A&P Ch 4 review (KAS)
44)All of the following statements refer to events of tissue repair. Put the events in proper numbered order according to the sequence of occurrence. The initial event, the injury, is already indicated as number one. 1. The skin receives a cut that penetrates into the dermis and bleeding begins. 2. Epithelial regeneration is nearly complete. 3. Granulation tissue is formed. 4. Blood clotting occurs and stops the blood flow 5. The scar retracts. 6. Macrophages engulf and clean away cellular debris. 7. Fibroblasts elaborate connective tissue fibers to span the break.
Answer: 1-4-3-7-6-5-2
22) The fiber type that gives connective tissue great tensile strength is ________. A) collagen B) reticular C) muscle D) elastic
Answer: A
23)Which of the following is a single-celled layer of epithelium that forms the lining of serous membranes? A) simple squamous B) simple transitional C) simple columnar D) simple cuboidal
Answer: A
29) Which of the following statements is true of connective tissue? A) Collagen fibers provide high tensile strength. B) When connective tissue is stretched, collagen gives it the ability to snap back. C) Reticular fibers form thick, ropelike structures. D) Elastin fibers are sometimes called white fibers.
Answer: A
37) Multicellular exocrine glands can be classified ________. A) functionally into merocrine, holocrine, and apocrine divisions B) structurally into alveolar and acinar types C) structurally into vascular and avascular types D) functionally into secreting or nonsecreting types
Answer: A
5) The first step in tissue repair involves ________. A) inflammation B) formation of scar tissue C) replacement of destroyed tissue by the same kind of cells D) proliferation of fibrous connective tissue
Answer: A
What are glycosaminoglycans? A) negatively charged polysaccharides B) positively charged proteins C) positively charged polysaccharides
Answer: A
Match the following: 106) Embryonic connective tissue that arises from mesoderm and produces all types of connective tissues. A) Mesenchyme B) Hyaline cartilage
Answer: A) Mesenchyme
Match the following: 99) Source of new cells in mature connective tissue.
Answer: A) Mesenchyme
Match the regeneration capacity of the following tissues: 109) Tendons and ligaments. A) Moderate regenerative ability B) Weak regenerative ability
Answer: A) Moderate regenerative ability
Match the regeneration capacity of the following tissues: 97) Smooth muscle.
Answer: A) Moderate regenerative ability.
Match the following: 105) The epithelial membrane that lines body cavities open to the exterior.
Answer: A) Mucous membrane
Match the following: 98) Found lining the digestive and respiratory tracts.
Answer: A) Mucous membrane
Match the following: 111) Forms internal supporting framework of soft organs such as the spleen. A) Reticular tissue B) Elastic cartilage
Answer: A) Reticular tissue
Match the following: 100) The epithelial membrane that lines the closed ventral cavities of the body. A) Serous membrane B) Endothelium
Answer: A) Serous membrane
Match the following: 96) Makes up the pleura and pericardium.
Answer: A) Serous membrane
61) Since mature adipocytes do not divide, how can adults gain weight?
Answer: Adipocytes contain a fat-filled vacuole that can fill or empty, causing the cell to gain or lose volume.
59) ________ tissue forms the framework for the lamina propria of mucous membranes.
Answer: Areolar or loose connective:
1) Chondroblasts ________. A) located deep to the perichondrium divide and secrete new matrix on the internal portions of the cartilage B) within the cartilage divide and secrete new matrix C) never lose their ability to divide D) are mature cartilage cells located in spaces called lacunae
Answer: B
11)Glands, such as the thyroid, that secrete their products directly into the blood rather than through ducts are classified as ________. A) exocrine B) endocrine C) ceruminous D) sebaceous
Answer: B
18) Select the correct statement regarding adipose tissue. A) Mature adipose cells are highly mitotic. B) Its primary function is nutrient storage. C) It is composed mostly of extracellular matrix. D) Most of the cell volume is occupied by the nucleus.
Answer: B
20)The reason that intervertebral discs exhibit a large amount of tensile strength to absorb shock is because they possess ________. A) elastic fibers B) collagen fibers C) hydroxyapatite crystals D) reticular fibers
Answer: B
25) Which of the following is true about epithelia? A) Pseudostratified epithelia are commonly keratinized. B) Endothelium provides a slick surface lining all hollow cardiovascular organs. C) Stratified epithelia are associated with filtration. D) Simple epithelia are commonly found in areas of high abrasion.
