A&P Exam 3
Place the events of a contraction cycle in the order in which they occur: 1. ATP hydrolysis 2. detachment of myosin head from actin 3. power stroke 4. crossbridge formation a. 1, 4, 2, 3 b. 1. 3, 4, 2 c. 1, 3, 2, 4 d. 1, 4, 3, 2 e. 1, 2, 3, 4
1, 4, 3, 2
Place the events at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) in the order in which they occur: 1. release of acetylcholine (ACh) 2. activation of ACh receptors on motor endplate 3. termination of ACh activity by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) 4. arrival of an action potential at the synaptic end bulb 5. diffusion of ACh across the synaptic cleft 6. opening of Na+ channels in the motor endplate 7. production of muscle fiber action potential 4, 1, 5, 6, 2, 7, 3 4, 1, 5, 2, 7, 6, 3 Correct Answer 4, 1, 5, 2, 6, 7, 3 4, 1, 5, 2, 3, 7, 6 4, 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 3
4, 1, 5, 2, 6, 7, 3
Which of the following is true of the development of muscle tissue? a. 42-44 pairs of somites that will yield skeletal muscle tissue appear by the end of the 5th week. b. Smooth muscle tissue develops from the endodermal cells associated with the intestines. c. Cardiac muscle tissue develops from the sclerotome layer of the somites. d. The dermatomes of the somites become muscle tissue. e. Most muscle tissue develops from ectoderm.
42-44 pairs of somites that will yield skeletal muscle tissue appear by the end of the 5th week.
A contraction cycle a. cannot begin until Ca2+ has bound to troponin. b. B and C are correct. c. cannot begin until Ca2+ has bound to tropomyosin. d. cannot begin until the myosin-binding sites on actin are exposed. e. A and B are correct.
A and B are correct.
A lever a. A, B and C are correct. b. provides mechanical advantage when a small effort can move a large load. c. that provides a mechanical advantage decreases the speed and distance needed to move a load. d. is a rigid structure that moves about a fixed point. e. A and B are correct.
A and B are correct.
Anaerobic cellular respiration a. A, B and C are correct. b. can produce energy for 30-40 seconds of contractions. c. A and B are correct. d. converts glucose to pyruvic acid and ultimately to lactic acid. e. requires O2.
A and B are correct.
Consider the anatomy of the pubic bones. They are joined by cartilage and allow limited movement. Their junction is classified as a(n): a. cartilaginous joint. b. A and B are correct. c. synarthrosis d. amphiarthrosis. e. A, B, and C are correct.
A and B are correct.
Rotation a. refers to movement of a bone around its own longitudinal axis. b. occurs at the atlanto-occipital joint. c. A, B and C are correct. d. A and B are correct. e. is further described by determining whether the anterior surface of a bone moves toward or away from the midline.
A and B are correct.
Skeletal muscle a. A and B are correct. b. is striated. c. is primarily regulated by hormones from the endocrine system. d. A, B and C are correct. e. is largely under voluntary control.
A and B are correct.
Structural classification of a joint is based on a. the type of connective tissue found that links the bones together. b. A, B and C are correct. c. the amount of space between the bones and the presence (or absence) of a synovial cavity. d. A and B are correct. e. the amount of movement allowed at the joint.
A and B are correct.
The ability to respond to stimuli by producing action potentials is a property of muscle tissue. is called electrical excitability. is not exhibited by nervous tissue. A, B and C are correct. A and B are correct.
A and B are correct.
Transverse tubules a. are filled with interstitial fluid. b. are actually tiny pockets of plasma membrane that extend into the muscle cell. c. A and B are correct. d. A, B and C are correct. e. prevent the spread of an action potential to the interior of a myofiber.
A and B are correct.
What is RICE therapy? a. A and B are correct. b. A, B and C are correct. c. a combination of rest, ice, compression and elevation d. an initial treatment for most sports injuries e. a therapy that should generally be used for 2-3 weeks after an injury
A and B are correct.
