A&P 233 Digestive System
Why is the epithelium stratified in the esophagus
Abrasion protection and mucus lining
Describe the composition of pancreatic juice
Alkaline solution to help neutralize acid from stomach
What is the region containing 2 sphincters through which feces are expelled from the body
Anus
Outline the pathway of blood from the aorta through the small intestine to the liver and back to the inferior vena cava
Aorta--descending aorta--abdominal aorta--celiac trunk--common hepatic artery--gastroduodenal artery--hepatic artery--superior mesenteric artery----small intestine--superior mesenteric vein--hepatic portal vein--hepatic portal system--sinusoids--central vein--hepatic vein--inferior vena cava
What organ is a worm-like sac that out pockets from the cecum
Appendix
What types of structures do you see in the double peritoneal fold of the mesentery?
BV's, Lymphatic vessels, and nerves. These structures provide routes to reach the digestive system and hold organs in place.
What is the function of duodenal (Brunner's) glands
Brunner's glands secrete alkaline mucus which neutralizes chime from stomach
What is the gullet where no digestive or absorptive function takes place
Esophagus
What is the membrane that secures the tongue to the floor of the mouth
Frenulum
What are the 3 structures continues with & representing modifications of the peritoneum
Greater omentum, Lesser omentum, mesentery
What structure forms the bone-supported anterosuperior boundary of the oral cavity
Hard palate
What is the name of the sacculations of the large intestine
Haustra
What is the valve at the junction of the small and large intestines
Ileocecal valve
What is produced in the intestinal crypts
Intestinal juice, which carries fluid for absorption of nutrition from the chyme
What is a Kupffer cell and what function does it have
Kupffer cells are hepatic macrophages which remove debris
What organ absorbs water and forms feces
Large intestine
What organ is the principle site for the synthesis of vitamin K by microorganisms
Large intestine
What structure is attached to the lesser curvature of the stomach
Lesser omentum
What is a hepatocyte
Liver cell
Outline the pathway of bile from the bile duct in the portal triad of the liver to its entry into the duodenum
Liver portal triad--bile caniculae--legft/right common hepatic ducts--common hepatic ducts--common bile duct--bile sphincter--hepatopancreatic--ampulla vater--duodenum
What type of tissue makes up Payer's Patches and what are their function
Made of lymphoid follicles and lymphoid tissue. They prevent bacteria from entering the bloodstream
Name the structure that suspends the small intestine from the posterior body wall
Mesentery
What are the projections of the plasma membrane of a mucosal epithelial cell
Microvilli
What are the two regions that break down foodstuffs mechanically
Oral cavity & Stomach
What is the name of the serous lining of the abdominal cavity wall
Parietal peritoneum
What are the large collections of lymphoid tissue found in the submucosa of the small intestine?
Peyer's Patches
What is the conduit for both air and food?
Pharynx
What are the deep folds of the mucosa and submucosa that extend completely or partially around the circumference of the small intestine.
Plicae circulares
What is the function of the diffuse lymphatic tissue
Provides ideal surveillance site for lymphocytes & macrophages found in lamina of mucosa
What valve controls the movement of food from the stomach to the duodenum
Pyloric valve
What are the folds of the gastric mucosa called
Rugae
What is the function of chief or zymogenic cells
Secrete pepsinogen
What type of mucosa makes up the mucosa
Simple columnar absorptive cells
Where is the primary region of food and water absorption
Small Intestine
What organ is distal to the stomach
Small intestine
What organ is the site of the hepatopancreatic sphincter through which pancreatic secretions and bile pass
Small intestine
What structure forms the postereosuperior boundary of the oral cavity
Soft palate
What organ initiates protein digestion
Stomach
What is the mobile organ that manipulates food in the mouth and initiates swallowing
Tongue
What is the name of the area between the teeth, lips, and cheeks
Vestibule
Name the fingerlike extensions of the small intestinal mucosa that increases the surface area
Villi
What is the function of villi
Villi increase surface area for absorption and bear enzymes which complete the digestion of carbohydrates & proteins
What is the function of parietal cells
secrete HCL which catalyzes pepsinogen into pepsin & intrinsic factor
What is the function of the acinar cells
secretory cells surrounding ducts which produce pancreatic juice
