A&P Ch. 17 & 18
Olfactory glands coat the olfactory epithelium with a pigmented mucus. group as olfactory bulbs. house the sense of smell. react to aromatic molecules. regenerate to form new olfactory epithelium.
coat the olfactory epithelium with a pigmented mucus.
During motion sickness, the brain receives conflicting signals regarding one's placement in space. Which of the following structures is least likely to be involved in motion sickness? sacule and utricle semicircular canals vestibulocochlear nerve cochlear duct
cochlear duct
Which of the following hormones increases production of red blood cells? atrial natriuretic peptide cortisol erythropoietin aldosterone thymosin
erythropoietin
Follicle cells in the ovary secrete ________ when stimulated by FSH. inhibin testosterone estrogen gonadotropins progesterone
estrogen
Which of the following descriptions best matches the term aqueous humor? converts to vitreous humor with age provides the liquid component of lacrimal secretions secreted in bright light gelatinous fluid that fills anterior chamber excessive production may lead to glaucoma
excessive production may lead to glaucoma
The consistent pattern of hormonal and physiological responses to stresses of different kinds is called ________ syndrome. afferent loop general adaptation Prader-Willi malabsorption serotonin
general adaptation
An infection that damages the vestibular nerve could result in a loss of hearing. hearing and equilibrium. equilibrium. olfaction. visual acuity.
equilibrium.
Which of the following is not an antagonistic hormone pair? glucagon; insulin leptin; thymosins aldosterone; atrial natriuretic peptide FSH; inhibin calcitonin; parathyroid hormone
leptin; thymosins
Which of the following description applies to the term myopia? farsightedness nearsightedness age-related decline in accommodation normal vision astigmatism
nearsightedness
Which of the following types of sensory information reaches the cerebral cortex directly? olfactory gustatory equilibrium visual hearing
olfactory
Olfactory receptors send axons through the cribriform plate. They synapse on neurons in the medial geniculate. cerebral cortex. medulla oblongata. olfactory bulb. olfactory tract.
olfactory bulb.
Melatonin is produced by the heart. thymus. skin. kidneys. pineal gland.
pineal gland.
A structure known as the corpus luteum secretes aldosterone. androstenedione. cortisone. progesterone. testosterone.
progesterone.
Sound waves are converted into mechanical movements by the round window. cochlea. tympanic membrane. oval window. auditory ossicles.
tympanic membrane.
The external acoustic meatus ends at the pinna. auditory ossicles. vestibule. cochlea. tympanic membrane.
tympanic membrane.
The external acoustic meatus ends at the tympanic membrane. pinna. cochlea. auditory ossicles. vestibule.
tympanic membrane.
________, or pinkeye, results from damage to or irritation of the conjunctival surface. Myopia Conjunctivitis Fuch's dystrophy Uveitis Glaucoma
Conjunctivitis
The anterior lobe of the pituitary is also known as the mesencephalon. neurohypophysis. infundibulum. adenohypophysis. basal ganglion.
adenohypophysis.
Two hormones that have opposing effects are called resistors. synergists. agonists. antagonists. adjuvants.
antagonists.
Identify the space labeled "1." vitreous chamber posterior chamber anterior chamber posterior cavity pupil
anterior chamber
The space between the cornea and the iris is the posterior chamber. aqueous humor. pupil. canal of Schlemm. anterior chamber.
anterior chamber.
What structure changes the shape of the lens for far and near vision? extrinsic eye muscles ciliary body iris aqueous humor None; the lens is rigid.
ciliary body
The shape of the lens is controlled by the pupillary sphincter muscles. iris. cornea. ciliary muscles. pupillary radial muscles.
ciliary muscles.
Which of the following lingual papillae has the largest number of taste buds? larynx circumvallate papillae pharynx fungiform papillae filiform papillae
circumvallate papillae
Vasopressin is a common term for this hormone. prolactin GH TSH oxytocin ADH
ADH
Changes in blood osmotic pressure would most affect the secretion of oxytocin. ACTH. TSH. ADH. LH.
ADH.
The posterior pituitary gland secretes ADH. TSH. MSH. ACTH. FSH.
ADH.
Hyposecretion of cortisol causes Addison's disease. diabetes insipidus. diabetes mellitus. Cushing's disease. goiter.
Addison's disease.
