A&P CH. 12

Our senses of taste and smell work together. About _____% of our preceived flavor of food is derived from our sense of smell. 50-60 5-10 30-40 75-80

75-80

What is the function of lysozyme found in tear secretions? It is a mucus-like protein, aiding in lubrication of the eye. It is a buffer molecule that helps maintain the pH of the tears and the surface of the eye. It is a type of carbohydrate, providing fuel to the cells of the surface of the cornea. It is an anti-bacterial enzyme, reducing the risk of infection

It is an anti-bacterial enzyme, reducing the risk of infection

What is meant by the term referred pain? Pain felt in another body part due to misinterpretation by the brain. Chronic pain arising from overstretched muscles. Pain due to overstimulation of mechanoreceptors of the skin. Visceral pain that is sensed as coming from another body part.

Pain felt in another body part due to misinterpretation by the brain.

What is the function of the tensor tympani and stapedius muscles? To adjust the position of the tectorial membrane. To orient the ear structures in the direction of incoming sound. To stabilize the structures involved in dynamic equilibrium. To reduce the transfer of vibrations through the middle ear.

To reduce the transfer of vibrations through the middle ear.

The adjustment of the thickness of the lens to make close vision possible is called ______________ .

acomodation

Sensory receptors include photoreceptors. all of the above. chemoreceptors. mechanoreceptors.

all of the above

Binocular vision (two eyes) allows us to have stereoscopic vision. True False

false

The spiral organ contains receptor cells for the sense of: dynamic equilibrium. hearing. static equilibrium. taste.

hearing

The __________ is the ossicle that transmits vibrations to the inner ear through the oval window

stapes

What is the function of the auditory tube? Provides air-filled space for auditory ossicles to function Contains fluid which transmits vibrations to the spiral organ Conveys sound waves from the surrounding air into the ear Allows air passage from tympanic cavity to nasopharynx

Allows air passage from tympanic cavity to nasopharynx

The mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the anterior eyeball (except at the cornea) is called the _______.

Conjunctiva

List the structures of the eye that refract light. Check all that apply. Cornea Lens

Cornea Lens

Describe the term sensation. Results when the brain becomes aware of a stimulus. Process by which the brain allows us to determine the region of stimulation. Occurs as the brain analyzes and interprets an incoming signal.

Process by which the brain allows us to determine the region of stimulation.

The process by which the brain causes a sensation to seem to come from the stimulated receptors is called _____________

Projection

Light is refracted when it passes between media of the same optical density. between media of different optical densities at a right angle. into glass at a right angle. between media of different optical densities at an oblique angle.

between media of different optical densities at a right angle.

The malleus, incus, and stapes are: receptors for hearing, static equilibrium, and dynamic equilibrium. regions of the inner ear. types of mechanoreceptors. bones of the middle ear.

bones of the middle ear.

What is the structure within the eye that holds the lens in place? retina ciliary body iris choroid coat

ciliary body

The transparent, anterior portion of the eye's outer tunic is called the _________ .

cornea

The crista ampullaris houses the receptors for the sense of: dynamic equilibrium. hearing. taste. static equilibrium.

dynamic equilibrium

The sensation of pain can be reduced by several chemicals released within the nervous system. Identify these compounds. (Check all that apply.) enkephalins serotonin acetylcholine norepinephrine endorphins

enkephalins serotonin endorphins

List the cranial nerves that carry impulses associated with the sense of taste. Check all that apply. facial nerve (VII) trigeminal nerve (V) glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) vagus nerve (X) accessory nerve (XI)

facial nerve (VII) glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) vagus nerve (X)

