(A&P) Chapter 18- Cardiovascular System: Blood

The temperature of blood is about _________ than measured body temperature. A. 1 C higher B. 10 C higher C. 1 C lower D. 10 C lower

A. 1 C higher

Which clotting pathway involves more steps and takes more time (approximately 5 minutes)? A. The intrinsic pathway B. The extrinsic pathway

A. The intrinsic pathway

Which depicts the order of cell formation in erythropoiesis? a: Proerythroblast b: Normoblast c: Myeloid stem cell d: Reticulocyte e: Erythroblast f: Mature erythrocyte A. c, a, e, b, d, f B. a, b, c, e, d, f C. a, c, d, b, e, f D. c, b, a, d, e, f E. c, a, b, e, d, f

A. c, a, e, b, d, f

During platelet plug formation, platelets begin to stick to: A. collagen with the assistance of von Willebrand factor. B. collagen with the assistance of prothrombin. C. prostacyclin with the assistance of activated factor V. D. prostacyclin with the assistance of thromboxane A2. E. proconvertin with the assistance of factor IX.

A. collagen with the assistance of von Willebrand factor.

The formation of a web-like polymer of fibrin occurs late in the ________ pathway. A. common B. extrinsic C. intrinsic

A. common

In many of the elderly, leukocytes appear to be: A. decreased in number and less efficient. B. decreased in number but more efficient. C. increased in number but more efficient. D. increased in number and more efficient.

A. decreased in number and less efficient.

As a platelet plug forms at an injury site platelets become activated and their cytoplasm: A. degranulates as they release chemicals such as ADP and thromboxane A2. B. degranulates as they release chemicals such as fibrinogen and prothrombin. C. becomes granular as they take up chemicals such as ADP and thromboxane A2. D. becomes granular as they take up chemicals such as fibrinogen and prothrombin.

A. degranulates as they release chemicals such as ADP and thromboxane A2.

The clinical definition of the hematocrit refers to the percentage of: A. erythrocytes in the blood. B. leukocytes in the blood. C. platelets in the blood. D. plasma in the blood. E. all formed elements in the blood.

A. erythrocytes in the blood.

The agglutinogens (or antigens) that determine the ABO and Rh blood types are: A. found on the surface of erythrocytes. B. found in the cytoplasm of the erythrocytes. C. located on the surface of the leukocytes. D. located in the cytoplasm of the leukocytes. E. part of the reticular connective tissue of the spleen.

A. found on the surface of erythrocytes.

One of the unhealthy effects of blood doping is to: A. increase the viscosity of the blood. B. decrease the blood pressure in the arteries. C. decrease the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood. D. increase the carbon dioxide carrying capacity of the blood. E. increase the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood.

A. increase the viscosity of the blood.

The "buffy" coat of the middle layer of a centrifuged blood sample is composed of: A. platelets and leukocytes. B. leukocytes. C. platelets. D. erythrocytes. E. erythrocytes and leukocytes.

A. platelets and leukocytes.

Glucose is a: A. polar molecule, and therefore it dissolves readily in plasma. B. polar molecule, and therefore it requires a transporter in the blood. C. nonpolar molecule, and therefore it dissolves readily in plasma. D. nonpolar molecule, and therefore it requires a transporter in the blood.

A. polar molecule, and therefore it dissolves readily in plasma.

If agglutination occurs after a blood transfusion, it may indicate: A. the wrong blood type was used. B. the recipient had type AB blood. C. there were no agglutinins (antibodies) in the recipient blood. D. the donor had type O blood. E. Two of the answers are correct.

A. the wrong blood type was used.

The first phase in hemostasis is: A. vascular spasm. B. elimination of clots. C. coagulation. D. platelet plug formation.

A. vascular spasm.

To compensate for significant blood loss, the autonomic nervous system triggers: A. vasoconstriction and an increase in heart rate. B. vasoconstriction and a decrease in heart rate. C. vasodilation and an increase in heart rate. D. vasodilation and a decrease in heart rate.

A. vasoconstriction and an increase in heart rate.

Congenital hemolytic anemia is: A. when destruction of erythrocytes is more rapid than normal. B. when there is an inherited anemia associated with a defect in iron uptake. C. caused by a failure of the body to absorb Vitamin B12. D. characterized by a large number of immature, nucleated cells. E. characterized by significantly decreased formation of erythrocytes and hemoglobin due to defective red bone marrow.

