A&P: Facial bones/sinuses
The temporomandibular joints are classified functionally as _______ joints with a _______ type movement
diarthrodial, hinge (gliding)
tripod fracture
fracture of the zygomatic arch and orbital floor or rim and dislocation of the frontozygomatic suture
contrecoup fracture
fracture to one side of a structure caused by trauma to the other side
The __________ sinuses are located behind a person's forehead, specifically behind the glabella
frontal
which paranasal sinus group is superior to the other sinus groups?
frontal
which of the following cranial bones contains a paranasal sinus? frontal bone temporal bone sphenoid bone
frontal bone sphenoid bone
The most superior paranasal sinus is the:
frontal sinus
what seven bones form the orbit?
frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, maxilla, zygoma, palatine, lacrimal
name the three processes of the malar bone
frontal, maxillary, temporal
name the four groups of sinuses
frontal, sphenoidal, ethmoidal, maxillary
name the four processes of the maxilla
frontal, zygomatic, palatine, alveolar
the lateral wall of the orbit comprises the ______ and ______bones
frontal; zygoma
The majority of the lateral orbital wall and the cheek is formed by the:
malar bone
Which bone does not form any portion of the nasal cavity or septum?
malar bone
multiple myeloma
malignant neoplasm of plasma cells involving the bone marrow and causing destruction of the bone
where is the vomer bone found?
on the floor of the nasal cavity
where are the lacrimal bones located?
on the medial wall of each orbit
the optic foramen transmits the _________ nerve and the ______ artery
optic; opthalmic
the portion of the mandible that extends superiorly from the posterior aspect of the mandibular body is the ________
ramus
The bony orbit is NOT formed by which of the following bones: Lacrimal bone ethmoid bone temporal bone shpenoid bone
temporal bone
osteoma
tumor composed of bony tissue
List name and quantity the 14 facial bones
-maxillae (2) -palatine (2) -zygomatic (2) -lacrimal (2) -nasal (2) -inferior nasal conchae (2) -vomer (1) -mandible (1)
list 5 functions of the sinus cavities
-resonating chamber for the voice -decrease the weight of the skull by containing air -help warm and moisten inhaled air -shock absorbers in trauma -possibly control the immune system
what three structures form the septum of the nose?
-vomer -septal cartilage -perpendicular plate of the ethmoid
The roof of the mouth (hard palate) is formed by the inferior surfaces of the:
1. maxillary bone 2. palatine bones
name three functions of the paranasal sinuses
1. warm and moisten inhaled air 2. lighten the weight of the skull 3. intensify the resonance of the voice (sound chamber)
the _______ extend posteriorly from the body of the hyoid bone
2 greater cornua (horns)
the orbit consists of ________ cranial bones and ______ facial bones
3;4
midpoint of the anterior nasal spine:
acanthion
the radiographically significant landmark that is the midpoint of the anterior nasal spine is the _____________
acanthion
the surface landmark associated with the anterior nasal spine at the junction of the upper lip and nose is called the:
acanthion
which positioning landmark is located on the maxillae?
acanthion
spongy processes that hold the teeth
alveolar
the thick ridge on the inferior border of the maxillary bone that supports the teeth is the _____________
alveolar process
the thick, spongy ridge of bone for the reception of the roots of the teeth is termed the:
alveolar process
The maxillary sinus is often referred to as the:
antrum of highmore
the most posterior part of the orbit is the ______ and corresponds to the ________
apex; optic foramen
the rim of the orbit is known as the _______
base
acoustic neuroma
benign tumor arising from Schwann cells of the eighth cranial nerve
LeFort Fracture
bilateral horizontal fractures of the maxillae
this occurs when the front of the orbit is struck solidly forcing the eyeball and associated structures through the floor of the orbit
blowout fracture
horseshoe-shaped mandibular portion
body
articulating process of the mandible
condyle
the part of the mandible that articulates with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone to form the TMJ is the ___________
condyle
which term refers to the posterior process of the mandibular ramus?
condyle
the two processes that extend superiorly from a mandibular ramus are the ___________ and the _________ process
condyle; coronoid
The rounded articulating condyles of the mandible that help form the temporomandibular joint are called the:
condyloid processes
anterior part of the mandibular ramus
coronoid
which term refers to the anterior process of the mandibular ramus?
coronoid
In what way is the hyoid bone unique among the bones of the skeleton?
does not articulate with any other bone
TMJ syndrome
dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
the ______ sinuses consist of three groups of air cells located between the nasal cavity and each orbit
ethmoid
Which sinus group is subdivided into three main groups?
ethmoidal
sinuses contain a thick semigelatinous material referred to as _______
exudate
number of facial bones:
fourteen
depressed fracture
fracture causing a portion of the skull to be pushed into the cranial cavity
basal fracture
fracture located at the base of the skull
Blowout fracture
fracture of the floor of the orbit
the joints formed by the articulations of the teeth with bony sockets of the maxillae and mandible are known as ________
gomphoses
The angle of the mandible is called the _________
gonion
landmark at the angle of the mandible
gonion
vertical mandibular portion is:
head
The _______ bone is located at the base of the tongue between the mandible and the larynx in the anterior portion of the neck
hyoid
the U shaped bone located at the base of the tongue is the ___________ bone
hyoid
Using topical anatomy, where would I find the TMJ?