Which of the following acts on the NMJ to block stimulation of muscle contraction? a. You Answered curare b. botulinum toxin c. A and B are correct. neostigmine d. A, B and C are correct.
A and B are correct.
Which of the following are most commonly repaired via arthroplasty? a. knees b. A, B and C are correct. c. hips d. wrists e. A and B are correct.
A and B are correct.
Which of the following flex the forearm at the elbow? a. triceps brachii b. A and B are correct. c. brachialis d. A, B and C are correct. e. brachioradialis
A and B are correct.
Which of the following flex the wrist? a. flexor carpi ulnaris b. A, B and C are correct. c. flexor digitorum superficialis d. A and B are correct. e. flexor carpi radialis
A and B are correct.
Which of the following is an effect of aging on articulations? a. increased length of ligaments b. decreased flexibility of ligaments c. decreased synovial fluid production d. A, B and C are correct. e. A and B are correct.
A and B are correct.
Which of the following penetrates the diaphragm? a. A and B are correct. b. superior vena cava c. A, B and C are correct. d. esophagus e. inferior vena cava
A and B are correct.
Which of these muscles is found in the anterior compartment of the leg? a. A and B are correct. b. A, B and C are correct. c. fibularis (peroneus) longus d. tibialis anterior e. extensor hallucis longus
A and B are correct.
Smooth muscle tissue a. uses calmodulin to remove Ca2+ from the cytoplasm. b. B and C are correct. c. may be stimulated to contract by hormones. d. A and C are correct. e. has briefer contractions than skeletal muscle tissue.
A and C are correct.
Which of the following is true of a hip replacement? a. A partial hip replacement replaces only the femur. b. None of the possible side effects of the procedure are potentially life-threatening. c. Components used in the prosthesis usually provoke strong immune responses. d. The head of the femur is usually recycled for another patient. e. The acetabular replacement is usually made of metal alloys.
A partial hip replacement replaces only the femur.
A point of contact between two bones, bone and cartilage, or bone and teeth is called a(n) a. arthrosis b. articulation c. joint d. A, B and C are correct. e. A and B are correct.
A, B and C are correct.
A tendon a. A, B and C are correct. b. is an extension of the fused endomysium, perimysium and epimysium of a muscle. c. contains parallel bundles of collagen fibers. d. attaches a muscle to a bone. e. A and B are correct.
A, B and C are correct.
Fascicle arrangements a. affect the range of motion of muscles. b. affect the power of muscles. c. A and B are correct. d. are named based on their orientation with the tendon of the muscle. e. A, B and C are correct.
A, B and C are correct.
How do muscle fibers produce ATP? a. from creatine phosphate b. through aerobic cellular respiration c. A, B and C are correct. d. through anaerobic cellular respiration e. A and B are correct.
A, B and C are correct.
Lower limb muscles function in a. A and B are correct. b. maintaining stability. c. maintaining posture. d. A, B and C are correct. e. moving the body.
A, B and C are correct.
Muscles of facial expression a. A and B are correct. b. are innervated by the facial (VII) nerve. c. generally insert on the skin. d. A, B and C are correct. e. generally originate from bones of the facial skull.
A, B and C are correct.
Tendon sheaths a. eare associated with the wrist, ankle, fingers and toes. b. A, B and C are correct. c. help reduce friction between moving parts. d. are tube-like bursae. e. A and B are correct.
A, B and C are correct.
What is the relationship of exercise to skeletal muscle fibers? a. Strength training exercises can induce production of more filaments in FG fibers. b. Endurance exercise can transform some FG fibers into FOG fibers. c. A and B are correct. d. Exercise does not change the number of skeletal muscle fibers. e. A, B and C are correct.
A, B and C are correct.
Which of the following contributes to the pelvic floor? a. iliococcygeus b. A, B and C are correct. c. coccygeus d. A and B are correct. e. pubococcygeus
A, B and C are correct.
Which of the following elevates the scapula? a. rhomboids b. trapezius c. A and B are correct. d. levator scapulae e. A, B and C are correct.
A, B and C are correct.
