a counter solution to an idea [on purpose to fix problems that otherwise would have gone unnoticed and then offer a solution to the problem]. Both approaches help expose underlying assumptions that prevent participants to make the best decision.

Type of Leadership Styles

1. Directive: Leader controls group communication by conveying specific instructions to members [directs]. 2. Supportive: Leader attends to group members' emotional needs, stressing positive relationships [supports]. 3. Achievement-oriented: Leader sets challenging goals and high standards [overachiever]. 4. Participative: Leader views members equally, welcoming their opinions, summarizing points, and identifying problems that must be solved rather than dictating solutions [participate].

Encouraging active participation

1. Directly ask members who haven't opinionated yet to contribute. 2. Set a positive tone to make members feel comfortable enough that they won't get ridiculed for expressing opinions. 3. Make use of devil's advocacy and dialectical inquiry.

Communicating in Groups [Chapter 27]

1. Focus on goal by setting an agenda. 2. Plan on assuming dual roles. 3. Center disagreements around issues. 4. Resist groupthink. 5. Adopt an effective leadership style.

How to Prepare Effective Technical Presentations

1. Include diagrams, prototypes, drawings, computer simulations, design specifications, and spread sheets. 2. Aids must not overwhelm audience. 3. Use accessible language, avoid jargon, offer analogies to help clarify complexity of concepts and processes. 4. Can be both informative and persuasive. 5. Must sell ideas. 6. Detailed and specific using hard data instead of general statements.

How to create a Review Literature Presentation in conjunction with your own research study

1. Introduce your topic. 2. Review literature pertinent to your topic. 3. State your research question or hypothesis and describe how it relates to the literature. 4. Discuss your research methods. 5. Discuss results, including shortcomings and implications for future research.

Presentations Assigned Across Curriculum [Chapter30]

1. Journal Article Review. 2. The Debate. 3. The Poster Presentation. 4. The Service Learning Presentations. 5. Presenting to Different Audiences.

Ways to design Presentation Aids

1. Keep the design simple. 2. Use design elements consistently. 3. Select appropriate typeface styles and fonts. 4. Use color carefully. 5. Consider subjective interpretations of color.

Keep the design simple by:

1. One major idea per aid/slide. 2. Points in short phrases by following the eight-by-eight rule; no more than 8 words in a line and no more that 8 lines on one slide. 3. Word text in active voice. 4. Avoid clutter such as unnecessary graphs​ and texts. 5. Create concise titles.

How to prepare for a public forum

1. Organize thoughts. 2. Do not duplicate someone else's questions or comments unless it adds to discussion. 3. Don't use more time making points than you have to. 4. If appropriate include a call to action at conclusion of your comment.

Groups who can't resist groupthink

1. Participants avoid conflicts in order to not hurt other's feelings, but without generally agreeing. 2. Members who disagree with majority feel pressured to be conformed. 3. Disagreement, tough questions, and counterproposals are discouraged. 4. More effort in justifying a decision than testing the decision.

Focus on Interactive Learning Rather than a Monologue [Quick Tip]

1. Pause to pose questions. 2. Allow time for discussion. 3. Incorporate short activities into the mix.

Science and Mathematic Courses [Chapter 31]

1. Preparing Effective Presentations in Science and Mathemtaics. 2. Research Presentation. 3. Methods/Procedure Presentation. 4. Field Study Presentation. Presentation is to inform audience of results of original or replicated research or problem solving. It is difficult to explain complex information to audiences with varying levels of knowledge.

Arts and Humanities Courses [Chapter 34]

1. Preparing effective arts and humanities presentations. 2. Presentations of interpretation and analysis. 3. Presentations that compare and contrast. 4. Debates. Arts and Humanities courses require that you analyze and interpret meaning of a particular idea, event, person, story, or artifact. Done in a persuasive manner. Includes English, literature, history, religion, philosophy, foreign languages, art history, theater, and music.

Social Science Courses [Chapter 33]

1. Preparing effective presentations in the social sciences. 2. Review of the literature presentation. 3. Program evaluation presentation. 4. Policy proposal presentation. Social science courses includes psychology, sociology, political science, economics, anthropology, and communication. Conduct qualitative research and quantitative research. Presentation often includes review-of-the-literature presentation, theoretical research presentation, program evaluation presentation, and policy proposal.

