A&P 2, Chapter 19

You are caring for an adult patient who weighs 48kg. What would be her approximate blood volume be?

B. 3.8L

The total volume of blood in the body of a 76-kg man is approximately _______ liters.

B. 5.3

Eosinophils function in

C. destroying antibody-labeled antigens

_______ are large phagocytic white cells that spend most of their time outside the blood as fixed and free phagocytic cells.

D. Monocytes

Each hemoglobin molecule contains

D. four iron atoms

A patient has an infected puncture wound to her foot. Which type of white blood cell would you expect to be elevated in a differential white cell count?

Neutrophils

During a bacterial infection you would expect to see increased numbers of

Neutrophils

Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone

C. erythropoietin

Thyroid-binding globulin is an example of which kind of plasma protein?

C. hormone-binding

Which of the following is not true of monocytes? A. can phagocytize bacteria B. enter tissues and wander C. become macrophages D. about same size as basophils E. are long lived

D. about same size as basophils

When checking the efficiency of gas exchange, it may be necessary to draw a blood sample from

D. an artery

All of the following, are true of neutrophils, except that they are A. active in fighting bacterial infections B. granular leukocytes C. important in coagulation D. also known as polymorphonuclear leukocytes E. phagocytic

C. important in coagulation

Non-specific immunity, such as phagocytosis, is a function of which blood cells?

D. neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes

The combination of plasma and formed elements is called

A. whole blood

Which of the following is a function of the blood? A. transport of nutrients and wastes B. transport of gases C. transport of body heat D. defense against toxins and pathogens E. All of the answers are correct

All of the answers are correct

Which of the following is true of basophils? A. granules contain histamine B. attract other defense cells C. granules contain heparin D. constitute about 1 percent of WBCs E. All of the answers are correct

All of the answers are correct

Which of the following is true of eosinophils? A. allergic patients have many B. have bilobed nucleus C. constitute about 2 to 4 percent of WBCs D. granules stain with eosin dyes E. All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct

Which of these descriptions best matches the term B lymphocytes? A. kill bacteria using hydrogen peroxide B. produce antibodies in response to antigens C. often elevated in allergic individuals D. adhere to collagen beneath endothelium E. helper cells are one type

B. produce antibodies in response to antigens

The developmental stage at which erythrocytes enter the circulation is as

Reticulocytes

Which organ secretes most of the plasma proteins?

liver

All the circulating red blood cells in an adult originate in the

red bone marrow

Granulocytes form in

red bone marrow

In adults, erythropoiesis exclusively takes place in

red bone marrow

In adults, the only site of red blood cell production, and the primary site of white blood cell formation, is the

red bone marrow

If bile ducts are blocked,

A) more bilirubin appears in the plasma.

Formed elements make up about what percentage of blood?

A. 45 percent

Anti-D antibodies are present in the blood of

A. Rh negative individuals who have been exposed to the D surface antigen

In which of the following situations would you expect the blood level of bilirubin to be elevated? A. an alcoholic with a damaged liver B. low blood volume C. iron-deficient diet D. low hematocrit E. during coagulation

A. an alcoholic with a damaged liver

Which of these descriptions best matches the term T lymphocytes? A. are involved in cell mediated immunity B. often elevated in allergic individuals C. adhere to collagen beneath endothelium D. kill bacteria using hydrogen peroxide E. produce antibodies in response to antigens

A. are involved in cell mediated immunity

White blood cells that release histamine at the site of an injury are

A. basophils

Mary is tested for the amount of hemoglobin in her blood. The test results indicate that her hemoglobin level is 16 g/dL of blood. This value indicates that

A. her hemoglobin level is normal

The most abundant component of plasma is

A. water

An infected wound contains typically contains A. tissue fluids. B. cellular debris. C. pus. D. dead neutrophils. E. All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct

The yellow color that is visible in the eyes and skin in jaundice results from A. destruction of hemoglobin B. excessive amounts of bilirubin in the plasma. C. the recycling of hemoglobin D. extensive breakdown of RBCs E. All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct

When a person who lives at sea level vacations in the Rocky Mountains, you would expect A. the release of erythropoietin B. an increase in red blood cell production C. a drop in oxygen levels D. a rise in hematocrit E. All of the answers are correct

All of the answers are correct

_______ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced.

Anemia

Which of the following statements concerning red blood cells is false? A. Red cells are specialized for carrying oxygen. B. Red cells are about µm in diameter. C. Red cells are biconcave discs. D. Red cells lack mitochondria. E. Red cells can form stacks called rouleaux.