Too little secretion of cortisol and aldosterone causes diabetes insipidus. Addison's disease. goiter. Cushing's disease. diabetes mellitus.
Addison's disease.
Hormones can be divided into different groups based on their chemistry. These categories include peptides. amino acid derivatives. eicosanoids. steroids. All of the answers are correct.
All of the answers are correct.
Hormones can operate on the ________ level of organization. organ cellular tissue organismic All of the answers are correct.
All of the answers are correct.
In persons with untreated diabetes mellitus, blood glucose levels are very high. excessive thirst is shown. glucose is present in the urine in large amounts. a large excretion of urine occurs. All of the answers are correct.
All of the answers are correct.
The kidneys secrete hormones to regulate sodium ion concentration. calcitriol. erythropoietin. renin. All of the answers are correct.
All of the answers are correct.
The palpebrae cover and protect the eye. contain tarsal glands. are controlled by a cranial nerve. are lined with a conjunctiva. All of the answers are correct.
All of the answers are correct.
The purpose of the two small muscles, the tensor tympani and the stapedius, in the ear is to reduce damage to the earbones. protect the tympanic membrane. contract quickly when there is a loud sound. move the ossicles. All of the answers are correct.
All of the answers are correct.
________, or pinkeye, results from damage to or irritation of the conjunctival surface. Fuch's dystrophy Myopia Uveitis Conjunctivitis Glaucoma
Conjunctivitis
__________ provide information about __________, giving us the perception of color. Cones, the wavelength of arriving photons Rods, the wavelength of arriving photons Cones, the presence or absence of photons Rods, the presence or absence of photons
Cones, the wavelength of arriving photons
________ fills the membranous labyrinth. Perilymph Endoplasma Blood Endolymph Interstitial fluid
Endolymph
The pituitary hormone that promotes egg development in ovaries and sperm development in testes is TSH. ACTH. FSH. LH. GH.
FSH.
________ are chemical messengers that are released by cells and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues. Antigens Hormones Neurotransmitters Neuropeptides Humoral antibodies
Hormones
________ are chemical messengers that are released by cells and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues. Humoral antibodies Neurotransmitters Neuropeptides Antigens Hormones
Hormones
The pituitary hormone that promotes ovarian secretion of progesterone and testicular secretion of testosterone is ACTH. LH. GH. TSH. FSH.
LH.
________ deafness occurs because of a problem in the cochlea or somewhere along the auditory pathway. Vibrational Conductive Macular Mechanical Nerve
Nerve
Increased levels of the hormone ________ will lead to increased levels of calcium ion in the blood. aldosterone PTH calcitonin thymosin cortisol
PTH
Which of these signs is often seen in patients suffering from hyperthyroid disease? elevated heart rate elevated oxygen utilization elevated body temperature Patients with hyperthyroid disease often exhibit all of these signs.
Patients with hyperthyroid disease often exhibit all of these signs.
________ is a fluid similar to cerebrospinal fluid that fills the space between the bony labyrinth and the membranous labyrinth Endolymph Blood Interstitial fluid Perilymph Endoplasma
Perilymph
________ is a fluid similar to cerebrospinal fluid that fills the space between the bony labyrinth and the membranous labyrinth. Endoplasma Interstitial fluid Blood Perilymph Endolymph
Perilymph
The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is TSH. ACTH. FSH. LH. GH.
TSH.
Which of the following statements is true about the pancreas? The pancreas stores glucose, which can be released into the blood. The sole function of the pancreas is to produce hormones. The pancreas lies over the top of the stomach. The pituitary gland produces stimulating hormones that control the pancreas. The islets contain a variety of different cells producing different hormones.
The islets contain a variety of different cells producing different hormones.
The scala vestibuli and scala tympani contain a different fluid than the cochlear duct. What type of fluid does each chamber contain? (Figure 17-28) The scala vestibuli and scala tympani contain perilymph, the cochlear duct contains endolymph. The scala vestibuli and scala tympani contain vitreous humor; the cochlear duct contains aqueous humor. The scala vestibuli and scala tympani contain CSF; the cochlear duct contains otoliths. The scala vestibuli and scala tympani contain aqueous humor; the cochlear duct contains vitreous humor. The scala vestibuli and scala tympani contain endolymph, the cochlear duct contains perilymph.
The scala vestibuli and scala tympani contain perilymph, the cochlear duct contains endolymph.