Technical Courses [Chapter 32]

1. Preparing effective technical presentations. 2. Engineering design review. 3. Architecture design review. 4. Request for funding. Technical courses focus on the design of the product or a system. Include reports, proposals, advocate service or product, update progress, make recommendations, or request funding.

4 categories of presentation aids

1. Props and models. 2. Pictures. 3. Graphs and charts. 4. Audio, video, and multimedia.

Planning for unique demands of online delivery

1. Review the equipment. 2. Focus on vocal variety. 3.Provide superior visual aids.

Types of videos

1. Screencast: An online presentation that relies on software that captures whatever is displayed on a computer, from text to slides to streaming video. Especially used for training purposes. 2. Video Capture Software: Software used to incorporate video clips into an online presentation.

How to make a Poster

1. Select concise and informative title with 84 point type or larger. 2. Arrange in columns from upper left to lower right. 3. Include abstract [brief summary of study] , hook viewers, and summarize points to those who will only read the abstract. 4. Ensure logical and easy-to-follow flow. 5. Use minimal words and use clear graphics. 6. Select a mutated color for poster such as white, gray, beige, light blue, or white and use contrasting and clear color for fonts. 7. Large enough font that can be seen 3 feet away, 8. label and include concise summary of each figure in legend. 9. Be prepared to provide brief decription of poster, answer questions and keep explanation short.

How to create a webinar

1. Start with title. 2. Time each aspect of webinar and distribute introduction of speakers and purposes, length and order of each speaker's remarks, and length of question-and-answer session, if separate. 3. Rehearse. 4. Check for room noise, visual distractions, and check equipment. 5. Create back up plan in case of technical problems.

How to become a better listener

1. Take it seriously. 2. Self-awareness is critical. 3. Resist distractions. 4. Don't be diverted by appearance delivery. 5. Suspend your judgement. 6. Develop note taking skills. 7. Focus on listening. Listen for 2-4 main points, listen for evidence (is it relevant, accurate, objective, and sufficient, and listen for technique (intro, language, gestures, eye contact, and visual aids.

Checklist for giving presentation

1. Talk to audience. 2. Eye contact. 3. Body position. 4. Indicate when ready and finished. 5. Practice. 6. Careful with pointer. 7. Workout problems ahead of time.

Adopting effective leadership styles

1. Type of style. 2. Set goals. 3. Encourage active participation. 4. Use reflective thinking.

2 types of delivery mode.

1. Use real-time presentations. 2. Record presentations.

Choosing an online presentation format.

1. Video. 2. Podcasts and Vodcasts. 3. Webinars.

How to prepare for symposium

1. Who is audience? 2. Aspects of the topic other participants will address? 3. Order speakers address the audience? 4. Time constraints for prepared remarks? 5. Engage in Q&A with speakers or audience.

How to prepare remarks for a panel discussion or preparing to serve as a moderator

1. Who is audience? Do they know al lot about the topic?How do I increase audience understanding of topic? 2. Aspects of the topic other participants will address? What are their area of expertise? 3. Time given for question-and-answer period? 4. What key points should you review in conclusion?

Delivering Group Presentations [Chapter 28]

1. Work in groups. 2. Present in panels, symposia,and forums.

6 ways to select appropriate typefaces

1.Check for letting for eligibility. 2.Lettering should stand apart from background. 3.Use simple, easy-to-read typeface. 4.Use standard upper and lower case type. 5.No more than two differnt typefaces in single visual aid. 6.Don't overuse boldface, underlining, or italics. 7.Avoid ornate fonts.

4 ways to use color carefully

1.Keep background color constant. 2.Use bold, bright colors to emphasize important points. 3.Use contrasting colors rather than clashing into the background color. 4.Limit colors to no more than three.

picture

2D representation that includes line drawings, photographs, diagrams, maps, and posters

small groups

3 to 20 people

model

3D scale size representation of an object

Poor Listening

4 causes: listening too hard, jumping to conclusions, focusing on delivery and personal apperances, and not concentrating. The brain can only process 400 to 800 words so talk at 120 to 150 words per minute.

Case Study

A detailed illustration of a real or hypothetical business, medical, law, science, or other situation which poses difficult dilemmas or problems requiring a solution. Speakers are expected to consider the case carefully and then report on the following items: 1. Description of major issues involved in the case. 2. Statement of major problems and issues involved. 3. Identification of relevant alternatives to the case. 4. Present best solutions to the case with brief explanation of logic behind them. 5. Recommendations for implementing the solutions, along with acknowledgement of any obstacle/limitation.

