A&P 2
The process of capacitation within fertilization involves:
A period of time that allows the sperm's motility is enhanced and their membranes become fragile
lub sound
AV valves closing
Which type of humoral immunity is generated when an individual receives an infection from another person?
Active natural humoral immunity
What substance or hormone would not lead to dehydration?
Aldosterone
Fertilization usually occurs in the:
Ampulla of the fallopian tube
What hormone has the most powerful effect on water reabsorption in teh collecting ducts?
Andidiuretic hormone
Coronary arteries branch from the ____ and provide oxygenated blood to the cardiac cells.
Aorta
Which of the following valves are classified as "semilunar" valves?
Aortic and pulmonary valves
The role of the liver in the digestive system is to:
Assist in the mechanical breakdown of fats
Which type of white blood cell releases histamine and is normally the lowest in amount/volume of the white blood cells?
Basophil
Which of the following cannot pass through placental barriers?
Blood cells
Which statement is true regarding blood pressure?
Blood pressure can be influenced by body position and emotional states.
Which of the following statements is true regarding the pathway of blood through the heart?
Blood returning to the heart from the lungs enters the left atrium.
Which statement is true regarding blood typing?
Blood type O- is the universal donor.
Leukopoiesis occus in which of the following organs?
Bone marrow
Which of the following is true of the cardiac output?
CO is equal to heart rate multiplied by stroke volume
Which statement is true of blood vessels?
Capillaries are the only type of vessel that allow exchange of gases and nutrients.
What best describes the umbilical vein?
Carries oxygen rich blood from the placenta to the fetus
What doesn't the pancreas synthesize?
Chyme
The acrosome of a sperm:
Contains enzymes that allow the sperm to penetrate the egg.
Which of the following is true of cellular immunity?
Cytotoxic T cells are produced
Which of the following structures undergoes the most physiological changes during a menstrual cycle?
Endometrium
The acrosomal reaction within fertilization involves:
Enzymes digesting holes through the zona pellucida
A female will develop over a million mature follicles in her lifetime.
False
A vasectomy is a medical procedure where the epididymis is cut and the ends are cauterized to prevent the passage of sperm within the male reproductive system.
False
A vasectomy is a medical procedure where the epididymis is cut and the ends are cauterized to prevent the passage of sperm within the male reproductive system?
False
An ectopic pregnancy occurs when the fertilized egg implants outside of the endometrium and is rarely life threating for the mother?
False
An egg is typically fertilized within the uterus of a female reproductive tract.
False
Anemia is classified and defined as the body being iron deficient.
False
Arterioles are the smallest form of an artery and is where gas exchange occurs.
False
As the inspiratory muscles contract, the thoracic volume increases leading to an increase of pulmonary volume, which increases the intrapulmonary pressure.
False
Blood entering the left atrium is deoxygenated.
False
Both hypernatremia and hyponatremia will lead to cardiac arrhythmias.
False
Cardiac output is the amount of blood ejected from both ventricles with each contraction.
False
Female sex hormones are produced in the uterus and ovary.
False
For inspiration to occur, intrapulmonary pressure must be higher than atmospheric pressure?
False
For the heart to contract effectively, the right side of the heart contracts while the left side of the heart fills with blood and then the left side contracts while the right side of the heart fills with blood.
False
Humoral immunity involves the production of antibodies that will attack any bacteria or virus.
False
Hypercalcemia will result in muscle spasm and tetany.
False
Hypernatremia can result from an increase of water intake.
False
In regard to blood typing, antibodies are found on the surface of red blood cells.
False
Metabolic acidosis can occur from ingesting too many basic substances or from chronic vomiting stomach contents.
False
Metabolic alkalosis can occur from a person vomiting excessively, which will result in a decrease of blood pH levels.
False
Non-electrolyte solutes create positively or negatively charge ions in water.
False
Of the various tissue types, muscle tissue has the lowest water content in the body.
False
Only arteries undergo vasoconstriction and vasodilation.
False
Red blood cells have a lifespan of about 30-40 days.
False
The blood pressure of veins should always be slightly higher than arteries in a healthy person.
False
The cardiac conduction system allows for the heart to contract in a very coordinated mechanism that is dependent upon the AV node to generate the electrical impulse.
False
The cardiac conduction system causes the right atrium and right ventricle of the heart to contract at the same time, and then the left atrium and left ventricle contract at that same time?
False
The cervix is technically part of the vagina.
False
The entire cardiac cycle is dependent upon the AV node generating the electrical impulse, which then "passes" to the SA node.