Which of the following is located in the posterior compartment of the forearm? a. A and B are correct. b. extensor carpi ulnaris c. abductor pollicis brevis d. extensor indicis e. A, B and C are correct.
A, B and C are correct.
Which of the following muscles extends the head on the neck? a. longissimus capitis b. A and B are correct. c. semispinalis capitis d. A, B and C are correct. e. splenius capitis
A, B and C are correct.
Which of the following muscles is used in breathing? A. A, B and C are correct. b. external intercostals c. internal intercostals d. A and B are correct. e. diaphragm
A, B and C are correct.
The muscles that flex the leg and extend the thigh a. include the semimebranosus and the semitendinosus. b. A, B and Care correct. c. are found in the posterior compartment of the thigh. d. are collectively called the hamstrings. e. A and B are correct.
A, B and Care correct.
Arthroplasty a. All of the above are correct. b. is used to relieve pain. c. replaces the patient's joints with metal, ceramic and/or plastic components. d. is used to restore function of a joint. e. is the surgical replacement of diseased or damaged joints.
All of the above are correct.
Cardiac muscle tissue a. is autorhythmic. b. contains branched cells that are connected by intercalated discs. c. All of the above are correct. d. maintains contractions for longer periods of time than skeletal muscle tissue. e. obtains Ca2+ required for contraction from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the interstitial fluid.
All of the above are correct.
Compartment syndrome a. All of the above are correct. b. results when pressure constricts structures within a compartment. c. is characterized by pain, pale skin, burning and/or paralysis. d. may result from crushing injuries or from contusions. e. may be treated by fasciotomy.
All of the above are correct.
Synovial fluid a. helps absorb mechanical shocks. b. All of the above are correct. c. removes wastes and CO2 from cartilages in diarthroses. d. lubricates diarthrotic joints. e. brings nutrients and O2 to cartilage in diarthroses.
All of the above are correct.
The general activities of the hand depend on the functions of intrinsic hand muscles and include a. All of the above are correct. b. free motion c. precision handling d. power grip e. pinching
All of the above are correct.
Which of the following is true of vertebrocostal joints? a. They occur between the costal heads and the facets of bodies of adjacent vertebrae. b. They are gliding joints. c. They are synovial joints. d. They occur between the costal tubercles and the facets of vertebral transverse processes. e. All of the above are correct.
All of the above are correct.
Which of the following is true? a. All of the above are correct. b. Muscles pull on bones; they do not push bones. c. The main movement that occurs when the muscle contracts is the action of the muscle. d. The end of the muscle attached to the bone that moves most is the insertion of the muscle. e. The end of the muscle attached to the bone that moves least is the origin of that muscle.
All of the above are correct.
Which of the following may be the basis for the name of a muscle? a. the action of the muscle b. the size of the muscle c. the location of the muscle d. the direction of the muscle's fasicles e. All of the above may be used to name a muscle.
All of the above may be used to name a muscle.
Aerobic cellular respiration a. requires O2, which can be obtained from hemoglobin or myoglobin. b is required for muscle activities lasting longer than one minute. c. All of these are correct. d. occurs in the mitochondria. e. converts the pyruvate from glycolysis into CO2, H2O, heat and ATP.
All of these are correct.
Which of the following is true of a twitch contraction? a. During its relaxation period, an action potential moves across the sarcolemma and T tubules. b. During its latent period, Ca2+ binds to troponin. c. All of the above are correct. d. During its contraction period, Ca2+ is actively transported in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. e. During a twitch, all fibers in a motor unit respond to an action potential in a motor neuron.
During a twitch, all fibers in a motor unit respond to an action potential in a motor neuron.
How is excitation of the sarcolemma coupled to the contraction of a muscle fiber? a. Excitation causes synthesis of more calsequestrin, thus allowing more Ca2+ to be stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. b. Excitation continues into the T-tubules causing Ca2+ release channels to open, thus starting a contraction cycle. c. Excitation continues into the T-tubules causing Ca2+ active transport channels to open, thus removing Ca2+ from the cytoplasm. d. Excitation causes a number of intracellular events, which lower Ca2+ levels, thus stimulating a contraction cycle. e. Excitation causes Ca2+ to be released from troponin, thus allowing more cross-bridges to form between myosin and actin.