Podcast

A digital audio recording of a presentation captured and stored in a form accessible via the Internet. Requires a microphone attached to a computer.

Symposia and Colloquia

A formal meeting at which several speakers deliver short speeches on the same topic. Provides audience with in-depth and varied perspectives on a topic. Sometimes concludes with Q&A period and sometimes even followed by a panel discussion.

Moderator

A person who presides over a discussion or meeting, describes purpose of the panel, introduces the panel members, launches the discussion by directing a question to one or more of the participants, and concludes the panel.

Vodcast

A podcast with video clips.

How to Overview a Journal Article Review

A presentation [or written report] that reviews and critically assesses the article's ideas for an audience of knowledgeable persons in the discipline.To present a journal article review you must: 1. Identify author's thesis or hypothesis. 2. Explain methods author used to arrive to conclusions. 3. Explain the results of the study. 4. Identify the author's methods and, if applicable, theoretical perspective. 5. Evaluate the study's quality, originality, and validity. 6. Describe author's sources and evaluate credibility. 7. Sow how the findings advance knowledge in the field.

real-time presentations

A presentation broadcast at the time of delivery via the Internet; real-time presentations connect the presenter and the audience live and at the same-time. A limitation is scheduling around conflicting time zones.

Recorded Presentations

A presentation in which speaker and audience are separated by time and space and the presentation is stored and played back from a digital medium. A limitation is lack of interaction with audience.

Staff Report

A report that informs managers and other employees of new developments relating to personnel that affect them and their work. Audience can be a group or individual and report is used to implement policies, other plans, or take other reports to other groups. Formal staff reports are: 1. State problem or question under consideration. 2. Describe procedures and facts used to address issue. 3. Discuss and analyze facts most pertinent to issue. 4. Give concluding statement. 5. Offer recommendations.

Progress Report

A report that updates clients or principals on developments in an ongoing project. Audience may be inside or outside the organization. Organization of format includes: 1. Briefly review progress made up to time of previous report. 2. Describe new developments since previous reports. 3. Describe personnel involved and their activities. 4. Detail time spent on tasks. 5. Explain supplies lost and costs accumulated. 6. Explain any problems and recommendations for resolution. 7. Provide estimate of tasks to be completed for next reporting period.

Panel discussions

A type of oral presentation in which a group of persons (at lease three, and generally not more than nine) discusses a topic in the presence of an audience, not a prepared speech, and is under the direction of a moderator.

Presentational Speaking

A type of oral presentation in which individuals or groups deliver reports addressing colleagues, clients, or customers within a business or professional environment. Differs in: 1. Degree of formality is between public speaking and conversational speaking. 2. Audience factors includes a captive audience [required to attend] and share more with one another because they know each other. 3. Speaker expertise is actually equal to that of the audience [A.K.A. "first among equals"].

Sales Proposal [Also Called A Sales Pitch]

A type of oral presentation that attempts to lead a potential buyer to purchase a service or product described by the presenter. Audience can be a first potential buyer or company manager. And organized by a problem-solution pattern/problem-cause-solution or comparative advantage pattern. Speaker can also use the basic sales technique called the motivated sequence, which appeals to buyer psychology: 1. Draw buyer's attention to product. 2. Isolate and clarify buyer's need for product. 3. Describe how product will satisfy buyer's need. 4. Invite buyer to purchase product.

How to do a Field Study Presentation

A type of oral presentation typically delivered in the context of science-related disciplines in which the speaker provides (1) an overview of the field research, (2)description of the site, (3) the methods used in the research, (4) an analysis of the results of the research, and (5) a time line indicating how the research results will be used going forward.

Setting goals

Aim to be catalyst in setting and collaborate to reach goals and make sure everyone in the group knows the goals and purposes.

Present in panels, symposia, and forums

All are group discussions in which multiple speakers share their expertise with an audience to specifically discuss issues of public interest. Members of this often may not meet beforehand to coordinate remarks.

vocal variety

Alterations in volume, pitch, speaking rate, pronunciation and articulation. Try to eliminate all vocal fillers.