Answer: B
30) Inability to absorb digested nutrients and secrete mucus might indicate a disorder in which tissue? A) transitional B) simple columnar C) stratified squamous D) simple squamous
Answer: B
32) What tissue has lacunae, calcium salts, and blood vessels? A) cartilage tissue B) osseous tissue C) fibrocartilaginous tissue D) areolar tissue
Answer: B
33) The shape of the external ear is maintained by ________. A) hyaline cartilage B) elastic cartilage C) adipose tissue D) fibrocartilage
Answer: B
34) Which tissue type arises from all three embryonic germ layers? A) muscle tissue B) epithelial tissue C) nervous tissue D) connective tissue
Answer: B
35)In adults, new surface epithelial cells and the epithelial cells lining the intestine are derived from_________. A) mitotic division of existing epithelial cells B) stem cells C) components of the connective tissue D) underlying epithelial cells
Answer: B
4) Which of these is not considered connective tissue? A) cartilage B) muscle C) blood D) adipose
Answer: B
7) Epithelial tissue ________. A) is usually acellular B) has a basement membrane C) is highly vascularized D) contains a number of neuron types
Answer: B
9) What feature characterizes simple columnar epithelium of the digestive tract? A) fibroblasts B) dense microvilli C) a rich vascular supply D) cilia
Answer: B
Match the following: 110) Structural support of the external ear and other structures that need support with flexibility. A) Reticular tissue B) Elastic cartilage
Answer: B) Elastic cartilage
Match the following: 101) Lines blood vessels and the heart. A) Serous membrane B) Endothelium
Answer: B) Endothelium
Match the following:107) Forms much of the fetal skeleton and covers the articular surfaces of long bones. A) Mesenchyme B) Hyaline cartilage
Answer: B) Hyaline cartilage
Match the regeneration capacity of the following tissues: 108) Skeletal muscle. A) Moderate regenerative ability B) Weak regenerative ability
Answer: B) Weak regenerative ability
50) How is blood unique among connective tissues?
Answer: Blood does not give mechanical support, its matrix is fluid, the cells are loose, the fibers are soluble, it carries nutrients, waste products, and other substances, and it attaches to several gasses.
116) A 45-year-old woman is admitted to the hospital for surgical removal of a tumor on her thyroid gland. The surgeon informs her that she will have only a very small scar. How could this be possible?
Answer: By making a thin incision, the amount of granulation (scar-forming) tissue will be minimal. As the scar tissue beneath matures and contracts, the layer of epithelium thickens and resembles the adjacent tissue. The final result may be only a fine white line
12) An epithelial membrane ________. A) is formed of epithelium and smooth muscle B) usually involves transitional epithelium C) contains simple or stratified epithelia and a basement membrane D) never contains mucus-forming cells
Answer: C
13) Which is true concerning muscle tissue? A) cuboidal shape enhances function B) is a single-celled tissue C) highly cellular and well vascularized D) contains contractile units made of collagen
Answer: C
17) Cell types likely to be seen in areolar connective tissue include all except ________. A) macrophages B) mast cells C) chondrocytes D) fibroblasts
Answer: C
19) Which of the following is not found in the matrix of cartilage but is in bone? A) organic fibers B) lacunae C) blood vessels D) live cells
Answer: C
27)________ epithelium appears to have two or three layers of cells, but all the cells are in contact with the basement membrane. A) Stratified columnar B) Transitional C) Pseudostratified columnar D) Stratified cuboidal
Answer: C
3) Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium ________. A) is not an epithelial classification B) possesses no goblet cells C) lines the respiratory tract D) aids in digestion
Answer: C
31) Mammary glands exhibit a glandular type called ________. A) simple tubular B) compound tubular C) compound alveolar D) simple alveolar
Answer: C
39)Which of the following would be of most importance to goblet cells and other glandular epithelium? A) lysosomes B) microvilli C) Golgi bodies D) multiple nuclei
Answer: C
54) ________ live in the lacunae of cartilage.
Answer: Chondrocytes
Match the following: 103) Consists of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
Answer: Cutaneous membrane
10) A multilayered epithelium with cuboidal basal cells and flat cells at its surface would be classified as ________. A) transitional B) simple cuboidal C) simple squamous D) stratified squamous
Answer: D
15) What are the three main components of connective tissue? A) collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers B) alveoli, fibrous capsule, and secretory cells C) fibroblasts, chondroblasts, and osteoblasts D) ground substance, fibers, and cells
Answer: D
16) Matrix is composed of ________. A) cells and fibers B) all organic compounds C) ground substance and cells D) fibers and ground substance
Answer: D
2) Select the correct statement regarding tissue repair. A) Granulation tissue is another name for a blood clot. B) The clot is formed from dried blood and transposed collagen fibers. C) Granulation tissue is highly susceptible to infection. D) Inflammation causes capillaries to dilate and become permeable.
