A&P Chapter 12
Primary sensory cortex a) Temporal lobe b) Parietal lobe c) occipital lobe d) frontal lobe e) insula
b) Parietal lobe
Premotor area. a) Temporal lobe b) Parietal lobe c) occipital lobe d) frontal lobe e) insula
d) frontal lobe
Auditory area a) Temporal lobe b) Parietal lobe c) occipital lobe d) frontal lobe e) insula
A - Temporal lobe
Which statement about coma is true? A) Coma is defined as total unresponsiveness to stimuli for a long period of time. B) During coma, brain oxygen consumption resembles that of a waking state. C) Coma is neurologically identical to syncope. D) Coma is rarely caused by damage to brain stem structures.
A) Coma is defined as total unresponsiveness to stimuli for a long period of time.
The axons from this area form the major pyramidal tracts. A) Primary Motor Cortex B) Hypothalamus C) Thalamus D) Prefrontal Area
A) Primary Motor Cortex
The process of linking new facts with old facts already stored in the memory bank is called ________. A) consolidation B) automatic memory C) long-term memory D) rehearsal
A) consolidation
The limbic association area of the multimodal association areas provides our ________. A) emotional impact B) working memory C) recall and personality D) learning abilities
A) emotional impact
The central sulcus separates which lobes? A) frontal from parietal B) parietal from occipital C) temporal from parietal D) frontal from temporal
A) frontal from parietal
Ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres are called ________. A) gyri B) sulci C) fissures D) ganglia
A) gyri
Declarative memory ________. A) is the ability to learn specific information B) is best remembered in the doing C) is hard to unlearn when learned once D) usually involves motor skills
A) is the ability to learn specific information
The hypothalamus ________. A) is the thermostat of the body since it regulates temperature B) is an important auditory and visual relay center C) has the Pulvinar body as part of its structure D) mediates sensations
A) is the thermostat of the body since it regulates temperature
The blood-brain barrier is effective against ________. A) metabolic waste such as urea B) nutrients such as glucose C) alcohol D) anesthetics
A) metabolic waste such as urea
An individual accidentally transected the spinal cord between T1 and L1. This would result in ________. A) paraplegia B) hemiplegia C) quadriplegia D) spinal shock only
A) paraplegia
Two terms for the massive motor tracts serving voluntary movement are ________. A) pyramidal and corticospinal B) extrapyramidal and rubrospinal C) segmental and nigrostriatal D) supplementary and cerebellar-pontine
A) pyramidal and corticospinal
Brain wave amplitude ________. A) reflects the number of neurons firing synchronously B) is an average of about 1 V C) results from subtraction of delta waves from theta waves D) is the measure of activity of specific individual neurons
A) reflects the number of neurons firing synchronously
A lateral tract in the spinal cord would be ________. A) rubrospinal B) vestibulospinal C) tectospinal D) pyramidal
A) rubrospinal
A shallow groove on the surface of the cortex is called a ________. A) sulcus B) fissure C) gyrus D) furrow
A) sulcus
Cell bodies of the sensory neurons of the spinal nerves are located in ________. A) the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord B) the ventral root ganglia of the spinal cord C) the thalamus D) sympathetic ganglia
A) the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord
If the posterior portion of the neural tube failed to develop properly ________. A) the spinal cord may be affected B) the cranial nerves would not form C) the hindbrain would not be present D) the telencephalon would cease development
A) the spinal cord may be affected
Which of the following is not a midbrain structure? A) third ventricle B) cerebral peduncles C) corpora quadrigemina D) red nucleus
A) third ventricle
Spastic paralysis suggests involvement of the ________. A) upper motor neurons B) lower motor neurons C) spinal nerve roots D) neuromotor junction
A) upper motor neurons
The arbor vitae refers to ________. A) cerebellar gray matter B) cerebellar white matter C) the pleatlike convolutions of the cerebellum D) flocculonodular nodes
B) cerebellar white matter
This area is the main visceral control center of the body. A) Primary Motor Cortex B) Hypothalamus C) Thalamus D) Prefrontal Area
B) Hypothalamus
Tremor at rest, shuffling gait, stooped posture, and expressionless face are characteristics of ________. A) Huntington's disease B) Parkinson's disease C) cerebellar disease D) spinal cord disease
B) Parkinson's disease
Spinocerebellar tracts ________. A) terminate in the spinal cord B) carry proprioceptive inputs to the cerebellum C) give rise to conscious experience of perception D) are found in the dorsal columns of the spinal cord
B) carry proprioceptive inputs to the cerebellum