Methods/Procedure Presentation

An oral presentation describing and sometimes demonstrating an experimental or mathematical process, including the conditions under which it can be applied; frequently delivered in scientific and mathematics related fields. This presentation generally does the following: 1. Identify type of condition it should be used in. 2. Offer description of the process. 3. Discuss benefits and shortcomings of the process.

Public Forums

Any space [physical or virtual] in which people gather to voice their ideas about public issues. My feature a panel or symposium followed by extensive Q&A period with audience. Example of a forum is a town hall meeting, which is a type of forum in which citizens deliberate on issues of importance to the community.

Kinds of Listening

Appreciative: is for enjoyment such as music, movies, etc. Empathic: is to provide emotional support. Comprehensive: is to understand. Critical: is to evaluate

How to Create an Architecture design review

Architecture design review: Enables audience to visualize the design and sell it. Use a narrative structure along with spatial organization. Review typically covers: 1. Background on the site. 2. Discussion of design concept. 3. Description and interpretation of design.

Clue Audience in Quickly [Quick Tip]

Because if you lose audience in beginning then most likely you won't get them back.

Sound enthusiastic and natural online

Can do this by talking to someone else that is physically in the room with you and talk to that person rather than the screen

How to Facilitate a Classroom Discussion.

Classroom discussion: Is an oral presentation in which the speaker presents a brief overview of the topic under discussion and introduces a series of questions to guide students through topic. Includes: 1. Outlining critical points to be covered. 2. Prepare several general guiding questions and examples for use during discussion.

How to do a Clinical Study Presentation

Clinical case study: Is a detailed analysis of a person or group with a particular disease or condition, and they inform medical teams of: 1. Overview of patient information. 2. Description of pre-treatment workup and its results. 3. Review of treatment options/plan care. 4. Outcome of treatment plan. 5. Survey plan by following-up patient care based on E.B.P.

Asynchronous Communication

Communication in which interaction between speaker and receiver does not occur simultaneously.

Synchronous Communication

Communication in which people exchange messages simultaneously, in real time.

Anti-group roles

Disruptive roles such as "floor hogger" who does not allow other speakers to speak, "recognition speaker" who calls attention to self rather than group tasks, and "blocker" who is overly negative about group ideas and raise issues that have been settled, and all this detracts from a group's roles and so should be avoided.

Education Courses [Chapter 35]

Education courses include curriculum and instruction, physical education, secondary and elementary education, and education administration. Given in lecture form or given to demonstrate an activity. Includes: 1. Preparing effective education presentations. 2. Delivering a lecture. 3. Facilitating a group activity. 4. Facilitating a classroom discussion.

How to Create an Engineering Design Review

Engineering Design Review: An oral presentation that enables the audience to visualize and judge the feasibility and appeal of an engineering design project. Are generally informative but purpose may include persuasion. Design review may incorporate a prototype as demonstration. Design reviews typically include: 1. Identification of problem to be solved. 2. Description of design concept. 3. Discussion of why design will solve the problem. 4. Discussion of experimental testing done on the design. 5. Discussion of future plans and unresolved problems. 6. Discussion of schedule, budget, and marketing issues.

Approach business presentation assignments as way to build career skills

Entry-level business and professional employees with superior oral presentation skills tend to get promoted sooner than their co-workers.

How to Create an Evidence-Based Practice Presentation

Evidence-based practice presentation: Is a presentation that reviews the scientific literature on a clinal problem, critically evaluates the findings, and suggests best practices for standards of care. Includes; 1. Define clinical issue. 2. Critically review scientific literature on a practice related to clinical issue, describing method, sample-size, and reliability. 3. Discuss strength of evidence and show whether or not practice should be adopted into clinical practice.

How to Present to Different Audiences

Expert Or Insider Audience: An audience of persons with an intimate knowledge of the topic, issue, product, or idea being discussed. Colleagues Within The Field: An audience of persons who share the speaker's knowledge of the general field under question but who may not be familiar with the specific topic under discussion. Lay Audience: An audience of persons lacking specialized knowledge of the general field related to the speaker's topic and of the topic itself. Mixed Audience: An audience composed of a combination of persons-some with expert knowledge of the field and topic and others with no specialized knowledge.

scriptwriting

Focus on what we, rather than the speaker, will say next.