A. when destruction of erythrocytes is more rapid than normal.

When trying to diagnose an infection that alters the percentages of leukocyte types found in the blood, it is useful for clinicians to perform a: A. white blood cell differential count. B. red blood cell differential count. C. total cell count for red and white blood cells. D. blood typing.

A. white blood cell differential count.

In fetal development, hemocytoblasts begin to colonize red mone marrow at approximately: A. 10 days. B. 10 weeks. C. 5 months. D. 8 months.

B. 10 weeks.

The globulins make up about ________ percent of all plasma proteins. A. 58 B. 37 C. 4 D. 1 E. 85

B. 37

How many oxygen molecules may bind to a single molecule of hemoglobin? A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8 E. 16

B. 4

Typically, an adult's body contains _______ of blood. A. 1 liter B. 5 liters C. 10 liters D. 15 liters

B. 5 liters

Which type of leukocyte releases histamine? A. Eosinophil B. Basophil C. Lymphocyte D. Neutrophil E. Monocyte

B. Basophil

Which are the least numerous of the leukocytes? A. Eosinophils B. Basophils C. Monocytes D. Lymphocytes E. Neutrophils

B. Basophils

Which clotting pathway involves the combining of thromboplastin (factor III) with factor VII and calcium? A. The intrinsic pathway B. The extrinsic pathway C. The common pathway D. Each of the three pathways (intrinsic, extrinsic, and common).

B. The extrinsic pathway

Which are characteristics of type O blood? a: Has anti-A antibodies b: Has anti-B antibodies c: Has surface antigen O on its erythrocytes d: Has surface antigen A on its erythrocytes e: Has neither surface antigen A nor B on its erythrocytes A. a, b, c B. a, b, e C. b, c, e D. b, c, d E. c

B. a, b, e

Which events occur during the recycling of aged or damaged erythrocytes? (Order is not important.) a: The heme group is converted into biliverdin. b: Bilirubin is placed in long term storage in the liver. c: The iron ions in hemoglobin are removed. d: The iron ions are stored in the liver. e: The iron ions are stored in the red bone marrow. f: Membrane proteins and globin proteins are broken down and reused. g: The erythrocyte contents, excluding the globins, are excreted via the digestive tract unchanged. A. a, b, c, e, f B. a, c, d, f C. a, b, c, g D. c, d, g E. c, e, g

B. a, c, d, f

The first phase of hemostasis involves: A. blood vessel dilation. B. blood vessel constriction. C. relese of procoagulants. D. fibrinolysis.

B. blood vessel constriction.

Oxygen poor blood is _________ in color. A. bright red B. dark red C. light blue D. dark blue

B. dark red

If a patient becomes dehydrated, the percentage of plasma in a centrifuged sample of his or her blood would likely: A. increase. B. decrease. C. not change.

B. decrease.

One of the functions of blood is to regulate fluid levels in the body. If too much fluid escapes from the bloodstream and enters the tissues, blood pressure will: A. increase. B. decrease.

B. decrease.

The main function of leukocytes is to: A. trigger allergies. B. defend against pathogens. C. carry oxygen through the blood. D. carry carbon dioxide through the blood. E. form clots.

B. defend against pathogens.

The viscosity of blood is ________ proportional to the number of erythrocytes and _______ proportional to the amount of fluid. A. directly, directly B. directly, indirectly C. indirectly, indirectly D. indirectly, directly

B. directly, indirectly

In young children, hemopoiesis occurs in most of their bones, but in adulthood it primarily occurs in: A. long bones of the hands and feet. B. flat bones of the axial skeleton. C. short bones of the appendicular skeleton. D. the liver and spleen.

B. flat bones of the axial skeleton.

The carbon dioxide molecules that bind to the hemoglobin molecule are attached to the __________ units. A. heme B. globin C. iron D. calcium E. None of these answers is correct

B. globin

The process of producing the formed elements of blood is called: A. leukopenia. B. hemopoiesis. C. leukocytosis. D. erythroblastosis. E. agglutination.