Excitation continues into the T-tubules causing Ca2+ release channels to open, thus starting a contraction cycle.
Which of the following is NOT true of the effect of aging on muscular tissue? a. Fibrous connective tissue and adipose tissue replace skeletal muscle tissue as age increases. b. The loss of skeletal muscle tissue may be related to decreased physical activity with age. c. Skeletal muscle strength tends to decrease as age increases. d. Exercise has little effect on delaying or reversing age-related loss of skeletal muscle function. e. The ratio of slow oxidative fibers to other skeletal muscle types increases with age.
Exercise has little effect on delaying or reversing age-related loss of skeletal muscle function.
A man stands on his left foot. He holds his right thigh parallel to the ground with his right (lower) leg perpendicular to the ground. Which of the following is true? a. His left and right knees are flexed. b. His left knee is flexed, but his right knee is extended. c. His left knee is extended, but his right knee is flexed. d. His left and right knees are extended. e. His left knee is extended, but his right knee is hyperextended.
His left knee is extended, but his right knee is flexed.
Which of the following is true of the elbow joint? a. It allows abduction and adduction. b. It has no articular capsule. c. It is considered a synarthroses functionally. d. It is a pivot joint. e. It consists of the radial, the humeral trochlea and the ulnar trochlear notch.
It consists of the radial, the humeral trochlea and the ulnar trochlear notch.
All of the following is true of rigor mortis EXCEPT: a. Ca2+ binds to troponin allowing crossbridges to form. b. Muscles contract until proteolytic enzymes from the lysosomes digest crossbridges. c. Cellular membranes become leaky after death. d. Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum accumulates in the cytoplasm. e. Myosin ATPase activity allows the contraction cycle to repeat indefinitely.
Myosin ATPase activity allows the contraction cycle to repeat indefinitely.
Which of the following is NOT true? a. Somatic motor neurons control skeletal muscle contraction. b. Several nerves accompany each artery that penetrates a muscle cell. c. A muscle fiber uses large amounts of ATP during contraction. d. Muscle tissue is highly vascular. e. Somatic motor neurons branch; each branch may control a muscle fiber.
Several nerves accompany each artery that penetrates a muscle cell.
All of the following are true of muscle tissue regeneration EXCEPT: a. Most body tissues have more regenerative capacity than the muscle tissues. b. Skeletal muscle tissue retains its mitotic ability and ability to regenerate throughout life. c. Cardiac muscle tissue has limited regenerative capacity. d. Smooth muscle fibers of the uterus and arterial walls have regenerative capacity. e. Healthy cardiac muscle fibers may undergo hypertrophy to compensate for damaged cells.
Skeletal muscle tissue retains its mitotic ability and ability to regenerate throughout life.
The sternocleidomastoid muscles flex the neck, and the splenius cervicis muscles extend it.What is the relationship between these muscles when bowing your head? a. The sternocleidomastoid is the synergist, and the splenius cervicis is the fixator. b. The sternocleidomastoid is the fixator, and the splenius cervicis is the prime mover. c. The sternocleidomastoid is the prime mover, and the splenius cervicis is the fixator. d. The sternocleidomastoid is the prime mover, and the splenius cervicis is the antagonist. e. The sternocleidomastoid is the prime mover, and the splenius cervicis is the synergist.
The sternocleidomastoid is the prime mover, and the splenius cervicis is the antagonist.
Which of the following does NOT happen during a muscle contraction? a. The myofiber and the muscle itself shorten. b. The myosin heads bind to actin. c. The thick and thin filaments shorten. d. The sarcomere shortens. e. The myosin heads pull the thin filaments toward the M line.
The thick and thin filaments shorten.