Nursing and Allied Health Courses [Chapter 36]

For all areas of health care. Presentations range from service learning, poster, and review of academic articles. It is in form of: 1. Evidence-based-practice. 2. Clinical case study 3. Quality improvement proposal. 4. Case conference. 5. Shift report.

Adapting motivated sequence to selling situation

For cold-call consider spending more time discovering buyer's need. For invited sales consider spending more time detailing characteristics of product and how it will satisfy buyer's needs.

Types of dual roles

Generally you will assume the task role or social role or both. Task role: Types of roles that directly relate to the accomplishment of the objectives and missions of a group. Examples include "recording secretary" who takes notes and "moderator" who facilitates discussions. Social role: In a small group, roles that help facilitate effective group interaction, such as the "harmonizer" who smoothes over tension by settling differences and the "gatekeeper" who keeps the discussion moving and get's everyone's input.

How to Facilitate a Group Activity.

Group activity presentation: Is an oral presentation that introduces students to an activity and provides them with clear directions for its completion. Includes: 1. Brief review of main idea of lecture. 2. Explain goal of activity. 3. Directions on carrying out activity. 4. Preview what students will gain from activity and what the discussion following it will cover.

Listening vs. Hearing

Hearing: is the vibration of waves on eardrums and the firing of electrochemical impulses in the brain. Listening: is paying close attention to, and making sense of what we hear.

overhead transparencies

Image printed on clear acetate that can be viewed by projection. Examples: powerpoint, chalkboard, etc.

How to Debate

In an academic debate: Two students or groups of students consider or argue an issue from opposing viewpoints. 1. Take a side. 2. Advance Strong Arguments.

Taking a side in debates

Individual debate format: A debate in which one person takes a side against another. Team policy debate format: A debate in which a team of two or more people opposes a second team, with each person having a speaking role. Affirmative side: supports the topic with a resolution by giving a declarative statement asking for change or consideration of a controversial issue. Negation side: opposes the affirmative side's arguments.

Listening distraction

Is anything that competes for attention we are trying to give to something else.

Listening

Is important. We listen selectively to important information, things related to our experiences, and sort and filter out what we already know (values).

How to make Treatment Plan Reports

Is the ability to communicate information about patients or clients and is important to all health care providers.

Dialogic communication

Is the open sharing of ideas in an atmosphere of respect.

Defensive Listenig

Is when the listener is focusing on what speaker is going to say next and not what the speaker is saying.

Feedback loop

Is when the speaker and the audience encourage communication

How to Make Presentations that Compare and Contrast

It is meant to be either informative or persuasive. Include: 1. Thesis statement outlining connection between events, stories, people, or artifacts. 2. Discussion of main points with examples, while highlighting similarities and differences. 3. Concluding evaluative statement. If it is persuasive, discuss why one piece of literature is more effective than other, and if informative restate similarities and differences.

How to Deliver a Lecture

Lecture: Is an informational speech for audience of student learners. Standard lectures are 30 minutes to an hour in length. Mini lectures are 10 to 15 minutes in length. Includes: 1. Clear introduction of topic. 2. Statement of central idea of lecture. 3. Statement of connection to previous topics covered. 4. Discussion of main points. 5. Summary of lecture and preview of next assigned topic. 6. Q & A period.

Active Listenig

Listening that is focused in purposeful isn't possible under conditions that distract us.

How to Prepare an Effective Education Presentation

Needs clear organization, integration of the material into broader course content, two-way communication, and student-friendly supporting material. Includes: 1. Using a learning framework. 2. Organize material logically and must be tightly organized. 3. Integrate discussion to overall course content, and describe how today's lecture relates to previous lecture. Also, in group activity address student's comments and other topics that have been raised before or will be raised later on. 4. Tailor examples and evidence to audience by using familiar examples and evidence that correlate to students' knowledge level.

How to do a Policy Proposal Presentation

Policy proposal presentation: Is an oral presentation that offers recommendations for solving a problem or addressing an issue. Typically covers: 1. Definition and background review of current policy. 2. Discussion of alternatives to policy, including its pros and cons. 3. Recommendation of a specific policy with clear argument for why this specific alternative is better than the others. 4. Applications of forecasting methods to show like results of the recommended policy. 5. Plan for implementation of the recommendations. 6. Discussion of future needs or parameters to monitor and evaluate the policy option.