Floaters are bowel movements that float due to a fatty diet. True False

false

In hyperopia, the eyeball is too short and the focal point is in front of the retina. True False

false

Olfactory receptors do not undergo adaptation. True False

false

Pain receptors readily adapt. True False

false

Receptors that are stimulated by changes in chemical concentrations are called thermoreceptors. True False

false

The lens consists of a capsule filled with clear fluid. True False

false

The stapes transmit vibrations to the round window of the inner ear. True False

false

With age, small crystals or clumps of gel may form in the vitreous humor of the eye that cast shadows on the retina. These tiny objects are called: cataracts floaters opsins cerumen

floaters

With age, small crystals or clumps of gel may form in the vitreous humor of the eye that cast shadows on the retina. These tiny objects are called: cerumen cataracts floaters opsins

floaters

Within the retina, the area of sharpest vision is the: optic disc fovea centralis retinal pigment epithelium

fovea centralis

Receptors for pain respond to extremes in temperature and pressure, and to tissue damage. Structurally, pain receptors are: free nerve endings. complex structures containing multiple nerve fibers. nerve fibers encased in connective tissue sheaths.

free nerve endings.

Our sense of touch involves receptors located throughout our skin. Because of this wide distribution of receptors, touch is considered one of the ______ senses. general special

general

In the rods of the retina, light absorption by the pigment rhodopsin triggers a series of reactions which results in the _____ of the cell membrane. depolarization hyperpolarization

hyperpolarization

The ________ _________ muscle rotates the eye away from the midline.

inferior oblique

The smooth muscles of the _____ regulate the diameter of the pupil. iris ciliary body cornea choroid coat

iris

Proprioceptors are a type of: chemoreceptor baroreceptor nociceptor mechanoreceptor

mechanoreceptor

Stretch receptors and baroreceptors are examples of: mechanoreceptors nociceptor thermoreceptors chemoreceptors

mechanoreceptors

Tactile (Meissner's) corpuscles and lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscles are classified as: thermoreceptors. mechanoreceptors. photoreceptors. chemoreceptors.

mechanoreceptors.

Touch and pressure stimulate the class of receptors called _____. The senses of taste and smell rely on ______. thermoreceptors; photoreceptors photoreceptors; chemoreceptors mechanoreceptors; thermoreceptors mechanoreceptors; chemoreceptors

mechanoreceptors; chemoreceptors

Stretch receptors include: (Check all that apply) muscle spindles Golgi tendon organs lamellated corpuscles tactile corpuscles spiral organs

muscle spindles Golgi tendon organs

As a group, ______ include receptors that are sensitive to various kinds of stimuli, including temperature changes, the presence of chemicals, and mechanical forces. mechanoreceptors chemoreceptors thermoreceptors nociceptors

nociceptors

Thermoreceptors are sensitive to temperature at the body's surface. Extremes in temperature also stimulate: mechanoreceptors chemoreceptors pain receptors photoreceptors

pain receptors

Taste buds are associated with bumps on the tongue called: conchae cupulae papillae ciliary bodies

papillae

The brain interprets input from sensory receptors as contraception. perception. sensation. reception.

perception.

Receptors for the special senses are found in the fingertips. primarily in the head. throughout the integumentary system. in internal organs.

primarily in the head.

Pain that feeels like it is coming from a part other than the part being stimulated is called ___________ pain.

referred pain

The bending of light waves as they pass from one medium to another of a different optical density is called:

refraction

Name the light-sensitive pigment in rods. iodopsin melanin cGMP rhodopsin

rhodopsin

The maculae are receptors for the sense of: vision. dynamic equilibrium. static equilibrium. hearing.

static equilibrium.

Someone with a cold that involves increased mucus secretions in the nasal cavity will find that both their sense of smell and their sense of _____ are affected. taste sight balance touch

taste

The structures of the middle and internal ear are found within the _______ bone.

temporal

Receptors stimulated by changes in temperature are called ____________ .

thermoreceptors

Rods are more sensitive to light than cones, but cones are important for color vision. True False

true

Taste cells are sensory neurons. True False

true

Taste receptors under go adaptation. True False

true

The auditory ossicles are in the inner ear. True False

true

When a receptor detects a stimulus, the size of the resulting receptor potential is dependent upon the intensity of the stimulus. True False

true

When all three sets of cones are stimulated, a person senses white light. True False

true

Receptors for the general senses are found in a few clusters. widely distributed throughout the body. only in the integumentary system. throughout the visceral organs.

widely distributed throughout the body.