Answer: D
21) Select the correct statement regarding factors that affect the tissue repair process. A) The health of an individual does not seem to make any difference in the speed of repair. B) The type of tissue injured is not an important factor. C) Nutrition does not seem to influence tissue repair. D) The age of the person is a factor in the repair process.
Answer: D
24) Mesenchymal cells are most commonly found in ________ connective tissue. A) dense regular B) reticular C) areolar D) embryonic
Answer: D
26)Organized groups of cells (plus their intercellular substances) that have a common purpose form a(n) ________. A) organism B) organ system C) organ D) tissue
Answer: D
28) Which cells are commonly found wedged between simple columnar epithelial cells? A) cilia B) mast cells C) macrophages D) goblet cells
Answer: D
36) Which statement best describes connective tissue? A) usually lines a body cavity B) primarily concerned with secretion C) always arranged in a single layer of cells D) usually contains a large amount of matrix
Answer: D
38) How is hyaline cartilage different from elastic or fibrocartilage? A) It is more vascularized. B) It contains more nuclei. C) It has more elastic fibers. D) Fibers are not normally visible.
Answer: D
40) Select the correct statement regarding the cells of connective tissue. A) Chondroblasts are the main cell type of connective tissue proper. B) Connective tissue does not contain cells. C) Connective tissue cells are nondividing. D) "Blast" cells are undifferentiated, actively dividing cells.
Answer: D
41) Select the correct statement regarding multicellular exocrine glands. A) Compound glands are so called because they are constructed from more than one cell type. B) Merocrine glands release their secretion by pinching off part of the cell. C) Exocrine glands always lack ducts. D) The secretory cells of holocrine glands release their product by rupturing.
Answer: D
6) Select the correct statement regarding epithelia. A) Pseudostratified epithelia consist of at least two layers of cells stacked on top of one another. B) Stratified epithelia are tall, narrow cells. C) Simple epithelia form impermeable barriers. D) Stratified epithelia are present where protection from abrasion is important.
Answer: D
8) Which of the following is true about the mode of secretion of exocrine glands? A) Holocrine cells are slightly damaged by the secretory process, but repair themselves. B) Apocrine cells are destroyed, then replaced, after secretion. C) These glands are ductless. D) Merocrine glands are not altered by the secretory process.
Answer: D
42) Explain what is meant by epithelial tissue being avascular but innervated.
Answer: Epithelial tissue contains no blood vessels but is supplied by nerve fibers.
112)In adult humans, most cancers are carcinomas or adenocarcinomas. These include cancers of the skin, lung, colon, breast, and prostate. Which of the four basic tissue types is involved? Why do you think this is so?
Answer: Epithelium gives rise to most cancers. This is probably because epithelial cells divide more, leading to more opportunity for damage to growth control mechanisms, and because epithelia are more often in contact with environmental insults such as ultraviolet radiation and carcinogens.
TRUE/FALSE. 72)Achilles was wounded by damage to the tendon connecting his calf muscles to his heel. This and all tendons are composed mainly of dense irregular connective tissue.
Answer: False
TRUE/FALSE. 73) A major characteristic of fibrocartilage is its unique amount of flexibility and elasticity.
Answer: False
TRUE/FALSE. 75)Connective tissues that possess a large quantity of collagen fibers often provide the framework for organs such as the spleen and lymph nodes.
Answer: False
TRUE/FALSE. 78) Endocrine glands are often called ducted glands.
Answer: False
TRUE/FALSE. 80)The basic difference between dense irregular and dense regular connective tissues is in the amount of elastic fibers and adipose cells present.
Answer: False
TRUE/FALSE. 81) Most connective tissues have regenerative capacity, while most epithelial tissues do not.
Answer: False
TRUE/FALSE. 83) Sweat glands are apocrine glands.
Answer: False
TRUE/FALSE. 84) Endothelium covers and lines internal cavities such as the pleural and peritoneal cavities.
Answer: False
TRUE/FALSE. 86) Salivary glands exhibit simple tubuloalveolar glandular arrangement.
Answer: False
TRUE/FALSE. 87) Intercalated discs and striations are found in skeletal muscle.
Answer: False
TRUE/FALSE. 92)Stratified cuboidal epithelium is moderately rare in the body and found only in the pharynx, larynx, and anorectal junction.
Answer: False
TRUE/FALSE. 93) Nervous tissue consists mainly of neurons and collagen fibers.
Answer: False
TRUE/FALSE. 94)Merocrine glands produce their secretions by accumulating their secretions internally and then rupturing the cell.
Answer: False
113) Explain why an open wound would need a bed of granulation tissue for wound healing to occur.
Answer: Granulation tissue contains capillaries that grow in nearby areas and lay down a new capillary bed. This means the wound bed has a meshwork of capillaries that provide oxygen-rich blood to the wound for healing.