White matter (myelinated fibers) is found in all of the following locations, with the exception of the ________. A) corpus callosum B) cerebral cortex C) corticospinal tracts D) outer portion of the spinal cord
B) cerebral cortex
Which is the mildest consequence of traumatic brain injury? A) contusion B) concussion C) hemorrhage D) swelling
B) concussion
The function of commissures is to connect ________. A) adjacent areas of gray matter within a cerebral hemisphere B) corresponding areas of the two hemispheres C) areas of cortex with lower centers D) pyramidal cells with corresponding cerebellar cells
B) corresponding areas of the two hemispheres
Huntington's disease ________. A) begins to appear at ages 10 to 15 B) has symptoms that are the opposite of Parkinson's disease C) usually subsides by ages 35 to 40 D) may be a result of a defective 26th chromosome
B) has symptoms that are the opposite of Parkinson's disease
An electroencephalogram ________. A) is a record of total body electrical activity B) indicates a normal frequency range of 1-30 Hz C) indicates an average amplitude of 20-100 V D) can only detect abnormal electrical activity
B) indicates a normal frequency range of 1-30 Hz
The spinal cord has gray matter on the ________. A) outside, white matter on the inside, and a dorsal motor root B) inside, white matter on the outside, and a ventral motor root C) inside, white matter on the outside, and a dorsal motor root D) outside, white matter on the inside, and a ventral motor root
B) inside, white matter on the outside, and a ventral motor root
The frontal lobe is separated from the temporal lobe by the ________. A) longitudinal fissure B) lateral sulcus C) central sulcus D) cranial fossa
B) lateral sulcus
The fissure separating the cerebral hemispheres is the ________. A) central fissure B) longitudinal fissure C) parieto-occipital fissure D) lateral fissure
B) longitudinal fissure
The vital centers for the control of heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure are located in the ________. A) pons B) medulla C) midbrain D) cerebrum
B) medulla
Which of the following structures is probably not directly involved in memory? A) hippocampus B) medulla C) amygdala D) prefrontal cortex
B) medulla
The brain stem consists of the ________. A) cerebrum, pons, midbrain, and medulla B) midbrain, medulla, and pons C) pons, medulla, cerebellum, and midbrain D) midbrain only
B) midbrain, medulla, and pons
Loss of ability to perform skilled motor activities such as piano playing, with no paralysis or weakness in specific muscles, might suggest damage to the ________. A) spinal cord B) premotor cortex C) primary motor cortex D) rubrospinal tracts
B) premotor cortex
Which of the following would you not find in normal cerebrospinal fluid? A) glucose B) red blood cells C) potassium D) protein
B) red blood cells
The brain area that regulates activities that control the state of wakefulness or alertness of the cerebral cortex is the ________. A) thalamus B) reticular formation C) pyramids D) limbic system
B) reticular formation
Important nuclei of the indirect (multineural) system that receive impulses from the equilibrium apparatus of the inner ear and help to maintain balance by varying muscle tone of postural muscles are the ________. A) red nuclei B) vestibular nuclei C) reticular nuclei D) superior colliculi
B) vestibular nuclei
The nonspecific ascending pathways ________. A) are evolutionarily newer than the specific pathways B) receive inputs from a single type of sensory receptor C) are involved in the emotional aspects of perception D) are also called the lemniscal system
C) are involved in the emotional aspects of perception
The suprachiasmatic nucleus is found in the ________. A) pons B) thalamus C) hypothalamus D) medulla
C) hypothalamus
Nuclei of cranial nerves V, VI, and VII are found in the ________. A) midbrain B) medulla C) pons D) cerebrum
C) pons
Which statement about aging is most accurate? A) The brain reaches its maximum weight around the seventh decade of life. B) Synaptic connections are too fixed to permit a great deal of learning after the age of 35. C) Despite some neuronal loss, changing synaptic connections support additional learning throughout life. D) Learning throughout the adult and aging years is supported primarily by glial proliferation.
C) Despite some neuronal loss, changing synaptic connections support additional learning throughout life.
Which statement about epilepsy is most accurate? A) During seizures, sensory messages are processed normally but responses are blocked. B) Petit mal epilepsy typically begins in adolescence and is often severely disabling. C) Epilepsy is often genetically induced but also frequently caused by head trauma, stroke, infection, and tumor. D) The aura in grand mal epilepsy typically occurs as the patient regains consciousness.