False
The exposure rate of a pathogen determines the effectiveness of innate defenses.
False
The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is highly regulated because if GFR increases, the amount of urine output decreases?
False
The internal and external urethral sphincters are both composed of skeletal muscle and under conscious control.
False
The primary role of the smooth muscle surrounding the bronchi is to provide structural support.
False
The right atrium and right ventricle will contract first, then the left atrium and ventricle contract.
False
The secretory phase of the uterine cycle is when the endometrium starts to breakdown and is sloughed off through the cervix and vagina.
False
The uterine cycle is regulated directly by follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone?
False
The vagina's acidic pH is helpful for sperm to produce energy and be motile.
False
The vagina's acidic pH is helpful for sperm to produce energy and be motile?
False
Trans fat is the healthiest fat for the cardiovascular system.
False
Vitamins and minerals can be used as a direct energy source if needed to be.
False
When an individual is dehydrated, electrolyte concentration is likely to decrease.
False
Which of the following is true of the hemostasis process?
Fibrin is an insoluble protein thread that will cross link to the platelets together.
Which statement is true regarding hemostasis?
Fibrinogen is converted into thrombin threads that reinforce the platelet plug.
Which of the following is a role of the nasal cavity?
Filter and clean incoming air
What part of the kidney filters the incoming blood?
Glomerulus
This hormone spikes after the egg is fertilized, maintains the viability of the corpus luteum and tested for within at home pregnancy tests?
Human chorionic gonadotropin
Respiratory alkalosis can be caused by:
Hyperventilating
If the breathing rate slowed and carbon dioxide levels increased within a body, the blood pH would:
If the breathing rate slowed and carbon dioxide levels increased within a body, the blood pH would:
For expiration to occur, the intrapulmonary pressure has to:
Increase compared to atmospheric air pressure
Aldosterone will influence the kidneys to:
Increase sodium ion reabsorption
Diuretics have what effect on the kidneys?
Increase water excretion
Diuretics produce which effect on the kidneys?
Increase water excretion
Which of the following is NOT a benefit to the inflammatory process?
Initiates the production of T-cytotoxic cells
Which of the following is true of polycythemia?
It can be caused by cancer of the bone marrow.
Which of the following statements is true of fiber?
It can help prevent constipation.
What is NOT true of the large intestine?
It contains circular folds to assist with increasing the surface area of the large intestine
Which of the following statements is true of ovulation?
It happens on day 14 of a 28-day cycle.
Which statement is true regarding the blood plasma protein albumin?
It is involved in transport of materials within the blood
What is NOT true of the dilation phase of delivery?
It is when the mom actively pushes the baby out
Which of the following is NOT true regarding inflammation?
It stimulates a fever to develop
Which is NOT true of lipid metabolism?
It will occur after carbohydrate and protein metabolism efforts have been exhausted
What is NOT true of the corpus luteum?
It will start to breakdown and degenerate if an egg is fertilized
Which of the following is true of the trachea?
Its lumen is lined with cilia.
The aortic valve prevents backflow into the:
Left ventricle
What is NOT true of the male and female urethras?
Males are more at risk for bladder infections due to the length of the urethra
Which of these statements is NOT true regarding urethras?
Males are more at risk for bladder infections due to the length of the urethra.
Which of the following blood cells is considered an "agranulocyte"?
Monocyte
Seventy-two hours after fertilization, a zygote has developed into a:
Morula
Blood flows from the elastic arteries to the ___ then ___.
Muscular arteries; arterioles
Someone with type O blood has which antigens present on their erythrocytes?
Neither A nor B
Which of the following is the most numerous type of leukocyte?
Neutrophil
Which type of white blood cell is most numerous and typically increased with bacterial infections?
Neutrophil
Which of the following donor types would be compatible with a B- recipient?
O-
What is true of gas exchange within the lungs?
Occurs at the type I alveolar cells
Luteinizing hormone within the female reproductive system directly influences what process?
Ovulation of the oocyte
Which of the following structures is released from an ovary during ovulation?
Ovum
Which portion of the EKG wave pertains to the atria undergoing depolarization?
P Wave
What type of cell produces hydrochloric acid within the gastric glands?
Parietal cells
Which muscle is not considered a respiratory muscle?
Pectoralis major muscle
Which of the following hormones is released from the corpus luteum?
Progesterone
In healthy kidneys, what is not a common substance filtered out of the glomerulus?
Proteins
Blood exiting the right ventricle flows through which valve?
Pulmonary
Which portion of the EKG wave pertains ventricles contracting during the cardiac cycle?
