A&P 1.3 Anatomical Terms

Three serous membranes in the body:

1- Pericardial membrane (around the heart). 2- pleura (around the lungs). 3- peritoneal membrane (around some organs in the abdominopelvic cavity)

Describe anatomical position: (5)

1- person is standing erect. 2- feet are parallel, flat, & directed forward. 3- face & eyes are forward. 4- arms are held at the sides. 5- the palms are facing forward with the thumbs directed away from the body

A midsagittal plane would separate which body cavities from one another? A- two pulmonary cavities B- cranial & spinal cavities C- abdominal & pelvic cavities D- dorsal & ventral body cavities

A

Liver is located in what cavity?

Abdominal

The more superior portion of the abdominopelvic cavity. There is no physical structure that separates this from the pelvic cavity.

Abdominal cavity

Abdominopelvic cavity contains the _____ cavity and the _____ cavity

Abdominal cavity & pelvic cavity

The inferior portion of the ventral body cavity. Inferior to the diaphragm. Has two subdivisions. A- abdominal cavity B- pelvic cavity

Abdominopelvic cavity

The standard reference position for all anatomic and medical discussions

Anatomical position

Toward or at the front of the body; in front of=

Anterior (ventral). The breastbone is anterior to the spine.

Midsagittal or median the right and left portions ______ symmetric. Parasagittal, the right and left portions ______ symmetric.

Are; are not

Defined areas or "spaces" that are filled with organs. These spaces are referred to as _______.

Body cavities

The cranial cavity contains the _____

Brain

The serous membrane that adheres to the surface of the liver is called: A- visceral pleura B- parietal pleura C- visceral peritoneum D- parietal peritoneum

C

On opposite sides=

Contralateral. The right hand and left foot are contralateral.

A vertical or longitudinal plane of sectioning. This divides the body or an organ into anterior and posterior portions.

Coronal/frontal plane

Dorsal body cavity contains the _____ cavity and the _____ cavity

Cranial & vertebral (spinal)

The superior part of the dorsal body cavity. Enclosed by the skull. The organ found in this cavity is the brain.

Cranial cavity

Away from the body surface; more internal=

Deep (internal). The lungs are deep to the skin.

What organ lies between the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity?

Diaphragm

Farther from the origin of a body part of the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk=

Distal. The knee is distal to the thigh.

The more posterior cavity. Has two subdivisions separated by the foramen magnum of the skull. A- cranial cavity B- spinal/vertebral cavity

Dorsal cavity

T/F: midsagittal or median, the right and left portions are not symmetric

False, they are symmetric!

In the dorsal cavity, what are the two subdivisions (cranial & spinal) divided by?

Foramen magnum (in the skull)

Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below=

Inferior (caudal). The navel is inferior to the chin.

On the same side=

Ipsilateral. The right hand and the right foot are ipsilateral.

The spleen is located in what quadrant/region?

LUQ, left hypochondriac

The stomach is located in what quadrant/region?

LUQ, umbilical

Away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of=

Lateral. The arms are lateral to the chest.

Toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of=

Medial. The heart is medial to the arm.

Within the thoracic cavity. Intermediate to the pulmonary cavities. Contains organs like the heart, trachea, esophagus, thymus, some major blood vessels.

Mediastinum

Serous cavities: The outer layer of the balloon is like the ______ of the serous membrane.

Parietal layer (outer layer)

Kidneys are located in what cavity?

Pelvic

The more inferior portion of the abdominopelvic cavity. There is no specific structure that separates this from the abdominal cavity.

Pelvic cavity

The serous membranes found around the heart are specifically called the _____. The _____ is the outer portion of the membrane and forms a "wall" around the heart. The ____ adheres directly to the surface of the heart. The _____ is the space in between the 2 layers and it is filled with _____.