________ sensations inform us of the position of the head in space by monitoring gravity, linear acceleration, and rotation. Nociceptor Gustatory Proprioceptor Olfactory Vestibular
Vestibular
________ sensations inform us of the position of the head in space by monitoring gravity, linear acceleration, and rotation. Olfactory Proprioceptor Vestibular Gustatory Nociceptor
Vestibular
The abnormality that develops when a lens loses its transparency is known as macular degeneration. glaucoma. Fuch's dystrophy. myopia. a cataract.
a cataract.
The abnormality that develops when a lens loses its transparency is known as macular degeneration. myopia. a cataract. glaucoma. Fuch's dystrophy.
a cataract.
Type II diabetes is characterized by a lack of response by target cells to insulin. inadequate insulin production. a decrease in secretion by pancreatic beta cells. low blood-glucose concentration. excessive secretion of glucagon.
a lack of response by target cells to insulin.
The first step in the process of photoreception is inhibition of the sodium pumps. the bleaching of rods. absorption of a photon by a visual pigment. release of neurotransmitter. the bleaching of cones.
absorption of a photon by a visual pigment.
Hormones can be divided into different groups based on their chemistry. These categories include all of the following except eicosanoids. peptides. steroids. acetylcholine derivatives. amino acid derivatives.
acetylcholine derivatives.
During dehydration the body would increase production of epinephrine and cortisol. epinephrine and ADH. aldosterone and cortisol. aldosterone and ADH. cortisol and ADH.
aldosterone and ADH.
Reduction of fluid losses at the kidneys due to the retention of Na+ is the action of aldosterone. calcitonin. antidiuretic hormone. cortisone. oxytocin.
aldosterone.
Reduction of fluid losses at the kidneys due to the retention of Na+ is the action of calcitonin. aldosterone. oxytocin. antidiuretic hormone. cortisone.
aldosterone.
Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) made the news as an anabolic steroid used by athletes, but also as a drug that became associated with "date rapes" because of its sedative properties. Which of the following may play a role wherein physiological effect takes place when ingesting GHB? interactions with other hormones sensitivity of the target cell the level of stress experienced at the time of ingestion all of the above
all of the above
Compared the endocrine system, the nervous system is __________. briefer in action more rapidly acting more localized in action all of the listed characteristics
all of the listed characteristics
Compared the endocrine system, the nervous system is __________. more rapidly acting briefer in action more localized in action all of the listed characteristics
all of the listed characteristics
In glaucoma, increasing pressure due to fluid build-up in the chambers of the eye can lead to nerve damage and ultimately lead to blindness. What is the name of the fluid in the anterior chamber? optic fluid lacrimal fluid aqueous humor vitreous humor
aqueous humor
All of the following are true of steroid hormones except that they are derived from cholesterol. are lipids. are produced by the adrenal medulla. bind to receptors within the cell. are produced by reproductive glands.
are produced by the adrenal medulla.
An irregularity in curvature in the cornea or lens, called ________, causes a reduction in visual acuity. macular degeneration corneal atrophy a cataract astigmatism glaucoma
astigmatism
The effects of this hormone oppose aldosterone. inhibin oxytocin atrial natriuretic peptide ADH renin
atrial natriuretic peptide
The heart secretes the hormone oxytocin. atrial natriuretic peptide. thyroxine. thymosin. progesterone.
atrial natriuretic peptide.
The heart secretes the hormone progesterone. atrial natriuretic peptide. thymosin. thyroxine. oxytocin.
atrial natriuretic peptide.
The structure that supports the organ of Corti is the tectorial membrane. basilar membrane. membranous labyrinth. tympanic membrane. vestibular duct.
basilar membrane.
The ________ is a region of dense bone that surrounds and protects the membranous labyrinth. auditory canal ossicle sella turcica bony labyrinth membranous labyrinth
bony labyrinth
The ________ is a region of dense bone that surrounds and protects the membranous labyrinth. bony labyrinth membranous labyrinth auditory canal ossicle sella turcica
bony labyrinth
Steroid hormones are transported in the blood dissolved in the plasma. are proteins. bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells. act on target cells by activating second messenger cascades. cannot diffuse through cell membranes.
bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells.
Parathyroid hormone does all of the following except stimulate the formation and secretion of calcitriol at the kidneys. inhibit osteoblast activity. build up bone. enhance the reabsorption of calcium at the kidneys. stimulate osteoclast activity.
build up bone.