Which of the following is true of gliding movements? a. A, B and C are correct. b. A and B are correct. c. One bone involved has a rounded process that fits into a fossa on the other bone. d. There is no significant alteration of the angle between the bones involved. e. They occur at the metacarpal:phalangeal joints.
There is no significant alteration of the angle between the bones involved.
Which is NOT true of the muscles of the perineum? a. They are inferior to the pelvic diaphragm. b. They assist in urination and ejaculation in males and in urination and orgasm in females. c. They are found in a single layer. d. They include the urethral and anal sphincters. e. They include the ischiocavernosus, bulbospongiosus and transverse perineal muscles.
They are found in a single layer.
Which of the following accurately describes the filaments of skeletal muscle tissue? a. Neither thick nor thin filaments are directly involved in muscle contraction. b. Thick and thin filaments overlap each other within the A band of the sarcomere. c. The filaments extend through the entire length of the myofiber. d. Thin filaments are more abundant than thick filaments in the H zone of the A band. e. The thin filaments have twice the diameter and half the numbers of the thick filaments.
Thick and thin filaments overlap each other within the A band of the sarcomere.
Each of the following is true EXCEPT that: a. a single muscle fiber is controlled by through a single neuromuscular junction. b. a motor unit consists of a somatic motor neuron and the skeletal muscle fibers it controls. c. a single motor neuron controls a single muscle fiber. d. the strength of a muscle contraction depends on the e. number of motor units stimulated. f. the strength of a muscle contraction depends on the size of the motor units stimulated.
a single motor neuron controls a single muscle fiber.
Which of the following is an example of a synarthrosis? a. the atlanto-occipital joint b. the elbow c. the knee d. a suture in the skull e. the vertebral column
a suture in the skull
An instructor tells students in a P.E. class to place their arms at their sides. Then she tells them to raise their arms away from their bodies until the arms are at shoulder level and their bodies form a letter T. During the last movement described the students ____ their arms. a. adducted b. rotated c. circumducted d. flexed e. abducted
abducted
The outer fibrous layer of the articular capsule a. attaches to the endosteum of bones. b. A and B are correct. c. allows a wide range of motion at a joint. d. A, B and C are correct. e. facilitates the dislocation of bones.
allows a wide range of motion at a joint.
The radioulnar joint a. allows a wide range of motions. b. is considered an amphiarthrotic joint by function. c. occurs at the distal ends of the ulna and radius. d. is considered a synovial joint by structure. e. allows pronation and supination.
allows pronation and supination.
The hip joint a. A, B and C are correct. b. A and B are correct. c. allows the same types of motion but not the same ranges of motion as the shoulder joint. d. is a ball-and-socket (spheroidal), amphiarthrotic joint. e. occurs between the head of the humerus and the acetabulum.
allows the same types of motion but not the same ranges of motion as the shoulder joint.
Thin filaments a. are composed of titin. b. are able to convert chemical energy to mechanical energy. c. are composed of actin, troponin and tropomyosin. d. are connected to the M lines. e. are the proteins that anchor thick filaments to the Z discs.
are composed of actin, troponin and tropomyosin.
Thick filaments a. are primarily structural proteins. b. are able to convert mechanical energy into chemical energy. c. are composed of different types of proteins that appear as beads on a string. d. are composed primarily of myosin. e. are primarily regulatory proteins.
are composed primarily of myosin.
Which of the following muscles is NOT part of the quadriceps femoris? a. vastus intermedius b. rectus femoris c. vastus lateralis d. biceps femoris e. vastus medialis
biceps femoris
All of the following are muscles that move the mandible EXCEPT the: a. medial pterygoid b. masseter c. temporalis d. lateral pterygoid e. buccinator
buccinator
Arthritis a. causes joints to swell, stiffen and become painful. b. affects fewer than one million people worldwide. c. All of the above are correct. d. occurs in only one form. e. rarely affects anyone over 65 years old.
causes joints to swell, stiffen and become painful.
