AAH Unit Test Ch 14-16

What was the stated reason given by whites for many lynchings?

A black man had raped a white woman.

What was the ultimate result of the Dyer anti-lynching bill?

Although the NAACP gained publicity for the anti-lynching crusade, the bill ultimately failed.

Why did blacks initially settle in the Harlem area of New York City?

Because builders were unable to sell to whites, they sold to blacks to avoid bankruptcy.

What did the film Birth of a Nation depict?

Birth of a Nation was an incredibly racist film that portrayed blacks as either ignorant or immoral; it glorified the Ku Klux Klan

What were some of the differences between life for a black soldier and life for a white soldier?

Blacks received far worse food rations, equipment, and horses.

Who was the most prominent black person associated with the NAACP in the early twentieth century?

Booker T. Washington

What benefits did Marcus Garvey and his ideas bring to many black people?

Garvey's ideas brought an opportunity to celebrate black culture, history, and heritage.

What area became known as the "Negro Capital of the World"?

Harlem, New York City, New York

Why did southern whites approve of Booker T. Washington?

He upheld the institution of segregation in the South.

What was the effect of the Plessy v. Ferguson decision?

It demonstrated that the highest court in the land accepted discriminatory treatment of blacks.

What was the general nature of the NAACP publication, The Crisis?

It denounced racism and demanded that blacks stand up for their rights.

Where did the term "Jim Crow" originate?

It was the name of a routine in a popular white minstrel show that ridiculed black people.

What idea did works like Color Struck and The Blacker the Berry... reflect?

Many black people also had color prejudices against darker-skinned blacks.

What is true about black migration between 1910 and 1940?

Many blacks migrated, doubling the population of blacks outside the southern states.

What were the actual reasons for many lynchings?

Many times, blacks who were lynched had competed economically with whites.

What was a "crop lien"?

Merchants, in exchange for goods and products needed at a general store, would have a legal claim to part of the black family's crop.

Where did the term "buffalo soldiers" originate?

Native Americans admired blacks' fighting abilities and thought their hair similar to that of the buffalo.

To what party did most blacks remain loyal in the post-Reconstruction South?

Republicans

Why is Madam C. J. Walker significant?

She became a very wealthy businesswoman.

How was the Klan of the 1920s different from the Reconstruction-era Klan?

The Klan of the 1920s expanded hate targets to Catholics, Jews, and immigrants as well as blacks.

What did many race riots of the early twentieth century have in common?

The causes of the riots often included whites charging sexual misconduct against black men.

Why did blacks find Chicago advantageous?

The city provided some opportunities for political influence by black politicians.

Why did most rural black families remain close to involuntary servitude by the late 1800s?

They lacked education, land, and political access to improve their lives.

Who were the "talented tenth"?

They were the top ten percent of black society; leaders like Du Bois felt that this group should lead blacks to greater social and political equality.

What methods did the NAACP use to try to gain black civil and political rights?

They worked within the court and legislative system.

What black college did Booker T. Washington found in 1872?

Tuskegee Institute in Alabama

What is the approximate number of lynchings in the South over the period 1889-1932?

Two or three people were lynched, on average, every week for thirty years.

What was a belief of Booker T. Washington about opportunities for blacks?

Washington believed that blacks should learn skills and do manual labor.

How did Booker T. Washington feel about the NAACP?

Washington sent in his aides and supporters to disrupt meetings and attack Du Bois publicly.

How was Booker T. Washington's message received by whites?

Whites embraced his nonthreatening acceptance of white superiority.

Why were many black troops assigned to Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas?

Whites thought that blacks could tolerate the heat better.

What was an "Exoduster"?

a black person who moved to the western United States in search of a better life than in the South

What is social Darwinism?

a theory that applied Darwin's theory of "survival of the fittest" to human society

What was the "Harlem Renaissance"?

an outpouring of literary and artistic work from blacks during the 1920s

What organization reemerged shortly after the release of the movie The Birth of a Nation?

the Ku Klux Klan

What was the goal of the Urban League?

to help urban blacks with housing, discrimination, and medical care

What were "minstrel shows"?

traveling groups of white actors and musicians, some portraying blacks in stereotypical, racist caricatures

What were "grandfather clauses"?

voting restriction clauses which held that someone could vote only if his father or grandfather had been able to vote before a certain time, usually the end of slavery