A hormone that can lower blood levels of calcium ion is parathyroid hormone. glucagon. thyroxine. calcitonin. oxytocin.
calcitonin.
A hormone that can lower blood levels of calcium ion is thyroxine. glucagon. parathyroid hormone. oxytocin. calcitonin.
calcitonin.
Increased levels of the hormone ________ will lead to decreased levels of calcium ion in the blood via inhibition of ________. thymosin; osteocytes calcitonin; osteoclasts cortisol; osteoblasts aldosterone; osteoclasts PTH; osteocytes
calcitonin; osteoclasts
Type 2 diabetes is associated with an immune reaction to the pancreatic cells. is typically diagnosed in the very young. is not as common as type 1 diabetes. is a lack of insulin production. can usually be controlled by diet and exercise rather than with medication.
can usually be controlled by diet and exercise rather than with medication.
The secretion commonly called earwax is produced by ________ glands. lacrimal ceruminous sebaceous tarsal eccrine
ceruminous
The human lens focuses light on the photoreceptor cells by moving in and out. moving up and down. dilating and constricting. opening and closing. changing shape.
changing shape.
Photoreceptors that convey our ability to see color are amacrine cells. rods. bipolar cells. cones. horizontal cells.
cones.
The ________ covers most of the exposed surface of the eye. anterior chamber cornea iris conjunctiva canthus
conjunctiva
The ________ covers most of the exposed surface of the eye. iris conjunctiva cornea anterior chamber caruncle
conjunctiva
A ray of light entering the eye will encounter the following structures in which order? -vitreous body → retina → choroids → aqueous humor → lens → conjunctiva → cornea -cornea → aqueous humor → vitreous body → lens → conjunctiva → choroids → retina -conjunctiva → cornea → aqueous humor → lens → vitreous body → retina -conjunctiva → cornea → lens → aqueous humor → vitreous body → retina -cornea → aqueous humor → conjunctiva → lens → vitreous body → retina → choroid
conjunctiva → cornea → aqueous humor → lens → vitreous body → retina
Pupillary muscle groups are controlled by the ANS. Parasympathetic activation causes pupillary ________, and sympathetic activation causes ________. dilation; dilation constriction; dilation dilation; constriction constriction; constriction vasoconstriction; vasoconstriction
constriction; dilation
The transparent portion of the fibrous tunic is the cornea. conjunctiva. pupil. canthus. iris.
cornea.
The outer layer of the suprarenal gland is the stroma. medulla. cortex. interstitial tissue. capsule.
cortex.
The suprarenal cortex produces steroid hormones called corticosteroids. somatotropins. prostaglandins. androgens. leukotrienes.
corticosteroids.
Which hormone may be prescribed in chronic inflammatory disorders such as Lupus? calcitonin androgens insulin cortisol aldosterone
cortisol
Olfactory organs are located in the nasal cavity inferior to the perforated bony structure known as the cribriform plate. zygomatic process. sella turcica. vomer. sphenoid bone.
cribriform plate.
Inability of the pancreas to produce insulin results in acromegaly. Addison's disease. diabetes mellitus. goiter. diabetes insipidus.
diabetes mellitus.
The hypothalamus acts as both a neural and a(n) ________ organ. hepatic cardiovascular renal muscular endocrine
endocrine
Relative movement of the __________ in the semicircular ducts signals rotation of the head. perilymph ampulla endolymph paralymph
endolymph
The adrenal medulla produces the hormones androgens and progesterone. epinephrine and norepinephrine. corticosterone and testosterone. synephrine and neosynephrine. norcortisol and cortisol.
epinephrine and norepinephrine.
The adrenal medulla primarily secretes dopamine. epinephrine. cortisol. norepinephrine. aldosterone.
epinephrine.
The function of the auditory tube is to provide a passageway for sound waves to enter the ear. redistribute endolymph after hearing a sound. amplify sounds. help maintain equilibrium. equalize air pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane.
equalize air pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane.
The exhaustion phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is characterized by an increase in urine output. an increasing ability to produce glucose from glycogen. failure of electrolyte balance. increased pumping effectiveness of the heart. a sharp increase in motivation and energy.
failure of electrolyte balance.
