A&P ~ Exam 2 Chapter 10

This condition develops when the posterior pituitary no longer releases adequate amounts of ADH. A) diabetes mellitus B) diabetes insipidus C) pituitary dwarfism D) exophthalmos E) gigantism

B) diabetes insipidus

Which of the following primarily targets the gonads (ovaries and testes)? A) growth hormone B) follicle-stimulating hormone C) prolactin D) insulin E) thyroxine

B) follicle-stimulating hormone

Which of the following hormones is an amino acid derivative? A) ADH B) melatonin C) oxytocin D) growth hormone E) prolactin

B) melatonin

Target cells of hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones are located in the A) thymus gland. B) suprarenal gland. C) anterior pituitary. D) posterior pituitary. E) testes.

C) anterior pituitary.

Peripheral structures sensitive to the presence of hormones are called A) exocrine cells. B) first messengers. C) target cells. D) second messengers. E) G-proteins.

C) target cells.

The release of parathyroid hormone is controlled by A) thyroid hormone. B) TSH. C) the hypothalamus. D) blood calcium ion levels. E) cellular oxygen consumption.

D) blood calcium ion levels.

The highest level of endocrine control is provided by the A) thyroid gland. B) pancreas. C) suprarenal glands. D) hypothalamus. E) thymus.

D) hypothalamus.

Unlike other hormones, T3 and T4 hormones require ________ for production. A) iron B) carbon C) phosphorus D) iodine E) fluorine

D) iodine

Cyclic AMP often causes activation of A) calcium ion channels. B) myosin kinase. C) phosphodiesterase. D) kinase enzymes. E) steroids.

D) kinase enzymes.

The hormone that inhibits osteoblasts is A) insulin. B) glucagon. C) growth hormone. D) parathyroid hormone. E) thyroid hormone.

D) parathyroid hormone.

The pituitary hormone that stimulates the breakdown of stored fats and the release of fatty acids into the bloods is A) TSH. B) ACTH. C) MSH. D) LH. E) GH.

E) GH.

Which statement regarding growth hormone (GH) is true? A) GH stimulates the breakdown of stored fats and the release of fatty acids into the blood. B) Liver cells respond to GH by releasing prostaglandins. C) Skeletal muscle cells and chondrocytes are extremely insensitive to GH. D) GH production is regulated by releasing and inhibiting hormones from the thyroid. E) In epithelial tissues, GH inhibits stem cell division.

A) GH stimulates the breakdown of stored fats and the release of fatty acids into the blood.

Which of the following hormones is secreted by the human pituitary during fetal development in very young children and in pregnant women, but is not usually found in adults? A) MSH B) TSH C) ACTH D) LH E) PRL

A) MSH

The effect of prolactin closely interacts with the hormone A) oxytocin. B) renin. C) ADH. D) melatonin. E) calcitonin.

A) oxytocin.

Which of the following hormones bind to membrane receptors and activate G-proteins? A) peptide hormones B) steroid hormones C) estrogen D) thyroid hormones E) cortisol

A) peptide hormones

Which of the following hormones enter a cell by diffusion? A) steroid hormones B) epinephrine and norepinephrine C) amino acid derivatives D) peptide hormones E) oxytocin

A) steroid hormones

Triiodothyronine is a hormone secreted by the A) thyroid gland. B) pancreas. C) parathyroid glands. D) hypothalamus. E) anterior pituitary.

A) thyroid gland.

The pituitary hormone that controls the release of glucocorticoids is A) TSH. B) ACTH. C) FSH. D) LH. E) MSH.

B) ACTH.

Two hormones referred to as gonadotropins are A) GH and TSH. B) FSH and LH. C) ADH and ACTH. D) PRL and OT. E) ADH and OT.

B) FSH and LH.

