A&P Exam 2 Ch.10

Which statement regarding growth hormone (GH) is true?

GH stimulates the breakdown of stored fats and the release of fatty acids into the blood.

Marissa has had her entire thyroid gland removed because of a malignant tumor. She takes synthetic thyroid hormone to replace the thyroxine that her thyroid gland would have produced, but she is worried about her blood calcium. Does she need to worry about this problem?

Possibly, it depends on whether the parathyroid glands were taken with the thyroid by accident.

Which statement is true about the pituitary?

The pituitary hormones all work by activating G proteins and triggering cAMP within cells.

Which statement is true regarding steroid hormones?

They can alter the rate of mRNA transcription.

Which of the following is released by the posterior pituitary?

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Steroid hormones

are structurally similar to cholesterol

An important second messenger in hormonal action is

cAMP

Peptide hormones are

composed of chains of amino acids

One hormone that is released from the adrenal medulla is

epinephrine

The highest level of endocrine control is provided by the

hypothalamus

Where are the hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary made?

hypothalamus

The nervous system

is ideal for crisis management.

Which of the following hormones enter a cell by diffusion?

steroid hormones

The pituitary hormone that controls the release of glucocorticoids is

ACTH

Two hormones referred to as gonadotropins are

FSH and LH

The pituitary hormone that stimulates the breakdown of stored fats and the release of fatty acids into the bloods is

GH

The pituitary hormone that promotes testosterone release in males and ovulation in females is

LH

Which statement is true about the adrenal glands?

The adrenal cortex is most important in the control of sodium, potassium, and glucose blood levels.

The endocrine system

relies on the release of chemicals that bind to target cells.

Which endocrine gland stores its hormone in follicle cavities?

thyroid

Hormones from which of the following glands are responsible for the calorigenic effect?

thyroid gland

Triiodothyronine is a hormone secreted by the

thyroid gland

Thyroid hormones are derived from the amino acid

tyrosine

When a protein or peptide hormone binds to receptors on the surface of a cell,

a second messenger appears in the cytoplasm.

Increased sodium ion concentrations in the body can be caused by which adrenal hormone?

aldosterone

Steroid hormones

bind to intracellular receptors

The release of parathyroid hormone is controlled by

blood calcium ion levels

All hormones are

chemical messengers

Cells of the adrenal cortex produce

corticosteroids

One adrenal hormone that affects glucose metabolism is

cortisol

This condition develops when the posterior pituitary no longer releases adequate amounts of ADH.

diabetes insipidus

Diabetes insipidus can be caused by

failure of kidneys to respond to ADH

In the simplest case, endocrine activity may be controlled by changes in the extracellular fluid composition called ________ stimuli.

humoral

Hormones from the ________, which travel in the hypophyseal portal vessels, alter the activity of the anterior pituitary.

hypothalamus

Unlike other hormones, T3 and T4 hormones require ________ for production.

iodine

The hormone oxytocin

is involved in the milk "letdown" reflex

The target organs for the parathyroid hormone and calcitonin are

kidneys, bone, and digestive system

Cyclic AMP often causes activation of

kinase enzymes

The hormone responsible for daily changes in physiological processes that follow a day-night pattern is

melatonin

Which hormone is a very effective antioxidant, one that may protect CNS neurons from free radicals such as nitric oxide (NO) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)?

melatonin

Which of the following hormones is an amino acid derivative?

melatonin

Aldosterone is the principal

mineralocorticoid

The outer zone of the adrenal cortex produces

mineralocorticoids

Hormone concentration levels are most commonly controlled by

negative feedback

The effect of prolactin closely interacts with the hormone

oxytocin

The posterior pituitary gland stores

oxytocin (OT)

The hormone that causes the activation of osteoclasts is

parathyroid hormone

The hormone that inhibits osteoblasts is

parathyroid hormone

Which of the following hormones bind to membrane receptors and activate G-proteins?

peptide hormones

Melatonin is the hormone produced by the

pineal gland

Excessive urine production, which is a characteristic symptom of all forms of diabetes, is known as

polyuria

Hypothalamic hormones that stimulate the synthesis and secretion of one or more hormones in the anterior lobe are called

releasing hormone

Which of the following primarily targets the gonads (ovaries and testes)?

follicle-stimulating hormone

Which of the following hormones is secreted by the human pituitary during fetal development in very young children and in pregnant women, but is not usually found in adults?

MSH

The hormone leptin is secreted by (the)

adipose tissue

Increased levels of the hormone ________ will lead to decreased levels of calcium ions in the blood.

calcitonin

Parathyroid hormone stimulates the kidneys to form

calcitriol

Generally, the actions of hormones

can produce complex changes in physical structure and physiological changes.

Hypothalamic signals reach the anterior pituitary through the

hypophyseal portal system

The hypothalamus transports hormones to the posterior pituitary by way of

neural axons, directly

Peripheral structures sensitive to the presence of hormones are called

target cells

Target cells of hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones are located in the

anterior pituitary

Another name for antidiuretic hormone is

vasopressin

Disorders associated with thyroid hormone excess have symptoms related to

weight loss