The exhaustion phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is characterized by increased pumping effectiveness of the heart. a sharp increase in motivation and energy. an increase in urine output. increasing ability to produce glucose from glycogen. failure of electrolyte balance.
failure of electrolyte balance.
The "white" of the eye is part of the __________ layer. vascular inner fibrous The "white" of the eye is part of all of the listed layers.
fibrous
The cornea is part of the neural layer. iris. fibrous layer. uvea. choroid.
fibrous layer.
An area of the retina that contains only cones and is the site of sharpest vision is the optic disc. tapetum lucidum. inner segment. fovea. outer segment.
fovea.
An area of the retina that contains only cones and is the site of sharpest vision is the optic disc. tapetum lucidum. outer segment. inner segment. fovea.
fovea.
All of the following are true of the nervous system except that it does not respond rapidly to stimuli. respond specifically to stimuli. communicate by the release of neurotransmitters. function independently of the endocrine system. respond with motor output.
function independently of the endocrine system.
Excess secretion of growth hormone during early development will cause rickets. dwarfism. acromegaly. gigantism. diabetes insipidus.
gigantism.
When blood glucose levels fall, protein synthesis increases. calcitonin is secreted. insulin is released. glucagon is released. peripheral cells take up more glucose.
glucagon is released.
When blood glucose levels fall, protein synthesis increases. calcitonin is secreted. peripheral cells take up more glucose. glucagon is released. insulin is released.
glucagon is released.
Alpha cells are to ________ as beta cells are to ________. glucagon; insulin somatostatin; insulin glucagon; somatostatin insulin; glucagon pancreatic polypeptide; insulin
glucagon; insulin
Cushing's disease results from an excess of ADH. glucocorticoids. growth hormone. epinephrine .parathyroid hormone.
glucocorticoids.
Hormones that dominate during the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) are the androgens. glucocorticoids. gonadotropins. mineralocorticoids. catecholamines.
glucocorticoids.
Some athletes use GHB to enhance their lean body muscle mass. GHB, however, does not have a direct effect on muscle growth. Which hormone would most likely be stimulated by GHB to exert its anabolic effect? progesterone growth hormone prolactin testosterone
growth hormone
Which of the following hormones may lead to acromegaly if hypersecreted after closure of the epiphyseal plates? growth hormone epinephrine cortisol parathyroid hormone insulin
growth hormone
Which of the following hormones may lead to acromegaly if hypersecreted after closure of the epiphyseal plates? parathyroid hormone epinephrine insulin cortisol growth hormone
growth hormone
The sense of taste is also known as gustation. sublation. olfaction. maculation. expiation.
gustation.
The sense of taste is also known as maculation. proprioception. sublation. gustation. olfaction.
gustation.
All of the following are terms describing the epithelial projections found on the tongue except ________ papillae. fungiform lingual circumvallate filiform gustatory
gustatory
A person suffering from ________ can see distant objects more clearly than those that are close. myopia hyperopia emmetropia presbyopia diplopia
hyperopia
The brain region that exerts the most direct effects on the endocrine system is the __________. hypothalamus pons mesencephalon thalamus
hypothalamus
The brain region that exerts the most direct effects on the endocrine system is the __________. pons thalamus mesencephalon hypothalamus
hypothalamus
Mental and physical sluggishness and low body temperature may be signs of hyperparathyroidism. diabetes insipidus. hypothyroidism. hypoparathyroidism. hyperthyroidism.
hypothyroidism.
Mental and physical sluggishness and low body temperature may be signs of hypothyroidism. hypoparathyroidism. hyperthyroidism. hyperparathyroidism. diabetes insipidus.
hypothyroidism.
The condition known as seasonal affective disorder (SAD) may be caused by increased levels of melanin. decreased levels of testosterone. increased levels of melatonin. increased levels of melanocyte-stimulating hormone. increased levels of gonadotrophins.
increased levels of melatonin.
The main action of antidiuretic hormone is inhibition of aldosterone. increased blood pressure by increased Na+ reabsorption. increased water conservation by kidneys. increase urine output to remove excess fluid. to stimulate kidney cells to secrete renin.
increased water conservation by kidneys.
The main action of antidiuretic hormone is to stimulate kidney cells to secrete renin. inhibition of aldosterone.increased blood pressure by increased Na+ reabsorption. increase urine output to remove excess fluid. increased water conservation by kidneys.
increased water conservation by kidneys.