A muscle fiber (myofiber) is a muscle a. protein. b. contractile unit. c. cell. d. sarcomere. e. A and B are correct.
cell
Which of the following is NOT an extrinsic muscle of the eye? a. inferior rectus b. superior rectus c. inferior oblique d. ciliary e. superior oblique
ciliary
Motor unit recruitment a. occurs when the number of motor units involved in muscle contraction decreases. b. prevents sustained contraction of a muscle group. c. promotes muscle fatigue. d. inhibits fine adjustments to muscle strength. e. contributes to the production of smooth rather than jerky movements.
contributes to the production of smooth rather than jerky movements.
Which of the following is a function of muscle tissue? a. destabilizing body position b. controlling flow of materials out of the stomach and urinary bladder c. storing calcium d. absorbing heat from the environment e. storage of triglycerides
controlling flow of materials out of the stomach and urinary bladder
The primary function of muscle is a. conversion of chemical energy into radiant energy. b. conversion of heat energy into chemical energy. c. conversion of mechanical energy into heat energy. d. conversion of chemical energy into mechanical energy. e. conversion of heat energy into mechanical energy.
conversion of chemical energy into mechanical energy.
Muscular atrophy a. is in increase in muscle mass due to increased numbers of myofibrils. b. is a decrease in muscle mass due to loss of myofibrils. c. is the result of overuse of muscles. d. is always reversible, no matter what the cause. e. is an increase in muscle mass due to increased numbers of myofibers.
decrease in muscle mass due to loss of myofibrils.
Which muscle is the primary abductor of the arm? a. subscapularis b. deltoid c. corachobrachialis d. teres major e. supraspinatus
deltoid
Which of the following is a functional classification of joints and applies to joints that allow a wide range of motion? a. amphiarthrosis b. fibrous c. synarthrosis d. cartilaginous e. diarthrosis
diarthrosis
A first class lever a. may be represented as FEL. b. extends a bowed head on the vertebral column. c. is the least common lever system in the body. d. allows a ballerina to stand on her toes. e. allows the forearm to flex on the arm.
extends a bowed head on the vertebral column.
The ability of a muscle tissue to stretch without being damaged is called a. elasticity. b. extensibility. c. irritability. d. electrical excitability. e. contractility.
extensibility
Which of the following is NOT an intrinsic muscle of the foot? a. flexor digitorum brevis b. abductor hallucis c. lumbricals d. extensor digitorum longus e. abductor digiti minimi
extensor digitorum longus
Which muscle does NOT dorsiflex the foot? a. fibularis (peroneus) longus b. fibularis (peroneus) tertius c. extensor hallucis longus d. extensor digitorum longus e. tibialis anterior
fibularis (peroneus) longus
Which motions are NOT observed for the scapula? a. elevation and depression b. upward and downward rotation c. abduction and adduction d. protraction and retraction e. flexion and extension
flexion and extension
Which muscle extends the thigh at the hip joint and laterally rotates the thigh? a. piriformis b. gluteus minimus c. gluteus maximus d. tensor fascia latae e. gluteus medius
gluteus maximus
Sutures a. are found in the skull and the acetabulum. b. that are replaced by bone are called gomphoses. c. are classified as diarthroses. d. consist of a thick layer of loose connective tissue. e. have interlocking edges that reduce the likelihood of a fracture.
have interlocking edges that reduce the likelihood of a fracture.
Deep fascia a. holds muscles with similar functions together. b. blocks the penetration of nerves and blood vessels into muscles. c. is composed of loose (aerolar) connective tissue. d. limits movement of muscles. e. is found between the muscles and the skin.
holds muscles with similar functions together.
A person tilting her head back so that she can up at the stars ____ her head on her neck. a. hyperextends b. extends c. laterally flexes d. adducts e. flexes
hyperextends
Intramuscular injections are usually given a. when medications must be absorbed more quickly than possible through I.V. administration. b. in the biceps brachii of an adolescent. c. in the gluteus maximus of an adult. d. when medications must be absorbed more slowly than possible through oral administration. e. in the vastus lateralis of a child.
in the vastus lateralis of a child.
