A&P Ch 18.1-18.2 HW

Hypersecretion of growth hormone during childhood can lead to a condition called _________, while hyposecretion can lead to a disorder called ___________. a. gigantism; pituitary dwarfism b. pituitary dwarfism; acromegaly c. chronic hyperglycemia; gigantism d. acromegaly; gigantism

a. gigantism; pituitary dwarfism

Dehydration is detected by osmoreceptors in the __________. a. hypothalamus b. anterior pituitary c. posterior pituitary d. kidney e. cerebellum

a. hypothalamus

The axons of the neurosecretory neurons extend through the infundibulum, forming the _____________. a. hypothalamohypophysial duct b. hypothalamohypophysial portal system c. hypothalamohypophysial tract d. infundibular portal system

c. hypothalamohypophysial tract

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is released by the __________. a. hypothalamus b. anterior pituitary c. posterior pituitary d. kidney e. cerebellum

c. posterior pituitary

Damage to the anterior pituitary gland would affect the secretion of which hormone(s)? Select all that apply. cortisol, estrogen or testosterone, prolactin, oxytocin, calcitonin, antidiuretic hormone, thyroid hormone, melatonin

cortisol, estrogen or testosterone, prolactin, thyroid hormone

Match the following hormones with the appropriate location they are secreted from.

posterior pituitary- antidiuretic hormone, oxytocin anterior pituitary- thyroid-stimulating hormone, prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone

Indicate which of the effects describe either hypersecretion or hyposecretion of pituitary gland hormones. dwarfism, acromegaly, obesity, thickened skin, impaired development, gigantism, hyperglycemia, enlarged tongue

hyper secretion- gigantism, hyperglycemia, enlarged tongue, acromegaly, thickened skin hyposecretion- impaired development, dwarfism, obesity

Complete the sentences regarding the mechanism of release for ADH. Then, arrange the sentences to correctly order the events of the negative feedback mechanism. 1. the impulses from the hypothalamus travel along the ____________ in the hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract. 2. The osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus sense ____________ osmolarity in the plasma. 3. ADH targets the kidney to ____________ water. 4. The neurosecretory cells of the ____________ fire impulses in response to the change in osmolarity. 5. ADH is released from synaptic endings in the ____________ pituitary.

1. The osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus sense increased osmolarity in the plasma. 2. The neurosecretory cells of the hypothalamus fire impulses in response to the change in osmolarity. 3. The impulses from the hypothalamus travel along the infundibulum in the hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract. 4. ADH is released from synaptic endings in the posterior pituitary. 5. ADH targets the kidney to retain water.

Indicate whether each statement is true or false. 1. Neurohormones are released from the anterior pituitary into the primary capillary network. 2. In response to releasing hormones, the anterior pituitary releases hormones that enter the secondary capillary network. 3. From the secondary capillary network, hormones are carried in the general circulation to the target tissues. 4. From the secondary capillary network, hormones are carried in the general circulation to the target tissues.

1. false 2. true 3. true 4. false

Match the hormone secreted by the hypothalamus with its associated effect on the anterior pituitary gland. 1. Stimulates the release of growth hormone 2. Decreases the release of growth hormone 3. Stimulates secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone 4. Stimulates secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone 5. Stimulates luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormone 6. Decreases the secretion of prolacti

1. growth hormone- releasing hormone 2. growth hormone- inhibiting hormone 3. thyrotropin- releasing hormone 4. corticotropin- releasing hormone 5. gonadotropin- releasing hormone 6. prolactin- inhibiting hormone

Insert the correct word to complete each sentence. 1. releasing hormones and inhibiting from the hypothalamus pass through the...to reach the anterior pituitary 2. releasing hormones from the hypothalamus...the release of hormones by the anterior pituitary 3. inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus...the release of hormones from the anterior pituitary 4. in response to hormones from the hypothalamus, the anterior pituitary may release hormones into the...capillary network

1. hypothalamohypophysial portal system 2. stimulate 3. inhibt 4. secondary

Match the hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary with its effect. 1. growth hormone 2. thyroid-stimulating hormone 3. follicle-stimulating hormone 4. adrenocorticotropic hormone 5. lipotropins 6. melanocyte-stimulating hormone 7. luteinizing hormone 8. prolactin

1. increased growth in tissues 2. thyroid hormone secretion 3. follicle maturation and estrogen secretion 4. glucocorticoid hormone secretion 5. fat breakdown 6. melanin production 7. ovulation and progesterone production 8. milk production in lactating women

Check all of the following which are necessary for proper understanding of the functionality of the endocrine system. 1. location and response of the target tissue 2. glandular anatomy and location 3. consequences of hormone hyper and hyposecretion 4. osmolarity of the blood 5. size of an effector 6. types of hormone secreted from each gland

1. location and response of the target tissue 2. glandular anatomy and location 3. consequences of hormone hyper and hyposecretion 6. types of hormone secreted from each gland

Match the endocrine regulatory function with its action. 1. Regulates the rate of nutrient utilization and energy production 2. Regulates the level of satiation (fullness) 3. Regulates Na+, K+, and Ca2+ levels in the blood 4. Regulates the solute concentration of the blood 5. Regulates contractions during childbirth 6. Stimulates milk release in lactating females 7. Controls the production of immune cells

1. metabolism 2. control of food intake 3. ion regulation 4. water balance 5. uterine contractions 6. lactation 7. immune system

Which of the following scenarios is most analogous to the functional nature of tropic hormones? 1. a student asks a professor a question regarding an assignment 2. a supervisor assigns a task to a group of employees 3. a mother tells a child to finish their dinner 4. a supervisor tasks an employee with a project assigned to him by his/her supervisor

