A&P ch.9 hw

Hypersecretion of growth hormone could lead to which of the following conditions? acromegaly diabetes insipidus Addison's disease masculinization

acromegaly

The prefix means "relating to the adrenal glands."

adren-

Darlene is a 67-year-old woman who has been admitted to the hospital with rapid heart rate, high blood pressure, sweating, and irritability. Her doctor brings the result of diagnostic scans that show an abdominal tumor. What gland is involved? pituitary gland adrenal gland kidney pancreas

adrenal gland

Which of these endocrine glands is located just above a kidney? pineal gland adrenal gland thymus pancreas

adrenal gland

A chemical signal to activate the adrenal cortex is called adrenocorticotropic hormone.

adrenocorticotropic

What hormone stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb water as urine is being formed? oxytocin parathyroid hormone (PTH) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) mineralocorticoids

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

What are the hormones related to heart

atrial natiruretic peptide

Which of the following is a humoral stimulus for hormone release? TSH hypothalamic activity calcium ions sympathetic nerves stimulation

calcium ions

What are the hormones related to intesines

cholecystokinin secretin

The efficiency of the endocrine system as a whole gradually declines in old age. Which of the following is NOT an effect of aging on the endocrine system and body homeostasis? less able to resist stress and infection decreased mental abilities muscle atrophy insulin production decline higher cancer rate

decreased mental abilities

Lena is hypoglycemic. To counter this condition and restore homeostasis, which of the following hormones would NOT be released? glucagon catecholamine cortisol insulin

insulin

What organ secretes erythropoietin? the stomach the kidney the heart the placenta

kidney

Which hormone is secreted by adipose tissue and helps suppress your appetite? natriuretic peptide erythropoietin secretin leptin

leptin

What cells in the body respond to glucagon by breaking down glycogen and releasing glucose?

liver cells

Which of the following is a common age-associated condition? acromegaly goiter cretinism menopause

menopause

What is the main mechanism for regulating hormone secretion?

negative feedback

Which of these is linked to the decline in estrogen in menopausal females? osteoporosis reduced resistance to infection decline in metabolic rate reduced secretion of growth hormone

osteoporosis

The prefix __ means "beside," "near" or "alongside."

para-

The prefix means "relating to the thyroid gland."

thyro-

Julie, who is middle-aged, feels tired all the time and has a hard time concentrating. She always feels cold and despite dieting, has gained a significant amount of weight. The hyposecretion of which of the following hormones is causing Julie's symptoms? aldosterone vasopressin calcitonin thyroxine

thyroxine

The main hormone produced by the thyroid gland is called _____

thyroxine

Which of the following is a sign of hypoparathyroidism? myxedema uncontrollable muscle spasms massive bone destruction exophthalmos

uncontrollable muscle spasms

How do lipid-soluble hormones carry out their actions at their target cells? activate a second messenger stimulate release of calcium ions activate cyclic AMP directly activate genes and stimulate protein synthesis

directly activate genes and stimulate protein synthesis

Which of these is characteristic of an endocrine gland? secretes onto a body surface must be close to its target cells ductless secretes into a body cavity

ductless

_____stimulates the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the gallbladder.

CCK

___stimulates HCl release in the stomach.

Gastrin

_______stimulates the ovaries to continue producing estrogen and progesterone so that the lining of the uterus is not sloughed off in menses during pregnancy.

HCG

Which hormone is released by nerve impulses? epinephrine aldosterone thyrotropic hormone calcitonin

epinephrine

What are the hormones related to kidney

erythropoietin active vietamin D3

How does the hypothalamus regulate the release of hormones from the anterior pituitary gland?

It secretes releasing and inhibiting hormones that travel through the blood to the anterior pituitary gland.

What are the hormones related to stomach

gastrin

Which hormone stimulates acid production in the stomach? cholecystokinin (CCK) leptin secretin gastrin

gastrin

The prefix means "sugar" or "glucose."

gluco-

The group of hormones made by the adrenal cortex that regulate sugar metabolism are called glucocorticoids.

glucocorticoids

The body's tendency to maintain relatively constant internal conditions is called

homeostasis.

__ stimulates the release of bicarbonate from the pancreas and inhibits stomach secretions.

Secretin

When blood glucose levels are low

The pancreas releases glucagon, which eventually causes blood glucose levels to increase

When blood glucose levels are high

The pancreas responds to high blood glucose levels by releasing insulin.

Why don't all body cells respond to a particular hormone? -The liver removes the hormone before all cells can be exposed. -All body cells aren't exposed to the hormone. -Only cells that have receptors for the hormone can respond. -Glands don't secrete enough hormone to affect all body cells.

-Only cells that have receptors for the hormone can respond.

Which of these occurs when blood glucose concentration falls below the normal range? -The pancreas secretes insulin. -The pancreas secretes glucagon. -The adrenal gland secretes aldosterone. -The thyroid gland secretes thyroxine.

-The pancreas secretes glucagon.

Where are receptors for steroid hormones found? -in the plasma membrane of target cells -in the cytoplasm -in the extracellular fluids surrounding the target cells -in the nucleus of target cells

-in the nucleus of target cells

Which tropic hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland?

ACTH

_____inhibits secretion of aldosterone, thereby decreasing blood volume and blood pressure.

ANP

Nick mentioned to his doctor at his annual physical that his skin color was darkening. After tests, the doctor diagnosed Nick with an autoimmune disease that affects the adrenal cortex, resulting in insufficient levels of adrenal cortex hormones. What disorder does Nick have? Graves' disease Cushing's syndrome diabetes mellitus Addison's disease

Addison's disease

Which of these is an example of using a humoral stimulus to cause hormone secretion? -An increase in blood glucose stimulates the release of insulin. The adrenal cortex releases cortisol when stimulated by the anterior pituitary gland. -Sympathetic stimulation triggers the release of epinephrine. -Hypothalamic stimulation triggers the release of growth hormone.

An increase in blood glucose stimulates the release of insulin.

_____ stimulates production of red blood cells.

Erythopoietin

What is the functional relationship between the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary?

Hypothalamus synthesizes the hormones stored and released by the posterior pituitary.

Body cells that respond to insulin include

Liver cells, as well as most other cells of the body

A liver cell responds to insulin by

Taking in glucose and converting it to glycogen.

Which of these results when hormone secretion is regulated by a negative feedback mechanism? -Hormones determine the metabolic rate of all cells. -The concentration of a hormone remains within a narrow normal range. -Hormone concentrations rise and fall depending on the time of day. -All hormones are regulated by other hormones.

The concentration of a hormone remains within a narrow normal range.

Abnormal enlargement of the extremities is called ____.

acromegaly

The prefix means "extremity."

acro-

The glands located alongside the thyroid gland are called _____ glands.

parathyroid glands

Which hormones help maintain a relatively constant calcium concentration in the blood? -parathyroid hormone (PTH) and cortisol -parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin -antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) -aldosterone and calcitonin

parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin

What are the hormones related to placenta

relaxin human chorionic gonadotropin