QRS complex
Cortical reactions in the process of fertilization involves:
Reactions that occur that allows only one sperm to penetrate the egg
The right atrium:
Receives blood from the body circuit
Which is NOT true about urine?
Red blood cells and proteins are normall found in urine
Which factor will NOT directly affect stroke volume?
Respiration rate
The majority of chemical digestion occurs in which region of the digestion system?
Small intestine
The majority of nutrient absorption occurs in which region of the digestive system?
Small intestine
What is NOT an anatomical feature to the small intestine to allow for increased surface area?
Small pits and glands within the mucosa
The epididymis will allow:
Sperm to maturate as they pass through
Chemical digestion of proteins begins in which region of the digestive system?
Stomach
The gallbladder's role within the digestive system is to:
Store and concentrate bile
What is secreted by the alveoli cells that prevent the lungs from collapsing between each breath by reducing surface tension?
Surfactant
Which statement is NOT true regarding the cardiac cycle?
Systole relates to when the ventricles are not contracting.
Which of the following is not found within semen?
Testosterone
Stroke volume is the measure of:
The amount of blood that is ejected from a ventricle with each contraction.
What statement is true regarding blood vessels?
The arteries typically carry oxygenated blood from away from the heart.
The contraction of the heart follows which sequence?
The atria contract together, then the ventricles contract together
Which statement is true regarding the circuits of the body and the heart?
The atria receive blood from the body circuits, while the ventricles pump blood to the body circuits.
Which of the following statements is true of the seminiferous tubules?
The cells inside of the seminiferous tubules produce sperm cells.
Which of the following statements is true of the female reproductive system?
The clitoris is the erectile tissue of the female reproductive system.
What statement is true regarding the cardiac conduction system?
The electrical activity generated by the cardiac conduction system correlates to the electrocardiogram measurement.
What is NOT true of the male and female urethras?>
The female's urethra is much shorter than a males and therefore doesn't have an external urethreal sphincter
Which is true regarding the small and large intestine?
The large intestine will absorb water from the remaining indigestible food.
Which statement about the lungs and bronchi is true?
The left lung has 2 lobes.
Which statement is true regarding the heart?
The papillary muscles are attached to the chordae
Which of the following is true of the pleura of the lungs?
The pleural cavity allows the lungs to expand and contract without friction.
Which of the following is true about the breathing process?
The pleural fluid allows the lungs to expand without friction in the thoracic cavity.
All of the following occur during pregnancy, EXCEPT:
The stomach enlarges allowing for more digestion to occur.
Which of the following statements is true of the male duct system?
The urethra is part of the male reproductive and urinary systems.
Which of the following statements is true of the vagina?
The vaginal orifice is found within the vestibule.
What is NOT true about urine formation?
The vasa recta blood vessels surround the loop of Henle (nephron loop) region of the renal tubules
Which of the following statements is true regarding the cardiac cycle?
The ventricles contract at the same time
Which of the following is true regarding the larynx?
The vestibular folds assist in closing the glottis to prevent food and water entering the trachea.
Which of the following statements is true regarding someone with B blood type?
There are B antigens found on the surface of these red blood cells.
Which of the following statements is true of the ovarian and uterine cycles?
There are multiple follicles that start to develop each month cycle.
What statement is NOT true of the testes?
There is only one spermatic cord for both testes
Which of the following is true of the intercalated discs?
They allow cardiac muscle cells to share nutrients and electrical impulses.
What statement is true of capillaries?
They allow for nutrient and gas exchange within the body
Which of the following statements is true of the nephrons?
They are the structural and function units of the kidneys.
What is true of the nephrons?
They are the structural and functional units of the kidneys
Which of the following is true of veins?
They start forming after blood travels through a capillary bed
An abnormal clot formation within a blood vessel is referred to as:
Thrombi
Which term best describes the normal amount of air that is brought into and out of the lungs during quiet or resting breathing?
Tidal volume
Which of the following valves are classified as "atrioventricular" valves?
Tricuspid and mitral valves
A rise in plasma osmolality stimulates the thirst sensation and increased secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
True
After ovulation the corpus luteum is formed from the remaining granulosa cells.
True
Aldosterone's main effect is the raise the blood pressure by increasing sodium ion absorption in the nephrons leading to increased water absorption and increased water volume?
True
Antibodies are specific to one type of epitope.
True
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) hormone will cause an increase secretion of sodium ions of body resulting in a decrease of blood pressure.