C) Epilepsy is often genetically induced but also frequently caused by head trauma, stroke, infection, and tumor
A major relay station for sensory information ascending to primary sensory areas of the cerebral cortex. Contains many specialized nuclei. A) Primary Motor Cortex B) Hypothalamus C) Thalamus D) Prefrontal Area
C) Thalamus
Storing information in long-term memory ________. A) depends on the remaining capacity of long-term memory B) is interfered with by emotional arousal C) is facilitated by the release of norepinephrine D) is always dependent on the formation of conscious impressions
C) is facilitated by the release of norepinephrine
Neural tracts that convey life-saving information to the brain concerning burning pain would be ________. A) anterior spinothalamic B) reticulospinal C) lateral spinothalamic D) posterior spinothalamic
C) lateral spinothalamic
The white matter of the spinal cord contains ________. A) myelinated nerve fibers only B) unmyelinated nerve fibers only C) myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers D) soma that have both myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers
C) myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers
Which of the following is/are involved with motor activity (either initiation or coordination)? A) postcentral gyrus B) gustatory cortex C) red nuclei D) Wernicke's area
C) red nuclei
Mr. Hom was injured in an accident that completely severed his spinal cord at the level of T12. You would expect to find all of the following except ________. A) paralysis of the lower extremities B) loss of sensation below the level of injury C) slurred speech D) perspiration in the affected area
C) slurred speech
Brodmann's numbering refers to ________. A) molecular weight of types of neurons B) counts of neurons per fiber bundle C) structurally distinct cortical areas D) rates of neural division in embryogenesis
C) structurally distinct cortical areas
The primary auditory cortex is located in the ________. A) prefrontal lobe B) frontal lobe C) temporal lobe D) parietal lobe
C) temporal lobe
REM sleep is associated with ________. A) decreased vital signs, such as heart rate and blood pressure B) decreased activity of the brain, especially the cerebral cortex C) temporary skeletal muscle inhibition except for the extrinsic eye muscles D) decreased oxygen use, especially in the cerebral cortex
C) temporary skeletal muscle inhibition except for the extrinsic eye muscles
Second-order neurons of both the specific and nonspecific ascending pathways terminate in the ________. A) spinal cord B) medulla C) thalamus D) somatosensory cortex
C) thalamus
An individual who could trace a picture of a bicycle with his or her finger but could not recognize it as a bicycle is most likely to have sustained damage to the ________. A) calcarine cortex B) primary visual area C) visual association area D) lateral geniculate body
C) visual association area
Somatic motor cortex a) Temporal lobe b) Parietal lobe c) occipital lobe d) frontal lobe e) insula
D) Frontal lobe
This brain area associates experiences necessary for the production of abstract ideas, judgment, and conscience. A) Primary Motor Cortex B) Hypothalamus C) Thalamus D) Prefrontal Area
D) Prefrontal Area
Which statement is not true? A) Sleep requirements decline from infancy to early adulthood, level off, then decline again in old age. B) Half of infant sleep is composed of REM sleep. C) Ten-year-olds are in REM sleep about 1.5-2 hours per night. D) Stage 4 sleep increases in old age.
D) Stage 4 sleep increases in old age.
________ waves are not normal for awake adults but are common for children. A) Alpha B) Beta C) Delta D) Theta
D) Theta
All of the following are structures of the limbic system except the ________. A) hippocampus B) cingulate gyrus C) amygdaloid nucleus D) caudate nucleus
D) caudate nucleus
White matter of the spinal cord ________. A) is composed of myelinated fibers only B) ascends to higher PNS centers C) has afferent fibers carrying impulses from peripheral sensory receptors D) contains the anterior and posterior spinocerebellar tracts
D) contains the anterior and posterior spinocerebellar tracts
Which of these would you not find in the cerebral cortex? A) cell bodies B) dendrites C) unmyelinated axons D) fiber tracts
D) fiber tracts
Broca's area ________. A) corresponds to Brodmann's area 8 B) is usually found in the right hemisphere C) serves the recognition of complex objects D) is considered a motor speech area
D) is considered a motor speech area
The cerebrospinal fluid ________. A) is secreted by the arachnoid villi B) enters the four ventricles after filling and circulating through the subarachnoid space C) is secreted mostly by the neuroglia cells lining the brain ventricles D) is formed mostly by the choroid plexuses and modified by ependymal cells
D) is formed mostly by the choroid plexuses and modified by ependymal cells
Injury to the hypothalamus may result in all of the following except ________. A) pathologic sleep B) loss of body temperature control C) production of excessive quantities of urine D) loss of proprioception
D) loss of proprioception
Declarative memory is not stored in the ________. A) hippocampus B) amygdala C) thalamus D) mammillary body
D) mammillary body
Which association regarding the function and location of the cerebrum is most accurate? A) sensory-anterior B) motor-medial C) sensory-medial D) motor-anterior
D) motor-anterior
The corpus striatum plays a special role in ________. A) face recognition B) fact learning C) spatial learning D) skill learning
D) skill learning
Which of the following is not part of the basal nuclei? A) putamen B) lentiform nucleus C) globus pallidus D) substantia nigra
D) substantia nigra
The area of the cortex that is responsible for sensations of the full bladder and the feeling that your lungs will burst when you hold your breath too long is the ________. A) olfactory cortex B) gusatory cortex C) vestibular cortex D) visceral sensory area
D) visceral sensory area
Language/speech comprehension area a) Temporal lobe b) Parietal lobe c) occipital lobe d) frontal lobe e) insula
a) Temporal lobe
Visual area. a) Temporal lobe b) Parietal lobe c) occipital lobe d) frontal lobe e) insula
c) occipital lobe
Motor speech area. a) Temporal lobe b) Parietal lobe c) occipital lobe d) frontal lobe e) insula
d) frontal lobe
Seat of intelligence, abstract reasoning. a) Temporal lobe b) Parietal lobe c) occipital lobe d) frontal lobe e) insula
d) frontal lobe
Taste (gustatory) area. a) Temporal lobe b) Parietal lobe c) occipital lobe d) frontal lobe e) insula
e) insula