How to do a Poster Presentation

Poster: displays information about a study, an issue, or a concept on a large poster.They typically follow the structure of a scientific journal article including: abstract, introduction, description of methods, results section, conclusion, and references. Poster must be concise, visually appealing, and focus on most important points of the study.

How to make Presentations of Interpretation and Analysis

Present a new way of viewing the topic rather than reiterating what other people say or what is already generally accepted knowledge. The more original the interpretation, the more compelling it will be.

How to do a Program Evaluation Presentation

Program Evaluation Presentation: Is a report on a program's mission with a description of its accomplishments and how they were measured, and conclusions on how well or poorly the program has met its stated objectives.

Becoming familiar with proposals

Proposals: A type of business or professional presentation in which the speaker provides information needed for decisions related to modifying or adopting a product, procedure, or policy. The audience can be an individual or large group, and organization can be formal and lengthy or brief and lossely constructed, but genrally it is organized in these steps: Step 1. Introduce issue. Step 2. State problem. Step 3. Describe method in which you discovered the problem. Step 4. Describe facts learned. Step 5. Offer explnations and interpretations of findings. Step 6. Offer recommendations and its time lines and budgets. Step 7. Leave call to action and tell recommendation again in persuasive manner.

How to do a Quality Improvement Proposal

Quality improvement proposal: Is when the speaker recommends the adoption of a new or modified health practice or policy. Address: 1. Review of existing practice. 2. Description of proposed quality improvement. 3. Review of scientific literature on proposed literature. 4. Plan of action for implementation.

Webinars

Real-time presentations, including meetings, training sessions, seminars, and other presentations that connect presenters and listeners through their computers or mobile devices, regardless of where they are in the world. Include a picture of you face with name and title.

Becoming familiar with reports

Reports: Is a systematic and objective description of facts and observations related to business or professional interests, which may contain recommendations [strictly informative] or may not contain recommendations [imformative and persuasive]. Formats of proposals include: 1. Summary of reasons for the report including its scopes, methods, and limitations and main conclusions and recommendations. 2. Discussion of the findings of evidence. 3. Key conclusions drawn from evidence. 4. Recommendations based on the evidence.

How to Request for Funding

Request for Funding: Is a type of oral presentation providing evidence that a project, proposal, or design idea is worth funding; frequently delivered in technical fields such as engineering, computer science, and architecture. Done in persuasive manner. Cover the following: 1. Overview of customer needs. 2. Analysis of market and its needs. 3. Overview of design idea and how it meets needs. 4. Costs for project. 5. Specific reasons why project should be funded.

How to do a Research Presentation

Research Presentation: An oral presentation describing original research undertaken by the speaker, either alone or as part of a team; it is frequently delivered in the fields of science and social science. Can be stand-alone or poster session. Standard scientific investigation model includes: 1. Introduction describing research question and objective of study. 2. Description of methods used to investigate research question, inlcluding where it took place and conditions it was in. 3. Results of the study. 4. Conclusion in which speaker interprets data or results and discusses significance.

How to create a Review Literature Presentation

Review Literature Presentation: Is a type of oral presentation in which the speaker reviews the body of research related to a given topic or issue and offers conclusions about the topic based on this research; frequently delivered in social scientific fields. Covers: 1. Statement of topic you are reviewing. 2. describe research and specific points of aggreement and disagreement among sources. 3. Evaluation of strengths and weaknesses of the research, including the methodology used. 4. Conclusion drawn from the research. 5. Suggest directions for future study.

Technical Disciplines [Quick Tip]

STEM fields and design-oriented disciplines such as graphic design, architecture, and industrial design.

How to do Service Learning Presentations

Service Learning Presentation: A presentation based on experience and knowledge gained by students actively participating in addressing a need or problem in a community or organization. Presentation must include: 1. Decription of service task. 2. Describe what service task taught you about those you served. 3. Explain how task and outcome relates to your service learning course. 4. Apply what you learned to future understanding and practice.

How to Debate

Speaker must present brief assertion from 2 to 3 minutes about the topic, and opposing speaker responds with position. Whatever side you are one prepare a well-composed argument with strong supporting evidence.

Using reflective thinking to reach a solution

Step 1. Identify the problem. Step 2. Conduct research and analysis. Step 3. Establish guidelines and criteria. Step 4. Generate solutions. Step 5. Select the best solution. Step 6. Evaluate solution.