When a protein or peptide hormone binds to receptors on the surface of a cell, A) the hormone receptor complex moves into the cytoplasm. B) the plasma membrane becomes depolarized. C) a second messenger appears in the cytoplasm. D) the cell becomes inactive. E) the hormone is transported to the nucleus, where it alters the activity of the DNA.

C) a second messenger appears in the cytoplasm.

The hormone leptin is secreted by (the) A) pancreas. B) kidneys. C) adipose tissue. D) hypothalamus. E) anterior pituitary.

C) adipose tissue.

Increased levels of the hormone ________ will lead to decreased levels of calcium ions in the blood. A) thymosin B) parathyroid hormone C) calcitonin D) aldosterone E) cortisol

C) calcitonin

Diabetes insipidus can be caused by A) decreased levels of insulin. B) decreased numbers of insulin receptors. C) failure of the kidneys to respond to ADH. D) increased numbers of ADH receptors. E) increased levels of ADH.

C) failure of the kidneys to respond to ADH.

Where are the hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary made? A) thyroid B) anterior pituitary C) hypothalamus D) posterior pituitary E) suprarenal gland

C) hypothalamus

Hormone concentration levels are most commonly controlled by A) positive feedback. B) the quantity of circulating hormone. C) negative feedback. D) cellular demands. E) body temperature.

C) negative feedback.

Excessive urine production, which is a characteristic symptom of all forms of diabetes, is known as A) polyphagia. B) polydipsia. C) polyuria. D) polymyositis. E) diabetes mellitus.

C) polyuria.

The pituitary hormone that promotes testosterone release in males and ovulation in females is A) TSH. B) ACTH. C) FSH. D) LH. E) GH.

D) LH.

Which statement is true about the pituitary? A) The anterior pituitary controls the posterior pituitary. B) The alternate name for the pituitary is the infundibulum. C) The hypothalamus communicates with the anterior pituitary only. D) The pituitary hormones all work by activating G proteins and triggering cAMP within cells. E) The pituitary glands, both anterior and posterior, control every other endocrine gland.

D) The pituitary hormones all work by activating G proteins and triggering cAMP within cells.

The target organs for the parathyroid hormone and calcitonin are A) bone. B) kidney. C) digestive system. D) kidneys, bone, and digestive system. E) none of these.

D) kidneys, bone, and digestive system.

The posterior pituitary gland stores A) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). B) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). C) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). D) oxytocin (OT). E) melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH).

D) oxytocin (OT).

Hormones from which of the following glands are responsible for the calorigenic effect? A) pituitary gland B) suprarenal gland C) parathyroid gland D) thyroid gland E) thymus

D) thyroid gland

Thyroid hormones are derived from the amino acid A) lysine. B) leucine. C) glycine. D) tyrosine. E) thyronine.

D) tyrosine.

Which statement is true regarding steroid hormones? A) They are carbohydrates. B) They cannot diffuse through the plasma membrane. C) They do not bind to receptors in the cytoplasm or nucleus. D) They cannot change the nature or number of enzymes in the cytoplasm. E) They can alter the rate of mRNA transcription.

E) They can alter the rate of mRNA transcription.

All hormones are A) steroids. B) cholesterol-based. C) proteins. D) inorganic compounds. E) chemical messengers.

E) chemical messengers.

In the simplest case, endocrine activity may be controlled by changes in the extracellular fluid composition called ________ stimuli. A) hormonal B) cellular C) neural D) membrane E) humoral

E) humoral

Hypothalamic hormones that stimulate the synthesis and secretion of one or more hormones in the anterior lobe are called A) permissive hormones. B) synergistic hormones. C) regulating hormones. D) stimulating hormones. E) releasing hormones.

E) releasing hormones.

Another name for antidiuretic hormone is A) cortisol. B) parathyroid hormone. C) thymosin. D) growth hormone. E) vasopressin.

E) vasopressin.

The hypothalamus transports hormones to the posterior pituitary by way of A) neural axons, directly. B) direct mechanical control. C) releasing and inhibiting hormones. D) altering ion concentrations in the anterior pituitary. E) gap junctions.

