A&P CH16

Which of the following is a direct motor pathway?

ALL OF THE ABOVE (Anterior corticospinal tract, corticobulbar tract, and lateral corticospinal tract)

Which of the following is NOT an event in the process of sensation?

Activation of effector

Which of the following are proprioceptors found in the articular capsules of synovial joints?

Kinesthetic receptors

Which of the following is a type of a rapidly adapting touch receptor?

Meissner corpuscle

Which of the following is a type of slowly adapting touch receptor?

Merkel disc

Which of the following statements about proprioception is INCORRECT?

Proprioceptive sensations are used to activate the nervous system in response to threatening situations.

Infants spend approximately 50% of their sleeping time in

REM sleep

Which of the following does NOT occur during sleep?

Sympathetic division of ANS is stimulated.

The process in which the frequency of nerve impulses in the first-order neuron decreases during prolonged stimulus is called

adaptation

Proprioception means awareness of

body position

Which of the following regions of the brain compares the intentions of skeletal muscle movements with the actual movement performed and then sends out corrective feedback to upper motor neurons?

cerebellum

The integration centers for sensations that are consciously perceived (like vision, smell, taste, and pain) are found in the

cerebral cortex

What category of receptor cell is used to sense changes in the concentration of chemicals in body fluids?

chemoreceptor

Which condition is a state of unconsciousness in which a person's responses to stimuli are reduced or absent?

coma

Which of the following types of neurons conduct impulses from the peripheral somatic sensory receptors to the brain stem or spinal cord?

first order neuron

Which disorder is characterized by difficulty in falling asleep and staying asleep?

insomnia

These are sensory receptors that are located in blood vessels and visceral organs and their signals are not usually consciously perceived.

interoceptors

What category of receptor cell is used to sense touch, vibration and pressure?

mechanoreceptor

This type of sensory receptor responds to stimuli resulting from physical or chemical damage to tissue.

nociceptors

Visceral pain results from stimulating

nociceptors

How many sensory modalities can a single sensory neuron have?

one

What category of receptor cell is used to sense changes in the osmotic pressure of body fluids?

osmoreceptor

What category of receptor cell is used to sense light?

photoreceptor

Which of the following is an example of a specialized sensory receptor cell that is known as a "separate cell"?

photoreceptor cell in retina

During the process of learning, the brain shows a characteristic called ______, which is the ability to change in response to intensive usage for a particular task like memorizing a page of physiology notes

plasticity

All of the following types of stimuli are sensed by free nerve endings EXCEPT

pressure

The postcentral gyri of the parietal lobes of the cerebral cortex

receive body sensory information

______________ is a term used to describe pain that is felt at a site remote from the place of origin.

referred pain

Which of the following types of neurons conduct sensory impulses from the brain stem and spinal cord to the thalamus?

second order neuron

The main function of muscle spindles is

sense changes in muscle length

The process of sensation begins in a __________ , which can be either a primary sensory neuron or a separate cell.

sensory receptor cell

Which of the following type of neurons have their cell bodies in the spinal cord or brain stem and their axons terminating in neuromuscular junctions?

somatic sensory neurons

Which of the following stages of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep is considered the deepest level of sleep?

stage four

What layer of the skin contains the cold thermoreceptors?

stratum basale

All of the following result from some form of malfunction by the basal nuclei EXCEPT

synesthesia

What category of receptor cell is used to sense changes in temperature?

thermoreceptor

Which of the following types of neurons conduct impulses from the thalamus to the primary somatosensory area of the cerebral cortex?

third order neuron

Which of the following types of neurons have axons that extend from the brain to the lower motor neurons?

upper motor neurons

Which of the following types of stimuli is sensed using encapsulated nerve endings?

vibration