A&P 2 chapter 17-18

Define autorhythmicity. (Module 18.12A)

Autorhythmicity is the ability of the heart to contract without neural or hormonal stimulation

Why is RhoGAM administered to pregnant Rh‒ women ? (Module 17.8B)

RhoGAM contains anti-Rh antibodies, which circulate in the mothers' bloodstream to destroy any fetal RBCs there, thereby preventing the mother from making antibodies against the developing fetus's red blood cells

Describe the location and position of the heart. (Module 18.1A)

The heart is located near the anterior chest wall, directly behind the sternum

Comparing the left ventricle with the right ventricle, which of the following is true?

The left ventricle does more work than the right ventricle.

Which plasma protein is a major contributor to the osmotic pressure of plasma?

albumins

Define mediastinum. (Module 18.2A)

The mediastinum is the region between the two pleural cavities that contains the heart, along with the great vessels, thymus, esophagus, and trachea.

Which blood type(s) can be safely transfused into a person with type O- blood? (Module 17.7C)

They can receive only O- blood.

A person's blood type is determined largely by the

presence of specific glycoproteins on the cell membrane

Contractions of the papillary muscles

prevent the atrioventricular valves from reversing into the atria.

Which of the following is not a function of blood?

produce hormones

End Diastolic Volume (EDV)

Volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole ("preload")

As blood leaves the right ventricle, it passes through the ________ and then into the pulmonary trunk.

pulmonary valve

During ventricular systole, the

AV valves are closed

________ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced

anemia

During the isovolumetric contraction phase of ventricular systole, the

atrioventricular valves and semilunar valves are closed

White blood cells that release histamine at the site of an injury are

basophil

A substance that activates plasminogen might be useful to

cause clot dissolution to proceed faster

The P wave of the electrocardiogram is a signal from

depolarization of the atria.

Tissue factor (Factor III) is a factor in the ________ pathway.

extrinsic

A plasma protein essential for blood coagulation is

fibrinogen

________ transport(s) oxygen and CO2 in the RBCs

hemoglobin molecules

Which specific plasma proteins would you expect to be elevated during an infection? (Module 17.2C)

immunoglobulin

An obstruction in blood flow to the kidneys would ultimately result in

increased erythropoiesis

A patient's ECG recording shows a very long P-R interval. What is the cause of this abnormal wave pattern?

ischemia or insufficient blood flow

Which organ secretes most of the plasma proteins?

liver

All of the following are components of the cardiovascular system except

lymph vessels

From superficial to deep, name the layers of the heart wall. (Module 18.3A)

pericardium, myocardium, endocardium

Which of the following is not a component of plasma?

platelets

Blood flowing into the heart from the venae cavae flows next through the ________ valve

tricuspid

A faster-than-normal heart rate is called

tachycardia

End Systolic Volume (ESV)

Amount of blood remaining in each ventricle at the end of systole (contraction).

Below are some of the factors involved in the extrinsic clotting pathway. 1. calcium 2. tissue factor (III) 3. prothrombin 4. factor X 5. fibrin 6. clotting factor VII What answer corresponds to the correct order in which they occur from the time of tissue damage to the formation of a blood clot?

2, 1, 6, 4, 3, 5

Why can't a person with type A blood safely receive blood from a person with type B blood? (Module 17.7D)

A person with type A blood will have anti-B antibodies that will agglutinate with type B blood.

Bill wants to determine his blood type, so he takes a few drops of blood from a puncture wound in his finger and mixes it with various antisera. His blood cells agglutinate when mixed with the anti-A sera but not with the anti-B or anti-D sera. Which of the following is not true?

Bill could donate blood to an individual with type AB blood

Define cardiac cycle. (Module 18.9A)

Cardiac cycle is the period between the start of one heartbeat and the beginning of the next.

A hematocrit provides information on

formed elements abundance

Which of these descriptions best matches the term platelets?

adhere to collagen beneath endothelium

A person with Type A blood has

antigen A on the RBCs and anti-B antibodies in the plasma

Cardiac output can be increased by all of the following except

decreasing ejection fraction

Arteriosclerosis can lead to all of the following except

diabetes

Blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary circuit first enters the

left atrium

Cardiac output is increased by

more sympathetic stimulation, increased stroke volume, and increased end-diastolic volume

Which type of white blood cell would you find in the greatest numbers in an infected cut? (Module 17.9C)

neutrophil

Compare arteriosclerosis with atherosclerosis. (Module 18.8A)

Arteriosclerosis is any thickening and toughening of arterial walls; atherosclerosis is a type of arteriosclerosis characterized by changes in the endothelial lining and the formation of fatty deposits (plaque) in the tunica media.

Compare oxyhemoglobin with deoxyhemoglobin. (Module 17.5C)

Oxyhemoglobin is hemoglobin whose iron has bound oxygen. Deoxyhemoglobin is hemoglobin whose iron has not bound oxygen

Compare pernicious anemia with iron deficiency anemia. (Module 17.11A)

Pernicious anemia is insufficient red blood cell production caused by a deficiency in vitamin B12, whereas iron deficiency anemia is impaired hemoglobin synthesis caused by a deficiency in dietary intake or absorption of iron