A&P Chapter 16 Quiz

Place the events in order for the process of sensation? 1. Stimulation of sensory receptors 2. Generation of impulses 3. Integration of sensory input 4. Transduction of the stimulus

1, 4, 2, 3

29. In this diagram neuron ____ is a first-order neuron and conducts impulses from the ____ to the ____.

A; peripheral somatic receptors; brain or spinal cord

Pain associated with chronic cirrhosis of the liver is referred to which location on the diagram?

B

Which of the neurons in the diagram is modified in a manner that helps enhance the sensitivity of the receptor?

B

Which structure in the diagram is sensitive to low vibrational frequencies and typically located in areas that lack hair?

C

The ____ pathway is important for movements on opposite sides of the body for distal and proximal portions of the limbs. The ____ pathway conveys nerve impulses for precise movements of the head and neck. The ____ pathway conveys impulses from the red nucleus that help with precise movements of distal portions of upper limbs. The ____ pathway relays information for ipsilateral movements pertaining to posture and balance relating to the head. The ____ pathway relays impulses to ipsilateral muscles to maintain posture and muscle tone in relationship to walking.

Corticospinal; corticobulbar; rubrospinal; vestibulospinal; reticulospinal

30. Why would neuron B in the diagram be considered a second-order neuron? Select all that apply.

Decussation occurs, Second-order neurons travel in white matter pathways, Second order neurons end in the thalamus, and cell bodies of the second order neurons are located in the gray matter of spinal cord.

Which of the following are correct about muscle spindles? Select all that apply

Detect changes in muscle length, and participate in stretch reflexes.

____ motor neurons innervate ____ muscle fibers, which are specialized muscle fibers within a muscle spindle necessary for fine motor control.

Gamma; intrafusal

The corticobulbar pathway synapses with lower motor neurons in nuclei of which cranial nerves? Select all that apply.

III, IV, V, VI, VII, IX, XI, XII

Which disorder is characterized by difficulty in falling asleep and staying asleep?

Insomnia

______ are sensory receptors located in blood vessels and visceral organs, whose signals are not usually consciously perceived

Interoceptors

______ would detect irritation on the skin if you didn't wear gloves while cleaning with bleach.

Nociceptors

Sharp pains occurring at the tip of the xiphoid process of the sternum can be an indication of visceral pain in what organs? Select all that apply.

Pancreas, gallbladder, and stomach

Infants spend approximately 50% of their sleeping time in

REM sleep

All of the following result from some form of malfunction by the basal nuclei EXCEPT

Synesthesia

Which of the following types of stimuli is sensed using encapsulated nerve endings?

Vibration

The descending pathway

consists of upper and lower motor neurons

The cerebellum, premotor cortex and basal nuclei are involved in

implicit memory

As you extend your arm, two tracts work together to maintain posture and muscle tone. Muscles in your proximal limb will be excited by the ____ and inhibited by the ____.

medial reticulospinal tract; lateral reticulosppinal tract

Sensory neurons in the muscle spindle are activated during muscle ____. Activation of gamma motor neurons in the muscle spindle cause ____ of intrafusal muscle fibers.

muscle stretch; muscle contraction

The postcentral gyri of the parietal lobes of the cerebral cortex receives

primary somatic sensory information.

After the sensory neurons of a somatosensory pathway enter the dorsal root, the ____ extend from the posterior gray horn of the spinal cord and synapse with ____ in the thalamus.

second order neurons; third order neurons

The sensory homunculus appears distorted in the face and hands because it is a representation of the amount of

sensory neurons for those body areas.

A loud noise startles you during an exam so you turn to look in the direction from which it originated. The ______ receives input for visual stimuli and input for auditory stimuli via connections to the _____ before sending action potentials along the ______ tract.

superior colliculus; inferior colliculus; tectospinal tract