60) How is epithelial tissue the opposite of connective tissue?
Answer: In epithelial tissue the cells are packed together very tightly. Epithelial tissue is avascular. Epithelial tissue has three cell types that cover or line things and make tubes. Epithelial tissue has no fibers and it tends to be polar. Connective tissue has cells spaced far apart and is highly vascular (except cartilage). The cells of connective tissue vary greatly in shape and size. Connective tissue glues other tissues together and has three fiber types. Connective tissue tends to be nonpolar. Connective tissue has a large amount of ground substance; epithelial tissue does not.
115) Without macrophages, wound healing is delayed. Why?
Answer: Macrophages are large, irregularly shaped cells that act as key defenders that avidly phagocytize a broad variety of foreign materials, ranging from foreign molecules to entire bacteria to dust particles. This "big eater" also disposes of dead tissue cells, which helps to clean out the wound, allowing for granulation tissue to form.
Match the regeneration capacity of the following tissues: 104) Areolar connective tissue.
Answer: Regenerates extremely well
55) ________ muscle cells are multinucleated.
Answer: Skeletal
51)What is a simple method of telling the difference between stratified squamous epithelium and transitional epithelium?
Answer: Stratified squamous epithelium changes cell shape from the basement membrane to the surface. At the basement membrane the cells tend to be columnar or cuboidal and flatten out as they work their way to the surface. Transitional epithelium has cells that are pretty much the same shape from the basement membrane to the surface. The surface cells are generally the largest cells. The cells change their shape according to the pressure applied.
64) Tendon tears or breaks are difficult to repair both physiologically and surgically. Why?
Answer: Tendons are composed of dense regular connective tissue, which consists of densely packed, parallel connective tissue fibers. This type of tissue has relatively few cells and vascular supply is poor; consequently, repair is slow. Because of the structure of the tissue, surgical repair can be compared to attempting to suture two bristle brushes together
66) What are the primary germ layers during embryonic development and what do they ultimately produce?
Answer: The ectoderm produces skin, the nervous system, and all tubes opening to the outside. The mesoderm produces muscles and connective tissue. The endoderm produces all internal organs.
114) A 6-year-old child fell off his bike and scraped his knee. Describe the first stage of wound healing.
Answer: The first stage is the inflammatory stage, characterized by hemostasis (cessation of bleeding) and formation of blood clots and phagocytosis by leukocytes and macrophages.
TRUE/FALSE. 71) Functions of connective tissues include binding, support, insulation, and protection.
Answer: True
TRUE/FALSE. 74) Squamous cells are flattened and scale like when mature.
Answer: True
TRUE/FALSE. 76) Simple cuboidal epithelia are usually associated with secretion and absorption.
Answer: True
TRUE/FALSE. 77) Goblet cells are found with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
Answer: True
TRUE/FALSE. 79) Epithelial tissues always exhibit polarity; that is, they have a free surface and a basal surface.
Answer: True
TRUE/FALSE. 82)Depending on the functional state of the bladder, transitional epithelium may resemble stratified squamous or stratified cuboidal epithelium.
Answer: True
TRUE/FALSE. 85) Macrophages are found in areolar and lymphatic tissues.
Answer: True
TRUE/FALSE. 88) Smooth muscle cells possess central nuclei but lack striations.
Answer: True
TRUE/FALSE. 89) The shock-absorbing pads between the vertebrae are formed of fibrocartilage.
Answer: True
TRUE/FALSE. 90) Brown fat is frequently deposited between the shoulder blades of infants.
Answer: True
TRUE/FALSE. 91) Cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue.
Answer: True
TRUE/FALSE. 95) Blood is considered a type of connective tissue.
Answer: True
Match the regeneration capacity of the following tissues: 102) Cardiac muscle.
Answer: Virtually no functional regenerative ability
56) All epithelial tissue rests upon a(n) ________ composed of connective tissue.
Answer: basement membrane
48) Cardiac muscle tissue is single nucleated, has intercalated discs, and is ________.
Answer: branched Explanation:
45) The salivary glands are a good example of a(n) ________ exocrine gland.
Answer: compound tubuloalveolar
53) The uppermost layer of skin is composed of ________.
Answer: keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
52)Macrophage-like cells are found in many different tissues, and may have specific names that reflect their location or specializations. What is the one functional characteristic common to all macrophage-like cells?
Answer: phagocytosis
62) Kidney tubules are composed of ________ epithelium.
Answer: simple cuboidal
57) Multiple rows of cells covering a tissue in which the cells are the same shape from the basement membrane to the surfaces would be ________ epithelia.
Answer: transitional