B. Red cells are about µm in diameter.

Which of the following statements about blood is false? A. Blood is more viscous than water B. The normal pH of blood is 6.8 to 7.0 C. Blood is about 55 percent plasma. D. Blood contains buffers that control pH. E. Cells in blood comprise the formed elements.

B. The normal pH of blood is 6.8 to 7.0

Antigens of the surface of red blood cells are also called ________ and antibodies in the blood plasma are also called ________.

B. agglutinogens; agglutinins

Which of these is not one of the formed elements of blood? A. lymphocytes B. antibodies C. basophils D. RBCs E. platelets

B. antibodies

Blood type is identified primarily by

B. both the ABO and Rh blood groups.

The process of red blood cell production is called

B. erythropoiesis

A plasma protein essential for blood coagulation is

B. fibrinogen

Plasma proteins essential in body defense are the

B. immunoglobulins

An obstruction in blood flow to the kidneys would ultimately result in

B. increased erythropoiesis

Which of the following is not true of neutrophils? A. attracted to compliment-coated bacteria B. less abundant than lymphocytes C. can exit capillaries D. can make hydrogen peroxide E. can destroy bacteria

B. less abundant than lymphocytes

A person's blood type is determined largely by the

B. presence of specific glycoproteins on the cell membrane

The function of platelets is to assist in the

B. process called hemostasis.

Which of the following blood count values would be a sign of anemia? A. 10,000 WBC B. 5.5 million RBC C. 3.5 million RBC D. 400,000 platelets E. A and D taken together

C. 3.5 million RBC

Which plasma protein transports fatty acids and some hormones?

C. Albumin

Bill wants to determine his blood type, so he takes a few drops of blood from a puncture wound in his finger and mixes it with various antisera. His blood cells agglutinate when mixed with the anti-A sera but not with the anti-B or anti-D sera. This means

C. Bill's plasma contains B antibodies

A hormone that stimulates production of granulocytes and monocytes is

C. GM-CSF

Which of the following would you expect to see in increased numbers in a peripheral blood sample after donating a unit of blood?

C. Reticulocytes

Which of these descriptions best matches the function of platelets? A. helper cells are one type B. produce antibodies in response to antigens C. adhere to collagen beneath endothelium D. kill bacteria using hydrogen peroxide E. often elevated in allergic individuals

C. adhere to collagen beneath endothelium

After donating 0.5 liter of blood, one would expect

C. an increased reticulocyte count

Erythropoiesis is stimulated when

C. blood flow to the kidney declines.

The average life span of a red blood cell is

D. 4 months

Plasma composes about ________ percent of whole blood and water composes ________ percent of the plasma volume.

D. 55; 92

White blood cells that are increased in allergic individuals are the

D. eosinophils

The blood cells involved in specific immunity are the:

D. lymphocytes

Transferrin is an example of which kind of plasma protein?

D. metalloprotein

Which of the following combinations may result in the hemolytic disease of the newborn: A. mother Rh positive, baby Rh negative B. mother Rh negative, baby Rh negative C. mother type A+, baby type O+ D. mother Rh negative, baby Rh positive E. None of the answers are correct.

D. mother Rh negative, baby Rh positive

In case of hemorrhage, platelets are stored as a reserve in

D. the spleen

Which of these proteins functions to store or transport iron?