Pericardial membranes; parietal pericardium; visceral pericardium; pericardial cavity; pericardial fluid

The serous membranes found around the abdominal organs are specifically called the _____. The _____ is the outer portion of the membrane, it lines the inside of the abdominal cavity. The ____ adheres directly to the surface of the abdominal organs. The ____ is the space in between the 2 layers.

Peritoneum; parietal peritoneum; visceral peritoneum; peritoneal cavity

The serous membranes found around the lungs are specifically called the _____. The _____ is the outer portion of the membrane, it lines the inside of the thoracic cavity. The _____ adheres directly to the surface of the lung. The _____ is the space between the 2 layers and it is filled with ______.

Pleura; parietal pleura; visceral pleura; pleural cavity; pleural fluid

Toward or at the back of the body; behind=

Posterior (dorsal). The heart is posterior to the breastbone.

If the body is lying face down, it is in the ____ position

Prone

Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk=

Proximal. The elbow is proximal to the wrist.

Thoracic cavity contains the _____ cavity and the _____ cavity

Pulmonary & mediastinum

Within the thoracic cavity. A right and a left pulmonary cavity, each filled with a lung.

Pulmonary cavities

Th appendix and urinary bladder are located in what quadrant/region?

RLQ, hypogastric

Because the abdominopelvic cavity is so large and contains so many organs it is subdivided based on surface anatomy landmarks. List the abdominopelvic quadrants:

RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ

The liver is located in what quadrant/region?

RUQ, epigastric

The gallbladder, and small & large intestine are located in what quadrant/region?

RUQ, umbilical

The abdominopelvic cavity can be divided into 9 parts called abdominopelvic regions. The regions are formed using two Sagittarius lines through the mid-clavicle (collarbone): one transverse line just inferior to the rib margin and one transverse line at the level of the iliac crest. Name the 9 regions:

Right hypochondriac region, left hypochondriac region, right lumbar, left lumbar, right inguinal (iliac) region, left inguinal (iliac) region, epigastric region, umbilical region, hypogastric (pubic) region

A vertical of longitudinal plane of sectioning. This divides the body of an organ into right and left portions.

Sagittal plane

Serous cavities: The space between the 2 layers of the balloon is like the ______ of the serous membrane.

Serous cavity (air between the visceral layer & parietal layer)

The serous cavity is normally filled with a fluid-filled called _____

Serous fluid

A moist, slippery membrane. Contains some epithelial tissue and some connective tissue.

Serous membrane ("serosa" for short)

The vertebral cavity contains the ________

Spinal cord

Toward or at the body surface=

Superficial (external). The skin is superficial to the skeletal muscles.

Toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above=

Superior (cranial). The head is superior to the abdomen.

If the body is lying gave up, it is in the _____ position

Supine

Lungs are located in what cavity?

Thoracic

Ventral body cavity contains the ______ cavity and the ______ cavity

Thoracic & abdominopelvic

The superior portion of the ventral body cavity. Superior to the diaphragm. Some organs here are surrounded by serous membranes (each has a parietal & visceral layer). Also has two subdivisions. A- pulmonary cavities B- mediastinum

Thoracic cavity

A horizontal plane of sectioning. This divides the body or an organ into superior and inferior portions.

Transverse plane

T/F: parasagittal, the right and left portions are not symmetric

True

References only one side of the body=

Unilateral. The patient had a unilateral rash on the torso.

More anterior cavity. Has two subdivisions separated by the muscular diaphragm. A- thoracic cavity B- abdominopelvic cavity

Ventral

Serous membranes surround some ________ organs as they are growing and developing. It's as if the organs are a fist growing into a balloon. The fist is like the organ and the balloon is like the serous membrane.

Ventral cavity

The inferior part of the dorsal body cavity. Enclosed by the vertebrae. The organ found in this cavity is the spinal cord.

Vertebral (spinal) cavity

Even though the serous membrane is continuous, it appears to have two layers:

Visceral layer & parietal layer

Serous cavities: The inner layer of the balloon that touches the fist is like the ______ of a serous membrane.

Visceral layer (inner layer touching the organ)