True
Atrial natriuretic peptide ultimately decreases blood pressure by increasing the excretion of sodium ions within the kidneys.
True
Atrial natriuretic peptide ultimately decreases blood pressure by increasing the excretion of sodium ions within the kidneys?
True
Blood entering the right atrium is deoxygenated.
True
Capacitation must occur first for the acrosomal reaction to occur.
True
Coagulation is the final step in the hemostasis process.
True
Edema is the accumulation of fluid in the interstitial fluid, not the intracellular fluid.
True
Electrolyte solutes concentration can influence water movement and water content within cells.
True
Electrolyte solutes concentration can influence water movement and water content within cells?
True
Embryonic development consists of the three germ layers forming and ultimately developing into all of the organs of the body.
True
Hyponatremia is usually corrected by a decrease in antidiuretic hormone?
True
If a condition causes an increase amount of carbonic acid due to an increase of carbon dioxide, the overall blood pH will decrease.
True
If glomerular filtration rate (GFR) increases, overall blood volume will decrease?
True
If the body is hyperventilating, releasing more carbon dioxide from the body than being produced, H+ ion concentration will decrease.
True
If the renal system increases its reabsorption of bicarbonate ions, an increase in the blood's pH levels would occur?
True
Luteinizing hormone within a male reproductive system directly influences testosterone production.
True
Luteinizing hormone within a male reproductive system directly influences testosterone production?
True
Plasma is found within the extracellular compartment.
True
Solutes, especially electrolytes, can change the plasma osmolality that influences the movement of water.
True
T Helper cells are involved in cellular and humoral immunity activation.
True
The SA node can influence cardiac output.
True
The SA node influences cardiac output.
True
The bronchial tree allows for passage of air and gasses to reach the alveolar sacs where gas exchange occurs.
True
The cephalic phase of gastric secretion can be stimulated by the sight, taste or even smell of food.
True
The cephalic phase of gastric secretion can be stimulated by the sight, taste or even smell of food?
True
The extracellular fluid is about 1/3 of the overall body water content.
True
The menstruation phase of the uterine cycle involves the breakdown of the functional layer (stratum functionalis) of the endometrium.
True
The mouth allows for the processes of both chemical and mechanical digestion.
True
The nasal conchae assist in the filtering and moistening incoming air within the nasal cavity.
True
The normal heart resting rate is set by the SA node but the overall heart rate can be speed up due to influences by the sympathetic nervous system.
True
The parasympathetic system will stimulate the digestive system activity and function?
True
The pulmonary arteries contain deoxygenated blood.
True
The thickest layer of large veins is the tunica externa.
True
The thoracic and pulmonary volumes both have the ability to increase.
True
The trachealis muscle is located on the posterior aspect of the trachea, facing the esophagus.
True
The ventricles are contracting when the heart is in the systolic phase.
True
The walls of the ureters contain smooth muscle to assist with the passage of urine from the kidneys to the bladder?
True
Tubular secretion of the urine formation allows for larger substances, such as drugs, to be excreted from the body?
True
When bicarbonate ions are lost from the body, the concentration of H+ ions increases.
True
Which of the following statements is NOT a function of lipids in the human body?
Used as the body's primary source of energy
What is NOT a function of lipids in our body?
Used as the bodys primary source of energy
Which term best describes the amount of air expelled from the lungs after a maximum inspiratory effort?
Vital capacity
Urine is mostly composed of:
Water
Which of the following choices is the correct pathway of the cardiac conduction system?
Which of the following choices is the correct pathway of the cardiac conduction system?
What is typically NOT seen in a healthy microscopic urine specimen observation?
White blood cells
Which of the following choices may indicate an infection if seen on a microscopic urine specimen observation?
White blood cells
If the breathing rate slowed and carbon dioxide levels increased within a body, the blood pH would:
Would become more acidic
This is the term given to a fertilized egg?
Zygote
The left ventricle:
pumps oxygenated blood to the body circuit
dub sound (s2)
semilunar valves closing
The large majority of nutrient absorption occurs in which region of the digestive system?
small intestine
The kidneys secrete a hormone that influences red blood cell production
true
The nephrons drain the filtrate into the minor and major calyxes that converge to form the renal pelvisand ultimately the ureter?
true
The thickest layer of an artery is the:
tunica media
The first step to hemostasis is:
vascular spasm
What is NOT a change to a mother's organ systems during pregnancy?
Decreased cardiac output
The last phase of labor and delivery involves:
Delivery of the placenta
This is the smallest region of the small intestine and receives the chyme, bile, and pancreatic juices?
Duodenum