A) neural axons, directly.

The hormone that causes the activation of osteoclasts is A) parathyroid hormone. B) thyroid hormone. C) calcitonin. D) glucagon. E) oxytocin.

A) parathyroid hormone.

Steroid hormones A) are proteins. B) are structurally similar to cholesterol. C) are the largest class of hormones. D) include pancreatic hormones. E) are secreted by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland.

B) are structurally similar to cholesterol.

Which of the following is released by the posterior pituitary? A) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) B) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) C) growth hormone (GH) D) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) E) melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)

D) antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Which endocrine gland stores its hormone in follicle cavities? A) anterior pituitary B) pancreas C) thymus D) thyroid E) posterior pituitary

D) thyroid

The endocrine system A) releases neurotransmitters into the bloodstream for distribution throughout the body. B) is regulated mainly by positive feedback. C) produces effects that last for seconds or minutes. D) is not involved in homeostasis. E) relies on the release of chemicals that bind to target cells.

E) relies on the release of chemicals that bind to target cells.

Disorders associated with thyroid hormone excess have symptoms related to A) weight loss. B) weight gain. C) diabetes. D) slow heartbeat. E) excess pigmentation of the skin.

A) weight loss.

Marissa has had her entire thyroid gland removed because of a malignant tumor. She takes synthetic thyroid hormone to replace the thyroxine that her thyroid gland would have produced, but she is worried about her blood calcium. Does she need to worry about this problem? A) No, the synthetic thyroid hormone will also control the calcium. B) Possibly, it depends on whether the parathyroid glands were taken with the thyroid by accident. C) No, hormones from the liver and kidneys will regulate calcium through the intestinal tract. D) Yes, without the calcitonin, high blood levels of calcium will cause convulsions. E) Yes, without the calcitonin she may suffer heart failure.

B) Possibly, it depends on whether the parathyroid glands were taken with the thyroid by accident.

Generally, the actions of hormones A) tend to be less widespread than the actions of the nervous system. B) can produce complex changes in physical structure and physiological changes. C) are faster to react than the nervous system. D) are shorter-lasting than the actions of the nervous system. E) do not affect homeostasis.

B) can produce complex changes in physical structure and physiological changes.

Hypothalamic signals reach the anterior pituitary through the A) infundibulum. B) hypophyseal portal system. C) hypothalamic axons. D) hypophysis. E) thymus.

B) hypophyseal portal system.

Hormones from the ________, which travel in the hypophyseal portal vessels, alter the activity of the anterior pituitary. A) brain stem B) hypothalamus C) cerebellum D) thyroid E) thalamus

B) hypothalamus

The hormone oxytocin A) reduces uterine contractions. B) is involved in the milk "letdown" reflex. C) regulates blood pressure. D) governs the ovarian cycle. E) stimulates melanocytes in the skin.

B) is involved in the milk "letdown" reflex.

An important second messenger in hormonal action is A) cAMP. B) calcitriol. C) insulin. D) calcium. E) glucagon.

A) cAMP.

Parathyroid hormone stimulates the kidneys to form A) calcitriol. B) renin. C) ADH. D) triiodothyronine. E) calcitonin.

A) calcitriol.

Peptide hormones are A) composed of chains of amino acids. B) released by the reproductive organs. C) derived from arachidonic acid. D) lipids. E) chemically related to cholesterol.

A) composed of chains of amino acids.

The nervous system A) is ideal for crisis management. B) communicates mainly by the release of hormones. C) has effects that are very long-lived. D) is regulated mainly by positive feedback. E) does not rely on the binding of receptors to target cells.

A) is ideal for crisis management.

Steroid hormones A) bind to receptors on the surface of the cell. B) function by way of a second messenger system. C) cannot diffuse through the plasma membrane. D) bind to intracellular receptors. E) function by activating cAMP.

D) bind to intracellular receptors.