Which of the following is NOT a muscle of the abdominal wall? a. intercostal muscle b. quadratus lumborum c. external oblique d. internal oblique e. rectus abdominis
intercostal muscle
Osteoarthritis a. is an autoimmune disorder. b. attacks primarily the synovial membrane. c. is a regenerative bone disease. d. is a progressive disorder of synovial joints. e. results in hypertrophy of articular cartilage.
is a progressive disorder of synovial joints.
Rheumatism a is any painful condition of the supporting structures of the body. b. A and B are correct. c. A, B and C are correct. d. is any infection of the supporting structures of the body. e. excludes arthritis.
is any painful condition of the supporting structures of the body.
A skeletal myofiber a. has one centrally located nucleus. b. is derived from embryonic cells called myoblasts. c. A and B are correct. d. retains mitotic potential even in the adult. e. A, B and C are correct.
is derived from embryonic cells called myoblasts.
The sarcoplasm a. contains hemoglobin to store O2. b. includes many nuclei. c. is enriched with glycogen. d. is the extracellular fluid around a myofiber. e. contains few mitochondria.
is enriched with glycogen.
Smooth muscle a. moves blood through the heart b. is striated. c. is located in the coverings of solid organs. d. is regulated by the autonomic division of the nervous system. e. is largely under voluntary control.
is regulated by the autonomic division of the nervous system.
Cardiac muscle a. contraction is dependent on stimulation by the nervous system. b. is striated. c. is largely under voluntary control. d. is unaffected by hormones. e. is found in the walls of blood vessels and in the heart.
is striated.
Oxygen debt (recovery oxygen uptake) a. is the amount of O2 required by the body to convert creatine phosphate to pyruvate. b. is the amount of O2 required by the body to recuperate from exercise. c. is the amount of O2 required by the body to remove O2 from myoglobin. d. is the amount of O2 required by the body to convert ATP to ADP. e. is the amount of O2 required by the body to convert glycogen into lactic acid.
is the amount of O2 required by the body to recuperate from exercise.
The shoulder joint a. is the articulation of the head of the humerus with the glenoid fossa of the scapula. b. is considered an amphiarthrosis functionally. c. has less range of motion than the hip joint. d. has greater stability than the hip joint. e. is considered a cartilaginous joint structurally.
is the articulation of the head of the humerus with the glenoid fossa of the scapula.
The synovial membrane a. consists of columnar epithelial cells. b. makes mucous to lubricate the joints. c. includes accumulations of dense connective tissue. d. is the inner layer of the articular capsule. e. All of the above are correct.
is the inner layer of the articular capsule.
A third class lever a. is the most common lever system in the human body. b. favors force over range of motion. c. may be represented as FLE. d. always produce a mechanical advantage. e. favors force over speed.
is the most common lever system in the human body.
A prime mover (agonist) a. is destabilized by contraction of a fixator. b. is assisted by contraction of an antagonist. c. is opposed by contraction of a synergist. d. is the muscle most responsible for a particular action. e. All of the above are correct.
is the muscle most responsible for a particular action.
The gastrocnemius a. is the prominent, superficial muscle of the calf. b. extends the knee. c. All of these are correct. d. everts the foot. e. dorsiflexes the foot.
is the prominent, superficial muscle of the calf.
A neuromuscular junction (NMJ) a. includes the synaptic end bulbs of the muscle fiber. b. uses Na+ as a neurotransmitter. c. includes the motor endplates of the motor neuron. d. All of the above are correct. e. is the synapse of a motor neuron with a muscle fiber.
is the synapse of a motor neuron with a muscle fiber.
Which joint in the body is most likely to be injured? a. suture b. hip c. shoulder d. elbow e. knee
knee
Which of the following is NOT classified as a special movement? a. inversion b. lateral flexion c. opposition d. pronation e. protraction
lateral flexion
An instructor raises his eyebrows because he is very surprised by a student's comment in class. Which of the following muscles is involved in his surprised expression? a. depressor labii inferioris b. corrugator supercilii c. orbicularis oculi d. buccinator e. occipitofrontalis
occipitofrontalis
Creatine phosphate a. is much less plentiful in the cytoplasm than is ATP. b. is produced when ATP levels in a muscle cell are depressed. c. production requires the activity of creatine kinase. d. provides enough energy for 15 minutes of muscle activity. e. provides enough energy to run a 10 Km race.
production requires the activity of creatine kinase.
