A&P Ch 4 Organ Systems

The primary functions of the nervous system are

(1) communication between body functions, (2) integration of body functions, (3) control of body functions, and (4) recognition of sensory stimuli.

The endocrine system produces what functions?

(1) communication, (2) integration, and (3) control (which are the same functions as the nervous system). In addition, the hormones regulate growth, metabolism, reproduction, fluid electrolyte balance, acid-base balance, and metabolism.

List the 11 major organ systems of the body.

(1) integumentary, (2) skeletal, (3) muscular, (4) nervous, (5) endocrine, (6) cardiovascular (circulatory), (7) lymphatic, (8) respiratory, (9) digestive, (10) urinary, and (11) reproductive systems.

Identify and associate the major organs of the Reproductive system—

(male) testes, vas deferens, urethra, prostate, penis, scrotum; (female) ovaries, uterus, uterine tubes, vagina, vulva, mammary glands

Define organ and organ system.

An organ is a structure made up of two or more kinds of tissues, organized in such a way that the tissues can perform complex functions. An organ system is a group of organs arranged in such a way that together they can perform a more complex function than can any one organ alone

How is the skin able to assist in the body's ability to regulate temperature?

Body temperature can be regulated by sweating.

Female reproductive system

Consists of ovaries, uterus, uterine (fallopian) tubes, vagina, vulva, and mammary glands. Primary functions are to produce egg cells, receive sperm, permit fertilization, transfer fertilized ovum to uterus, allow for development of embryo and fetus, facilitate birth, and nourish offspring.

Male reproductive system

Consists of testes, vas deferens, prostate, penis, and scrotum. Primary functions are to produce sperm cells and transport them to the female reproductive tract.

Name the integumentary system organs that help rid the body of waste. What type of waste does each organ remove?

Skin eliminates water and some salts in sweat

What is the function of tendons?

Tendons are bands or cords of fibrous connective tissue that attach a muscle to a bone or other structure, which aids in movement and stability.

Give examples of the stimuli to which the skin organs can respond.

The body can respond to pain, pressure, touch, and temperature change.

What are some of the differences between the lymphatic and cardiovascular systems?

The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, which acts as a pump; arteries; veins; and capillaries, all of which are part of a closed system that supplies blood to the body.

Name the Urinary system organs that help rid the body of waste. What type of waste does each organ remove?

The kidneys continually clean and filter the blood. The waste product the kidneys produce is urine, which flows out of the kidneys through the ureters into the urinary bladder, where it is stored before finally leaving the body through the urethra. Lungs rid the body of carbon dioxide.

Name the Digestive system organs that help rid the body of waste. What type of waste does each organ remove?

The primary organs and the secondary organs of the digestive system work together to insure proper utilization of nutrients. Primary organs—mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anal canal. Accessory organs—teeth, salivary glands, tongue, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and appendix. Food that enters the gastrointestinal tract is digested, its nutrients are absorbed, and the undigested residue is eliminated from the body as waste material called feces.

Besides bone, what other types of tissues are included in the skeletal system?

The skeletal system includes related tissues such as cartilage and ligaments, which provide a framework for support and protection.

Describe the major functions of the lymphatic system

a subdivision of the circulatory system. It does not contain blood, but rather lymph, which is formed from the fluid surrounding body cells and diffused into lymph vessels. The major functions of the lymphatic system are the movement of fluid and immunity. It has a critical role in the defense of the body against disease.

Describe the major functions of the nervous system

allows a person to communicate with the environment, recognize sensory stimuli, and integrate and control the body.

Unlike ___________, lymph does not circulate repeatedly through a closed circuit.

blood

Identify and associate the major organs of the Skeletal system—

bones, joints

Identify and associate the major organs of the Nervous system—

brain, spinal cord, nerves

The nervous system is composed of the ___________________________.

brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sense organs.

Describe the major functions of the digestive system

breaks down food by mechanical and chemical means, absorbs nutrients, and excretes solid waste.

Describe the major functions of the urinary system

cleans waste products from blood and forms urine. It also maintains electrolyte balance, water balance, and acid-base balance. In males, the urethra has both urinary and reproductive functions.

An organ system is a group of organs arranged in such a way that together they perform a more ________________than can any one organ alone.

complex function

Describe the major functions of the respiratory system

exchanges oxygen from the air for the waste product carbon dioxide, filters irritants from the inspired air, warms and moistens inspired air, and assists with the regulation of acid-base balance.

Identify and associate the major organs of the Circulatory system—

heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries)

The endocrine glands secrete chemicals known as _____________(message carriers) directly into the blood,

hormones

Identify and associate the major organs of the Urinary system—

kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

The lymph vessels are filled with ___________, which contains lymphocytes, protein, and some fatty molecules.

lymph fluid

Identify and associate the major organs of the Lymphatic system—

lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, tonsils, thymus, spleen

Lymph flows through the ______________, entering the circulatory system through the large ducts, including the thoracic duct.

lymphatic vessels

Describe the major functions of the muscular system

makes body movement possible, maintains posture, and produces heat.

Identify and associate the major organs of the Digestive system—

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anal canal, teeth, salivary glands, tongue, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, appendix

Identify and associate the major organs of the Muscular system—

muscles

Whereas the __________ system provides rapid, brief control by fast-traveling nerve impulses, the ___________ system provides slower but longer-lasting control by hormone secretion.

nervous, endocrine

Identify and associate the major organs of the Respiratory system—

nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

Identify and associate the major organs of the Endocrine system—

pituitary gland, pineal gland, hypothalamus, thyroid gland, parathyroids, thymus, adrenals, pancreas, ovaries, testes

The endocrine system is composed of specialized glands:

pituitary, pineal, hypothalamus, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, adrenal, pancreas, ovaries, and testes.

Describe the major functions of the reproductive system

produces sex cells, facilitates the transfer of sex cells for fertilization to occur, permits development and birth of offspring, nourishes offspring, and produces sex hormones.

Describe the major functions of the endocrine system

secretes hormones into the blood that communicate, integrate, and control other body mechanisms such as growth, metabolism, reproduction, and fluid and electrolyte balance.

Identify and associate the major organs of the Integumentary system—

skin, hair, nails, sense receptors, sweat glands, oil glands

Describe the major functions of the skeletal system

supports and protects, makes movement possible (with joints), stores minerals, and forms blood cells.

Describe the major functions of the integumentary system

supports and protects, regulates body temperature, synthesizes chemicals, and acts as a sense organ.

Describe how the nervous system functions

the nervous system functions are accomplished by rapid nerve impulses (message carriers) of short duration, which result in precise control of diverse body functions.

An organ is a structure made up of two or more kinds of _______, organized in such a way that together these tissues perform a more complex function than can any one tissue alone.

tissues

The lymphatic system is composed of lymph, nodes, lymphatic vessels, and specialized organs such as the _____________________.

tonsils, thymus, and spleen

Describe the major functions of the circulatory system

transports substances through the body, regulates body temperature, and assists with immunity.