B. hemopoiesis.

Platelets play a key role in _________, but if they are not used they are broken down after about ________ days. A. hemostasis, 120 B. hemostasis, 9 C. hematopoiesis, 120 D. hematopoiesis, 9

B. hemostasis, 9

Beta-globulins transport ________, whereas gamma-globulins are ________. A. antibodies, lipids B. iron ions, antibodies C. lipids, heavy metals D. oxygen, clotting proteins E. clotting factors, hormones

B. iron ions, antibodies

The reason it is more appropriate to call an erythrocyte a "formed element" rather than a "cell" is that erythrocytes: A. are actually dead. B. lack a nucleus and organelles. C. have lots of inclusion molecules. D. are not red. E. can form a rouleau when moving through a capillary.

B. lack a nucleus and organelles.

Leukocytes are the _______ of the formed elements, and leukocytes have ______________. A. largest, no nucleus B. largest, prominent nuclei C. smallest, no nucleus D. smallest, prominent nuclei

B. largest, prominent nuclei

In hemopoiesis, granulocytes such as neutrophils are formed from the _________ line. A. lymphoid B. myeloid C. monocyte D. killer cell

B. myeloid

Prostacyclin is an eicosanoid that acts as a: A. platelet attractant. B. platelet repellant.

B. platelet repellant.

Blood is correctly classified as a(n): A. organ. B. tissue. C. organ system. D. intracellular fluid. E. More than one of these choices is correct.

B. tissue.

How many globins (protein building blocks) are found in a single hemoglobin molecule? A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 D. 6 E. 8

C. 4

Which term best describes the function of blood when considering the presence of leukocytes and antibodies? A. Regulation B. Prevention C. Protection D. Transportation E. None of these terms is appropriate

C. Protection

Which of the following is a step within the common pathway of blood clotting? A. Factor III combines with factor VII. B. Factor XII converts inactive factor XI to active factor XI. C. Prothrombin is activated to thrombin. D. Calcium combines with factor IX.

C. Prothrombin is activated to thrombin.

The smallest and most abundant plasma proteins are the: A. globulins. B. endocrine hormones. C. albumins. D. fibrinogens. E. prothrombins.

C. albumins.

A malnourished person might have abnormally low levels of plasma proteins. As a result, colloid osmotic pressure: A. increases, and there is fluid retention in the interstitial space. B. increases, and so blood volume is abnormally high. C. decreases, and there is fluid retention in the interstitial space. D. decreases, and so blood volume is abnormally high.

C. decreases, and there is fluid retention in the interstitial space.

Sodium, calcium, and bicarbonate are all described as plasma: A. solvents. B. nutrients. C. electrolytes. D. proteins. E. formed elements

C. electrolytes.

The most numerous of the formed elements, by far, are the: A. neutrophils. B. platelets. C. erythrocytes. D. basophils. E. albumins.

C. erythrocytes.

T-cells are a category of: A. eosinophils. B. basophils. C. lymphocytes. D. neutrophils. E. monocytes.

C. lymphocytes.

The type of leukocyte that will migrate in the blood and take up residence in the tissues as a macrophage is a(n): A. eosinophil. B. basophil. C. monocyte. D. lymphocyte. E. neutrophil.

C. monocyte

Vascular spasms last: A. a few milliseconds when tissue damage is moderate. B. almost a full minute when tissue damage is extensive. C. several minutes when tissue damage is extensive. D. several hours when tissue damage is moderate.

C. several minutes when tissue damage is extensive.

When over 10% of the body's blood has been lost, a survival response occurs involving activation of the ________ nervous system. A. parasympathetic B. somatic C. sympathetic

C. sympathetic

A comparison of the clinical hematocrit and true hematocrit would indicate that: A. the clinical hematocrit is much larger. B. the true hematocrit is much larger. C. their values are very similar.

C. their values are very similar.

The life span of an erythrocyte is about _________ days. A. 10 B. 30 C. 60 D. 120 E. 360

D. 120

Plasma makes up about ______ percent of a centrifuged sample of whole blood. A. 25 B. 35 C. 45 D. 55 E. 75

D. 55

Which most closely approximates the percentage of water in plasma by weight? A. 1% B. 25% C. 46% D. 92% E. 98%

D. 92%

An individual's hematocrit would vary with: A. age. B. sex. C. altitude. D. All of the choices are correct

D. All of the choices are correct

The growth factor that increases the formation of erythrocytes, all classes of granulocytes, monocytes, and platelets from myeloid stem cells is: A. EPO. B. M-CSF. C. G-CSF. D. Multi-CSF. E. GM-CSF.