Advancing strong arguments

Support your position by giving strong evidence and warrants[reasons], backing [evidence for reason], qualifiers [states degree or certainty of of the claim using "most", "sometimes", and "always", and rebuttals[addresses counterarguments.

2 forms of Treatment Plan Reports

The first from of treatment plan report is case conference, which routinely report patients' conditions and outline plans of treatment to other health care providers. Includes: 1. Description of patient status. 2. Explanation of disease process. 3. Steps in treatment regimen. 4. Goals for patient and family. 5. Plans for patient's care at home. 6. Review of financial needs. 7. Assessment of resources available. The second form is shift report, which is a concise overview of patient's status and needs, delivered to next oncoming caregiver. Includes: 1. Patient name, location, and reason for care. 2. Current physical status. 3. Day on clinical pathway for particular diagnosis. 4. Psychosocial data and plans for discharge. 5. Care needs including physical, hygiene, activity, meds, and nutrition.

How to Prepare Effective Arts and Humanities Presentations

These presentations are meant to help audiences understand and put into context the meaning of original works or scholarships. Covers: 1. Thesis/central message in text or work. 2. Discovers questions/ideas the author addresses. 3. Type of audience the work for. 4. Influences/sources that inform the work.

How to center disagreements around issues

Use productive conflict, where group members clarify questions, challenge ideas, present counterexamples, consider worst-case scenarios, and reformulate proposals, this allows to center around issues rather than personalities.

How to Prepare Effective Presentation in Science and Mathematics

Use scientific Method and describe methods used in gathering and analyzing data, and explain the results. 1. Use observations, proofs, and experiments. 2. Highlight critical information but not information that is already known. 3. Use analogies to build on prior knowledge and demonstrate underlying causes. 4. Use aids to illustrate important concepts.

Narrow topic [Quick Tip]

When it comes to reviewing literature presentations.

How to Prepare Effective Presentations in Nursing and Allied Health Courses

You must accurately communicate scientific knowledge while reviewing patient's clinical status and potential treatment plans. Must: 1. Use vidence-based guidelines. 2. Demonstrate solid grasp of relevant scientific data. 3. Organize presentation in order of patient severity. 4. Present patient and patient's illness, but remember patient isn't just symptoms but also a person. 5. Include only essential facts and be prepared to answer any questions regarding patient and care.

flip charts

a large pad of paper on which a speaker can write or draw

audio clip

a short recording of sounds, music, or speech

typeface

a specific style of lettering, such as aerial, or times new roman

prop

any inanimate or even live object that captures the audience's attention and illustrates or emphasizes key points

Use design elements consistently

apply same design to all aids you display in speech, including color, fonts, styling, layout, title, logos, capitalization of letters.

multimedia

combines still, sound, video, text, and data into a single production

handouts

converts information that either is impractical to give to the audience in another manner or is intended to be kept by audience member after the presentation

pie graph

depicts the division of a whole into slices; each slice is a percentage of the whole

flowchart

diagrams the progression of a process, helping viewers visualize a sequence or directional flow

maps

help listeners visualize geographic areas and understand relationships among them; illustrate proportions

serif typefaces

include small flourishes, or strokes, at the tops and bottoms of each letter BODY

presentation aids

includes objects, models, pictures, graphs, charts, audio, video, and multimedia

video

including movie, tv, and other recording instruments

posters

large paperboards incorporating text, figures, and images, alone or in combination

sans serif typefaces

more block-like and linear- without strokes HEADING

fonts

or sets of sizes(called the point size), and upper and lower cases

Selective Perception

people pay attention selectively to certain things while ignoring others.

online presentations

presentations delivered over any distance via internet; can include both real-time or recorded presentations

graph

represents relationships among two or more things

keep the presentation design ________

simple

table

systematically groups data in column form, allowing viewers to examine and make comparisons about information quickly

beware of "chart junk"

too many stats & sequences in one presentation

bar or column graph

uses bars of varying lengths to compare quantities or magnitudes; vertically or horizontally

pictogram

uses picture symbols(icons) to illustrate relationships and trends

line graph

uses points connected by lines to demonstrate how something changes or fluctuates in value

people retain information that is presented both v&v

verbally and visually

diagram "schematic drawing"

visually explains how something works or is constructed or operates

chart

visually organizes complex information into compact form