Superficial fascia a. promotes heat loss. b. is found between the skeletal muscles and the bones. c. stores most of the body's proteins. d. is composed primarily of dense connective tissue. e. provides a route for lymphatic and blood vessels as well as nerves to enter muscles.
provides a route for lymphatic and blood vessels as well as nerves to enter muscles.
Which muscle does NOT flex the thigh? a. adductor brevis b. pectineus c. adductor longus d. quadratus femoris e. adductor magnus
quadratus femoris
Which of the abdominal muscles attaches to the 12th ribs and adjust their positions during forced respirations? a. quadratus lumborum b. rectus abdominis c. external oblique d. internal oblique e. intercostal muscle
quadratus lumborum
Repetition of the contraction cycle a. A, B and C are correct. b. requires the absence of ATP. c. requires the action of the d. ATPase found on actin. d. A and B are correct. e. requires the presence of an adequate number of Ca2+ ions.
requires the presence of an adequate number of Ca2+ ions.
Slow oxidative muscle fibers a. are the largest and most powerful of the skeletal muscle fiber types. b. are the muscle cells most involved in short-term activity such as sprinting. c. All of the above are correct. d. contract rapidly and generate ATP anaerobically. e. resist fatigue and contain large amounts of myoglobin.
resist fatigue and contain large amounts of myoglobin.
Muscle tone a. is a property of skeletal, but not, smooth muscle tissue. b. results from involuntary contractions of alternating small groups of motor units. c. is maintained by conscious control from the autonomic division of the nervous system. d. blocks muscle contractions not needed for movement of the body. e. increases when motor nerves to a muscle group are damaged.
results from involuntary contractions of alternating small groups of motor units.
Each of the following is classified as an angular movement EXCEPT: a. flexion b. rotation c. hyperextension d. extension e. circumduction
rotation
The muscle that serves as a landmark for dividing the neck into anterior and posterior triangles is the a. semispinalis capitis b. anterior scalene c. posterior scalene d. sternocleidomastoid e. splenius capitus
sternocleidomastoid
Which of the following is NOT considered an anterior neck muscle? a. sternocleidomastoid b. geniohyoid c. omohyoid d. sternohyoid e. digastric
sternocleidomastoid
The sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscle tissue a. is part of the transverse tubule. b. is a thread of protein running the length of the muscle cell. c. removes Ca2+ from the sarcoplasm so that an action potential can be generated. d. is called rough endoplasmic reticulum in other tissues. e. stores Ca2+ ions required for muscle contraction.
stores Ca2+ ions required for muscle contraction.
All of the following contribute to the rotator cuff EXCEPT the a. infraspinatus b. supraspinatus c. teres major d. teres minor e. subscapularis
teres major
Each of the following lies in the anterior triangle of the neck EXCEPT a. the cranial nerves IX, X, XI and XII. b. the submandibular gland. c. the external jugular vein. d. the common carotid arteries. e. the internal jugular vein.
the external jugular vein
Which of the following groups of muscles does NOT move the vertebral column? a. the splenius group b. the erector spinae c. the rhomboid group d. the transversopinales e. the scalenes
the rhomboid group
Each of the following is true of extrinsic muscles of the tongue EXCEPT that a. they alter the shape of the tongue rather than moving the entire tongue. b. they move the entire tongue. c. they originate outside the tongue and insert into it. d. with one exception, they are innervated by the hypoglossal (XII) nerve. e. they have names ending in -glossus.
they alter the shape of the tongue rather than moving the entire tongue.
Which muscle of facial expression is the prime mover for smiling? a. mentalis b. zygomaticus major c. orbicularis oris d. risorius e. levator labii superioris
zygomaticus major