The parathyroid glands produce a hormone that increases the level of calcium ions in the blood. stimulates the formation of white blood cells. increases the level of sodium ions in the blood. increases the level of glucose in the blood. increases the level of potassium ions in the blood.
increases the level of calcium ions in the blood.
The parathyroid glands produce a hormone that increases the level of sodium ions in the blood. increases the level of glucose in the blood. increases the level of potassium ions in the blood. increases the level of calcium ions in the blood. stimulates the formation of white blood cells.
increases the level of calcium ions in the blood.
The beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce somatostatin. glucagon. insulin. peptide P. cortisol.
insulin.
The beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce somatostatin. peptide P .cortisol. glucagon. insulin.
insulin.
Calcitriol is secreted by the kidneys to promote calcium absorption along the intestines. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) causes release of calcium from bone matrix. These actions are examples of __________ between hormones. synergistic effects permissive effects integrative effects All of the listed responses are correct.
integrative effects
In persons with untreated diabetes mellitus all of the following are true, except a large excretion of urine occurs. glucose is present in the urine in large amounts. excessive thirst is shown. intracellular and tissue levels of glucose is very high. blood glucose levels are very high.
intracellular and tissue levels of glucose is very high.
Which of the following elements is necessary for the production of thyroid hormone? iron sodium potassium iodine colloid
iodine
Thyroid hormone contains the element zinc. iodine. chlorine. fluorine. iron.
iodine.
What structure regulates the amount of light that passes to the photoreceptors of the eye? cornea lens iris ciliary muscle vitreous body
iris
The part of the eye that determines eye color is the canal of Schlemm. pupil. iris. cornea. conjunctiva.
iris.
Poorly managed diabetes can adversely affect which organ(s)? eyes kidneys, eyes, nerves, heart and blood vessels nerves heart and blood vessels kidneys
kidneys, eyes, nerves, heart and blood vessels
Taste buds on the tongue are often associated with epithelial projections called ganglion cells. ampulla. pharyngeal papillae. macula. lingual papillae.
lingual papillae.
Taste buds on the tongue are often associated with epithelial projections called lingual papillae. pharyngeal papillae. ganglion cells. ampulla. macula.
lingual papillae.
During the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS), levels of insulin decrease. lipid reserves are mobilized. blood glucose levels fall drastically. proteins are conserved. levels of growth hormone decrease.
lipid reserves are mobilized.
Which of the following might occur in an overdose of insulin? high blood glucose polyuria glycosuria low blood glucose ketoacidosis
low blood glucose
Which of the following might occur in an overdose of insulin? polyuria ketoacidosis high blood glucose low blood glucose glycosuria
low blood glucose
As light passes through the cornea and lens, it is directed onto the __________, a region of the retina that contains only __________. macula, cones macula, rods optic disc, cones optic disc, rods
macula, cones
The inner portion of the suprarenal gland is the medulla. stroma. interstitial tissue. capsule. cortex.
medulla.
Your friend has been taking a cocktail of hormone supplements in an effort to gain a competitive edge during an upcoming marathon. You tell him that this is unhealthy and illegal. But it also gets you thinking about what might be in this cocktail? Which of the following is NOT a likely ingredient? erythropoietin (EPO) melatonin testosterone growth hormone (GH)
melatonin
Your friend has been taking a cocktail of hormone supplements in an effort to gain a competitive edge during an upcoming marathon. You tell him that this is unhealthy and illegal. But it also gets you wondering what might be in this cocktail. Which of the following is NOT a likely ingredient? growth hormone (GH) erythropoietin (EPO) testosterone melatonin
melatonin
During the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS), there is mobilization of energy reserves. decreased mental alertness. decreased rate of respiration. increased urine release. decreased blood flow to skeletal muscles and skin.
mobilization of energy reserves.
Dietary deficiency of vitamin A is likely to cause altered depth perception. color blindness. retinitis pigmentosa. retinal detachment. night blindness.
night blindness.
All of the pancreatic hormones are regulated by the adenohypophysis. the liver. the thyroid gland. the neurohypophysis. nutrient concentrations in the blood.
nutrient concentrations in the blood.
The function of gustatory receptors parallels that of mechanoreceptors in the ear. Meissner corpuscles. olfactory receptors. lamellated corpuscles. light receptors in the eye.
olfactory receptors.
Gustatory receptors are located on the surface of the tongue. in the eye. in the nose. in the ear. on the skin.
on the surface of the tongue.
