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Diploid

2 sets of chromosomes

cell plate

A double membrane across the midline of a dividing plant cell, between which the new cell wall forms during cytokinesis.

binary fission

A form of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size

mitospore

A spore that develops by mitosis.

gametic

All of the following animal cells are diploid except

Heterozygous

An organism that has two different alleles for a trait

hormone

Chemical messengers, mostly those manufactured by the endocrine glands, that are produced in one tissue and affect another

chromatin

Clusters of DNA, RNA, and proteins in the nucleus of a cell

sporophyte

Diploid, or spore-producing, phase of an organism

Anisogamete

The condition of having gametes similar in shape, but different in size.

annulus

a few rows of specialized cells

vascular plant

a plant that has true vascular tissue

Condidospore

an asexually produced fungal spore formed on a conidiophore

sorus

cluster of sporangia on the underside of a fern frond

corolla

collection of petals

haplontic

describes a life cycle in which the haploid stage is the dominant stage

Isogamy

gametes are equal in size

heterogamous

gametes unlike in size

Haploid

having a single set of unpaired chromosomes

oogamous

large eggs and small sperm

juvenile stage of an animal

larva

sporic

life cycle in which a haploid generation alternates with a diploid generation

stigma

not part of the stamen

Differentiation

process in which cells become specialized in structure and function

external fertilization

process in which eggs are fertilized outside the female's body

Atheridium

produces sperm in nonflowering plants

Corm

rounded, fleshy underground stem that contains stored food

Cytokinesis

separation of two ends of an old cell

gonad

sex glands, sex organs

anisogamous

sperm and egg differ in size

resting spore

spore, often thick-walled, that can remain alive in a dormant state for some time, later germinating and capable of initiating infection

Centriole

structure in an animal cell that helps to organize cell division

Homologous

term used to refer to chromosomes that each have a corresponding chromosome from the opposite-sex parent

adventitious

the appearance of buds or roots from tissue which is not a bud or root

anther

the part of a stamen that contains the pollen.

diploid

the sporophyte generation

mitosis

the type of cell division that leads to growth and development

conjugation

transfer of genetic material from one cell to another


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