E. ferritin, hemosiderin, and transferrin

A hematocrit provides information on

E. formed elements abundance.

The most numerous white blood cells in peripheral circulation are the

Neutrophils

Type AB blood has which of the following characteristics: A. RBCs have both the A & B surface antigens and no ABO plasma antibodies B. RBCs have no surface antigens and both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the plasma C. RBCs have the A and the B surface antigens and the plasma has anti-A and anti-B antibodies. D. RBCs have the Rh positive antigens and the anti-D plasma antibodies. E. RBCs have the A antigen and the plasma has the anti-B antibody

A. RBCs have both the A & B surface antigens and no ABO plasma antibodies

The level of erythropoietin in the blood would rise due to all of the following, except A. during periods of fasting. B. when blood flow to the kidneys is disrupted. C. as a consequence of hemorrhage D. during anemia E. at high altitudes

A. during periods of fasting.

Plasma is closest in composition to

A. interstitial fluid

Most of the iron that is removed from degraded hemoglobin is

A. recycled to the red bone marrow.

A typical adult hematocrit is

E. 45

The most abundant proteins in blood plasma are

E. Albumins

In adults, red blood marrow is located in the A. body of vertebrae B. sternum and ribs C. iliac crest D. proximal epiphyses of long bones E. All of the answers are correct

E. All of the answers are correct

A genetically engineered hormone that stimulates the production of neutrophils is

E. G-CSF (Neupogen)

The disease sickle cell anemia is an example of what can happen if

E. a gene for adult hemoglobin is abnormal.

Whole blood for testing in a clinical laboratory is usually collected from

E. a superficial vein

Platelets are

E. cytoplasmic fragments of large cells

The waste product bilirubin is produced from

E. heme molecules lacking iron

Excess iron is stored in the liver and spleen as

E. hemosiderin and ferritin

A person who has a low blood volume is said to be

E. hypovolemic

Each heme ring in hemoglobin encloses an atom of

E. iron

_______ are immature erythrocytes that are present in the circulation.

Reticulocytes

The function of hemoglobin is to

C. carry dissolved blood gases.

The function of red blood cells is to

C. carry oxygen to the cells and then carry away carbon dioxide.

The chief difference between plasma and interstitial fluid involves the

C. concentration of proteins

The percent fraction of formed elements relative to whole blood is the

C. hematocrit

More than 95 percent of the protein in a red blood cell is

C. hemoglobin

Which of these descriptions best matches the term colony stimulating factor? A. often elevated in allergic individuals B. adhere to collagen beneath endothelium C. hormone that regulates blood cell formation D. helper cells are one type E. kill bacteria using hydrogen peroxide

C. hormone that regulates blood cell formation

Platelets are pinched off from giant multinucleated cells in the bone marrow called

C. megakaryocytes

The process of lymphopoiesis goes on in all of the following organs, except A. the lymph nodes B. the spleen C. the kidney D. the red bone marrow E. the thymus

C. the kidney

Consider these results from a blood lab test. Which value is most likely abnormal? A. RBCs-5.2 million/µl B. leukocytes-8600/µl C. hematocrit-44 percent D. hemoglobin-10.7 g/100 ml E. platelets-280,000/µl

D. hemoglobin-10.7 g/100 ml

A red blood cell that contains normal amounts of hemoglobin would be called

D. normochronic

Surgical removal of the stomach could cause

D. pernicious anemia

A bruise appears as a greenish spot in the skin because

D. the heme group in the hemoglobin has broken down into biliverdin

Each of the following is a characteristic of whole blood, except a A. pH of 7.4 B. deep red color from hemoglobin C. temperature of approximately 38 degrees Celsius D. viscosity about the same as water E. built-in system for clotting

D. viscosity about the same as water

Eileen is a strict vegan and therefore eats no animal products. She develops an anemia that her doctor thinks is caused by a nutritional deficiency. Which of the following is the likeliest candidate? A. lack of intrinsic factor B. vitamin B6 deficiency C. iron deficiency D. vitamin B12 deficiency E. vitamin K deficiency

D. vitamin B12 deficiency

Pernicious anemia caused by a lack of intrinsic factor is specifically treated by

E. injections of vitamin B12

Aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by macrophages in the

E. spleen, liver, and bone marrow

People with type AB blood are considered the "universal recipient" for transfusions because

E. their blood lacks A or B agglutinins

The most numerous WBCs in a differential count of a healthy individual are

Neutrophils