D. Multi-CSF.

Which are the most numerous of the leukocytes? A. Eosinophils B. Basophils C. Lymphocytes D. Neutrophils E. Monocytes

D. Neutrophils

Which term best describes the function of blood when considering the presence of carbon dioxide and endocrine hormones? A. Regulation B. Protection C. Prevention D. Transportation E. None of these terms is appropriate

D. Transportation

Which are characteristic of type A blood? a: Has anti-A antibodies b: Has anti-B antibodies c: Has surface antigen A on its erythrocytes d: Has surface antigen B on its erythrocytes e: Has neither surface antigen A nor B on its erythrocytes f: Will agglutinate with blood type B A. b, c, d, f B. a, c, d, f C. a, d, f D. b, c, f E. a, c, f

D. b, c, f

Which are characteristic of type Rh negative blood? a: Always has Rh (anti-D) antibodies b: Only under certain conditions will Rh (anti-D) antibodies be present c: Always has Rh (D) antigen d: Only under certain conditions will the Rh (D) antigen be present e: Is inherited independent of the ABO group A. a, c B. b, c, e C. a, d, e D. b, e E. a, e

D. b, e

The hemoglobin found in erythrocytes is able to chemically attach to: A. only oxygen. B. only carbon dioxide. C. only nitrogen D. both oxygen and carbon dioxide. E. oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen.

D. both oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Fibrinolysis involves ________ of the fibrin framework, and it involves the protein _______. A. construction, thrombokinase B. construction, plasmin C. construction, actinomyosin D. destruction, plasmin E. destruction, thrombokinase

D. destruction, plasmin

When blood is centrifuged and its components separate, the bottom of the tube holds the: A. electrolytes and waste products. B. buffy coat. C. monocytes. D. erythrocytes. E. platelets. F. plasma.

D. erythrocytes.

Old erythrocytes are phagocytized in the: A. liver. B. spleen. C. lung. D. liver and spleen. E. spleen and lung.

D. liver and spleen.

Macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulates the production of: A. granulocytes from their progenitors. B. erythrocytes from myeloid stem cells. C. megakaryocytes and platelets. D. monocytes from monoblasts. E. erythrocyte progenitor cells.

D. monocytes from monoblasts.

The type of leukocyte that is very active during a bacterial infection is a(n): A. eosinophil. B. basophil. C. lymphocyte. D. neutrophil. E. monocyte.

D. neutrophil.

Which is going to result in significant agglutination? A. Donor is Type A, Recipient has antibody anti-B B. Donor is Type B, Recipient has antibody anti-A C. Donor is Type O, Recipient is Type O D. Donor is Type A, Recipient is Type AB E. Donor is Type AB, Recipient is Type B

E. Donor is Type AB, Recipient is Type B

Which leukocytes are derived from the myeloid line? A. Neutrophils B. Basophils and eosinophils C. Lymphocytes and monocytes D. Lymphocytes E. Neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, and monocytes

E. Neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, and monocytes

Which leukocytes are granulocytes? a: Neutrophils b: Eosinophils c: Lymphocytes d: Monocytes e: Basophils f: Erythrocytes A. a, b, c B. b, d, e C. a, b, e, f D. c, d E. a, b, e

E. a, b, e

Blood plasma is slightly _______; if pH drifts out of the normal range, dire consequences can result from alterations in the structure of _______ . A. acidic, glucose B. acidic, proteins C. acidic, glycogen D. basic, glucose E. basic, proteins

E. basic, proteins

Extensions from megakaryocytes that extend through blood vessel walls in red marrow are sliced off from the cells by the force of blood flow. These extensions are: A. reticulocytes. B. promegakaryocytes. C. myeloid stem cells. D. late erythroblasts. E. proplatelets.

E. proplatelets.

Explain how the body tries to maintain enough blood pressure to keep the most vital organs functioning after a catastrophic loss of over 10% of total blood volume.

The sympathetic nervous system triggers general vasoconstriction, increased heart rate and increased heart contractility. Blood is distributed to heart and brain.

Which are characteristic of leukocytes? a: Smaller than erythrocytes b: Have a nucleus c: Have no hemoglobin d: More numerous than erythrocytes e: Depending on type, may or may not contain granules A. a, b, c, d B. b, c, e C. b, c, d, e D. a, b, c, d, e E. a, b, e

b: Have a nucleus

The test that measures the amount of each type of leukocyte in the blood is a __________ count.

differential