in front of the EAM
thin, scroll-like bones that extend horizontally inside the nasal cavity
inferior conachae
the ________ attach to the walls of the maxillary bones and extend medially into the nasal cavity
inferior nasal conchae
the scroll-like bony tissues that extend along the lateral walls of the nasal cavity are the _______________
inferior nasal conchae
Sinusitis
inflammation of one or more of the paranasal sinuses
mastoiditis
inflammation of the mastoid antrum and air cells
the _______ foramina are located inferior to the orbit in the maxilla and transmit the infraorbital nerve and artery
infraorbital foramina
linear fracture
irregular or jagged fracture of the skull
The ___________ bones are small bones are small bones located in the anterior part of the medial orbital wall
lacrimal
The anterior portion of the medial walls of the orbits is formed by the ___________ bones
lacrimal
found in the medial walls of the orbits
lacrimal
the _________ facial bone is located on the interior medial wall of the orbit
lacrimal
the tear ducts are associated with the ________ bones
lacrimal
The only moveable bones in the normal adult skull are the:
mandible
This bone is referred to as the lower jawbone
mandible
largest facial bone is:
mandible
the largest and densest bone of the face is the _____
mandible
the largest and densest bone of the face is the _______
mandible
the _______ foramina are located on the medial surface of the mandibular rami and transmit the ___________ nerve and vessels
mandibular; inferior alveolar
The largest of the immovable bones of the face is the ________ bone
maxilla
This bone is referred to as the upper jawbone
maxilla
the _______ is the largest of the immovable bones of the face
maxilla
the inferior border of the orbit consists of the ________ and ______ bones
maxilla and zygoma
the anterior nasal spine projects superiorly from the _________
maxillae
which facial bones have alveolar processes?
maxillae and mandible
the inferior surface of the vomer articulates with the ______________
maxillae and palatine
Which of the sinuses are the first to be pneumatized?
maxillary
which paranasal sinuses are mostly located inferior to the orbits?
maxillary
the body of each maxilla contains a large, pyramidal cavity called the ______________
maxillary sinus
the mental foramina are located inferior to the second premolar tooth in the mandible and transmit the _______ nerves and vessels
mental
The midpoint of the flat, triangular area on the chin is a positioning landmark known as the ____________
mental point
The word _______ refers to chin
mentum
The inferior nasal conchae are covered with _____________ to warm, moisten and cleanse inhaled air
mucous membrane
The facial bones that form the bridge of the nose are the ________ bones
nasal
the bridge of the nose is formed by the right and left _________ bones
nasal
which bones comprise the bridge of the nose?
nasal
the lacrimal canal is a bony groove through the lacrimal bone that serves to connect the:
nasal and orbital cavities
forms the bridge of the nose:
nasal bone
the surface areas of the nasal cavities are divided into two more or less equal sides by a bony separation called the:
nasal septum
The junction of the nasal bones and the frontal bones corresponds to a useful surface landmark called:
nasion
found in the roof of the mouth:
palatine
the ______ process of the maxillae forms the anterior 3/4th of the hard palate
palatine
the _______ facial bone is located at the apex of the orbit
palatine
the facial bones that form the posterior one fourth of the roof of the mouth are the __________ bones
palatine
which bones form the posterior one fourth of the roof of the mouth?
palatine
What are the two L-shaped facial bones that form part of the posterior hard palate and posterior portion of the nasal cavity know as?
palatine bone
The nasal cavities have a continuous membrane with a series of cavities within the cranial bones called the:
paranasal sinuses
The majority of the upper portion of the nasal septum is formed by the:
perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
The small U-shaped hyoid bone situated below the floor of the mouth aids in the act of:
phonation and swallowing
in the lateral projection of the mandible, the condyloid process is:
posterior to the coronoid process
The two vertical portions of the mandible are called ___________
rami
The only synovial joints in the cranium, other than the auditory ossicles, are the _____ and ______
right TMJ, left TMJ
The sphenoid sinus is located anterior and inferior to what other structure of the sphenoid bone?
sella turcica
Which sinus is of primary importance in showing a basilar skull fracture?
sphenoid (sphenoid effusion)
the most posterior paranasal sinus is the:
sphenoid sinus
the root of the bone separating the superior orbital fissure and the optic canal is the _________
sphenoid strut
which paranasal sinus group is posterior to the ethmoidal sinuses?
sphenoidal
which paranasal sinuses are located directly below the sella turcica?
sphenoidal
The opening between the greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid, seen in the orbit, is the ______
superior orbital fissure
The right and left halves of the mandible meet at a small vertical ridge called the ____________
symphysis, symphsis menti
with which bone does the mandible articulate?
temporal
metastases
transfer of a cancerous lesion from one area to another
A type of injury in which the zygomatic bone becomes detached from the frontal, maxillary, and temporal bones is called a/an ________ fracture
tripod
pituitary adenoma
tumor arising from the pituitary gland, usually in the anterior lobe
The _______ is the plow shaped facial bone that forms the inferior and posterior portion of the bony nasal septum
vomer
forms inferior portion of the nasal septum
vomer
the facial bone forming the inferior part of the nasal septum is the ____________
vomer
The cheekbone refers to:
zygoma
the ________ process of the maxillae extend laterally from the body to articulate with the malar bone
zygomatic
the facial bones that form the inferolateral portion of the orbital margin are the _________ bones
zygomatic
the facial bones that form the prominence of the cheeks are the ___________ bones
zygomatic
which bone comprises most of the lateral wall of the orbital cavities?
zygomatic
The zygomatic arch is formed by portions of the:
zygomatic and temporal bones