4. a supervisor tasks an employee with a project assigned to him by his/her supervisor

Indicate which of the following describe regulatory functions of the endocrine system. 1. preparation of the body for physical activity 2. regulation of water balance by controlling the solute concentration of the blood 3. regulation of metabolic rate 4. regulation of heart rate and blood pressure 5. neural processing of sensory input 6. regulation of skeletal muscle contraction strength 7. regulation of satiation and the breakdown of food into individual nutrients 8. regulation of equilibrium and balance from the inner ear 9. developmental and functional control of the reproductive system 10. regulation of blood glucose levels

1. preparation of the body for physical activity 2. regulation of water balance by controlling the solute concentration of the blood 3. regulation of metabolic rate 4. regulation of heart rate and blood pressure 7. regulation of satiation and the breakdown of food into individual nutrients 9. developmental and functional control of the reproductive system 10. regulation of blood glucose levels

Match the target tissue with the hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. 1. thyroid-stimulating hormone 2. growth hormone 3. follicle-stimulating hormone 4. adrenocorticotropic hormone 5. lipotropins 6. melanocyte-stimulating hormone 7. luteinizing hormone

1. thyroid gland 2. most tissues 3. follicles in ovaries; seminiferous tubules 4. adrenal cortex 5. fat tissues 6. melanocytes in the skin 7. ovaries in females; testes in males

Indicate whether each is true or false with regards to tropic hormones. 1. Tropic hormones stimulate the secretion of other hormones from target tissues. 2. Tropic hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. 3. Tropic hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary gland. 4.Tropic hormones can control the growth of target tissues.

1. true 2. true 3. false 4. true

Match each of the pituitary hormones with the appropriate function. ____________: Causes kidneys to retain water; raises blood pressure ____________ : Promotes the secretion of sex hormones from the gonads ____________ : Stimulates egg or sperm production ____________ : Stimulates the release of hormones from the adrenal cortex ____________ : Stimulates the secretion of thyroid hormones ____________ : Stimulates the production of milk ____________ : Stimulates the rate of mitosis; promotes bone growth ____________ : Stimulates contraction of uterine wall muscles; stimulates smooth muscle in milk-secreting glands

ADH, LH, FSH, ACTH, TSH, PROLACTIN, GH, OXYTOCIN

Hormones secreted by the hypothalamus travel through the hypothalamohypophysial portal system from the ________ to the ___________. a. hypothalamus; anterior pituitary gland b. hypothalamus; posterior pituitary gland c. hypothalamohypophysial tract; anterior pituitary gland d. hypothalamohypophysial tract; posterior pituitary gland

a. hypothalamus; anterior pituitary gland

Which is not an accurate description of the pituitary gland? a. it is divided functionally into the superior and inferior pituitary glands b. it is connected to the brain, just inferior to the hypothalamus c. it is roughly 1 cm in diameter d. it weighs approximately .5-1.0 g

a. it is divided functionally into the superior and inferior pituitary glands

ADH helps to conserve water during dehydration. a. true b. false

a. true

ADH travels to its target cells via the bloodstream. a. true b. false

a. true

The endocrine system is a system of ductless glands that secrete their products into the interstitial fluid; the products then diffuse into the blood. a. true b. false

a. true

Put the following events in the correct order regarding hypothalamic control of the posterior pituitary. a. the neurohormones pass through the circulatory system and influence the activity of their target tissues b. action potentials are conducted by the axons hypothalamic neurons through the hypothalamohypophysial tract to the posterior pituitary. the axon endings of neurons store neurohormones in the posterior pituitary c. in the posterior pituitary gland, action potentials cause the release of neurohormones (blue circles) from axon terminals into the circulatory system d. stimuli within the nervous system cause hypothalamic neurons to either increase or decrease their action potential frequency.

d, b, c, a

Put the following events in order regarding hypothalamic control of the hormone secretion from the posterior pituitary gland. a. in the posterior pituitary, action potentials cause the release of neurohormones from axon terminals b. neurohormones pass through the circulatory system and affect target tissues c. action potentials travel through axons from hypothalamic neurons through the hypothalamohypophysial tract d. nervous system stimuli causes the hypothalamic neurons to increase action potential frequency

d, c, a, b

ADH functions to a. increase urine volume output and cause blood vessel dilation. b. increase urine volume output and cause blood vessel constriction. c. decrease urine volume output and cause blood vessel dilation. d. decrease urine volume output and cause blood vessel constriction. e. decrease urine volume output, but has no effect on blood vessels.

d. decrease urine volume output and cause blood vessel constriction.

Which of the following is not necessary to understand how the endocrine system regulates body functions? a. the names and locations of the endocrine glands b. the hormone(s) secreted by each gland c. the mechanism of action for each hormone d. the size of each effector organ

d. the size of each effector organ

The posterior pituitary secretes __________. a. chiasmatic hormones b. tropic hormomes c. transcriptional hormomes d. interstitial hormones e. neurohormones

e. neurohormones

Which of the following is not a function of LH? a. Stimulates ovulation b. Stimulates the synthesis of testosterone c. Support for sperm cell production d. Stimulates secretion of progesterone e. stimulates secretion of the uterus

e. stimulates secretion of the uterus

Label the structures that surround the pituitary gland. (top to bottom left, top to bottom right)

mammillary body, infundibulum, posterior pituitary hypothalamus, optic chiasm, anterior pituitary

Drag the appropriate label to the endocrine organs shown. (top to bottom)

thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, thymus gland, adrenal gland, pancreas, ovary, testis