The hair cells of the cochlear duct are located in the ossicles. saccule. crista ampullaris. utricle. organ of Corti.
organ of Corti.
The ________ ear collects sounds waves and transmits them to the ________ ear, which contains auditory ossicles. outer; inner inner; middle middle; inner outer; middle superficial; deep
outer; middle
The hormone(s) that may be slowly administered by intravenous drip to accelerate labor and delivery is/are luteinizing hormone. both oxytocin and luteinizing hormone. prolactin. none; only extra fluids are needed. oxytocin.
oxytocin.
Before the discovery of these glands, thyroid surgery often led to a rapid drop in blood calcium levels, which triggered muscle contractions and cardiac arrhythmias. What glands are these and which hormone is lacking? parathyroid glands; calcitonin parathyroid glands; levothyroxine thyroid glands; levothyroxine parathyroid glands; parathyroid hormone thyroid glands; calcitonin
parathyroid glands; parathyroid hormone
The hormone that does the opposite of calcitonin is insulin. glucagon. growth hormone. parathyroid hormone. thyroid hormone.
parathyroid hormone.
Which of the following is not one of the six primary taste sensations? sweet salty umami sour peppery
peppery
Which of the following is not one of the six primary taste sensations? sweet umami peppery sour salty
peppery
Stimulation of nociceptive receptors within the trigeminal nerve might produce a perception of intensely sweet. quite salty. bitter. peppery hot. intensely sour.
peppery hot.
When one hormone is needed for a second hormone to produce an effect, it is called a reflex. permissive. an aftereffect. a radical. a causatum.
permissive.
The space between the iris and ciliary body and the lens is the anterior chamber. vitreous body. posterior chamber. canal of Schlemm. pupil.
posterior chamber.
The space between the iris and the lens is the scleral venous sinus. pupil. vitreous body. posterior chamber. anterior chamber.
posterior chamber.
Diabetes insipidus occurs when the __________ lobe of the pituitary gland no longer releases __________. anterior; ACTH posterior; ADH anterior; ADH posterior; ACTH
posterior; ADH
A type of farsightedness that results from a loss of lens elasticity with age is myopia. hyperopia. emmetropia. presbyopia. diplopia.
presbyopia.
Milk production is stimulated by ________, milk ejection is stimulated by ________. somatomedin; MSH MSH; somatomedin LH; FSH oxytocin; prolactin prolactin; oxytocin
prolactin; oxytocin
Growth hormone does all of the following except spare glucose. promote bone growth. promote cortisol release. promote muscle growth. promote amino acid uptake by cells.
promote cortisol release.
The opening in the iris through which light passes is the anterior chamber. posterior chamber. conjunctiva. pupil. cornea.
pupil.
The opening in the iris through which light passes is the pupil. posterior chamber. cornea. conjunctiva. anterior chamber.
pupil.
There are three different types of cones, each one sensitive to different light energies. These cones are designated red, white, blue. red, green, yellow. red, green, blue. red, yellow, blue. yellow, red, blue.
red, green, blue.
There are three different types of cones, each one sensitive to different light energies. These cones are designated red, white, blue. red, yellow, blue. yellow, red, blue. red, green, yellow. red, green, blue.
red, green, blue.
Endocrine cells are a type of nerve cell. release their secretions directly into body fluids such as blood. are modified connective-tissue cells. contain few vesicles .release their secretions onto an epithelial surface.
release their secretions directly into body fluids such as blood.
Endocrine cells are modified connective tissue cells. release their secretions onto an epithelial surface. are a type of nerve cell.contain few vesicles. release their secretions directly into body fluids such as blood.
release their secretions directly into body fluids such as blood.
Which problem is related to untreated diabetes mellitus? gastric ulcers damage to the retina neuropathy retinal problems and nerve problems goiter
retinal problems and nerve problems
Photoreceptor cells that are most useful in dim light are horizontal cells. rods. bipolar cells. amacrine cells. cones.
rods.
Gravity and linear acceleration are sensed in the spiral organ. scala tympani. semicircular canals. saccule and utricle. cochlea.
saccule and utricle.
The cochlear duct lies between which two structures? basilar and tectorial membranes ganglion cells and the cochlear nerve scala vestibuli and scala tympani utricle and saccule vestibule and semicircular canals
scala vestibuli and scala tympani
Which of these is NOT one of the three layers of the eye? vascular layer scleral layer fibrous layer inner layer
scleral layer
An abnormal blind spot appearing in vision is called a(n) chalazion. scotoma. sty. astigmatism. cataract.
scotoma.
When you spin quickly, you may feel dizzy. Which component of the inner ear generates the sensations that can lead to this feeling? spiral organ semicircular canals ossicles otoliths maculae
semicircular canals
The olfactory receptors are highly modified epithelial cells. interneurons. motor neurons. sensory neurons. neuroglial cells.
sensory neurons.
Increased aggressive and assertive behavior is associated with an increase in which of the following hormones? growth hormone thyroxine sex hormones somatostatin insulin
sex hormones
Movement of the endolymph in the semicircular canals signals rotational movements. allows us to hear low tones. signals linear acceleration. produces a rushing sound. signals body position with respect to gravity.
signals rotational movements.
Aldosterone stimulates the reabsorption of __________ and the excretion of __________. calcium ions, sodium ions potassium ions, calcium ions sodium ions, potassium ions water, sodium ions
sodium ions, potassium ions
Aldosterone stimulates the reabsorption of __________ and the excretion of __________. calcium ions, sodium ions water, sodium ions sodium ions, potassium ions potassium ions, calcium ions
sodium ions, potassium ions
Gustatory receptors are found in __________. the cochlea the skin the retina some lingual papillae
some lingual papillae
The external ear does NOT include the __________. external acoustic meatus stapes tympanic membrane auricle
stapes
The structure attached to the oval window that transmits vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear is the auditory tube. malleus. incus. basilar membrane. stapes.
stapes.
To which of the following muscles is the indicated tendon attached? inferior oblique muscle superior oblique superior rectus lateral rectus
superior oblique
Choose the correct word from each pairing: The lacrimal gland is located (inferior, superior) and (lateral, medial) to the eye. (Figure 17-4) inferior; lateral superior; medial superior; lateral inferior; medial
superior; lateral
The ________ gland sits along the superior border of the kidney. suprarenal androgen adipose renal pineal
suprarenal
Two hormones that have additive effects are called antagonists. resistors. synergists. adjuvants. agonists.
synergists.
Two hormones that have additive effects are called antagonists. resistors. synergists. agonists. adjuvants.
synergists.
TSH plays a key role in the ________ of thyroid hormones. synthesis and release release inhibition inhibition and secretion synthesis
synthesis and release
TSH plays a key role in the ________ of thyroid hormones. synthesis and release release synthesis inhibition inhibition and secretion
synthesis and release
Cells that respond to a hormone are called ________ cells. pluripotent germ stem peripheral target
target
Cells that respond to a hormone are called ________ cells. stem target pluripotent peripheral germ
target
The structure that forms the "roof" of the organ of Corti is the stapedius. endolymph. basilar membrane. tectorial membrane. perilymph.
tectorial membrane.
Our inner ear is protected from very loud noises by cerumen in the auditory canal. contraction of the auditory tube. the stapedius reducing movement of the stapes. the tensory tympani stiffening the tympanic membrane and the stapedius reducing movement of the stapes. the tensor tympani stiffening the tympanic membrane.
the tensory tympani stiffening the tympanic membrane and the stapedius reducing movement of the stapes.
Thyroxine and calcitonin are secreted by the gonads. pituitary gland. thyroid gland. kidneys. heart.
thyroid gland.
Thyroxine and calcitonin are secreted by the thyroid gland. pituitary gland. gonads. heart. kidneys.
thyroid gland.
Why might someone want to take erythropoietin in a non-medical situation? to increase the chance of getting pregnant to increase sex drive to sleep to increase oxygen-carrying capacity and increase stamina to increase muscle mass
to increase oxygen-carrying capacity and increase stamina
The ________ convey(s) information about head position with respect to gravity. saccule ampulla cochlea utricle utricle and the saccule
utricle and the saccule
The gelatinous material that gives the eyeball its basic shape is the ora serrata. aqueous humor. posterior cavity. perilymph. vitreous humor.
vitreous humor.
The gelatinous material that gives the eyeball its basic shape is the ora serrata. perilymph. vitreous humor. posterior cavity. aqueous humor.
vitreous humor.
When all three cone populations are stimulated equally, we perceive red. white. blue. green. black.
white.