A&P II: Ch. 22 Respiratory System

Hemoglobin: a) has five subunits b) is the site of cellular respiration c) uses ATP to move oxygen from blood to body cells d) is a protein that can bind four molecules of oxygen e) is found in blood plasma

d) is a protein that can bind four molecules of oxygen

True or False: In chronic bronchitis, mucus production is decreased and this leads to the inflammation and fibrosis of the mucosal lining of the bronchial tree.

false

Drag the events that occur during normal (quiet) inspiration and expiration to their appropriate phase. inspiration or expiration Events: - air flows into the lungs - air flows out of the lungs - thoracic cavity volume decreases - thoracic cavity volume increases - intrapulmonary pressure decreases - intrapulmonary pressure increases - diaphragm and external intercostals contract - diaphragm and external intercostals relax

inspiration: air flows into the lungs, thoracic cavity volume increases, intrapulmonary pressure decreases, diaphragm and external intercostals contract expiration: air flows out of the lungs, thoracic cavity volume decreases, intrapulmonary pressure increases, diaphragm and external intercostals relax

Because the bell jar in the model lung cannot move, any changes in volume are a result solely of the movement of the rubber diaphragm. Match the position of the rubber diaphragm to changes in volume and pressure inside the bell jar and balloon size. Position of Diaphragm: - rubber diaphragm up - rubber diaphragm down Changes: - balloons deflate - balloons inflate - pressure inside bell jar increases - pressure inside bell jar decreases - volume inside bell jar decreases - volume inside bell jar increases

rubber diaphragm up: balloons deflate, pressure inside bell jar increases, volume inside bell jar decreases rubber diaphragm down: balloons inflate, pressure inside bell jar decreases, volume inside bell jar increases

Terms: - inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) - total lung capacity (TLC) - residual volume (RV) - inspiratory capacity (IC) - functional residual capacity (FRC) - expiratory reserve volume (ERV) - vital capacity (VC) - tidal volume (TV) Def.: - the max amount of air that can be expired after a max inspiration - the max amount of air that can be inspired after a normal expiration - volume of air that can be forcefully inhaled following a normal inspiration - volume of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal expiration - volume of air inhaled or exhaled with each breath under resting conditions - volume of air remaining in the lungs after a forced expiration - volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal expiration - the max amount of air contained in the lungs after a max inspiration

IRV: volume of air that can be forcefully inhaled following a normal inspiration TLC: the max amount of air contained in the lungs after a max inspiration RV: volume of air remaining in the lungs after a forced expiration IC: the max amount of air that can be inspired after a normal expiration FRC: volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal expiration ERV: volume of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal expiration VC: the max amount of air that can be expired after a max inspiration TV: volume of air inhaled or exhaled with each breath under resting conditions

Predict the vital capacity of a 20-year-old 5'5" female who weighs 120 pounds using the equation below: VC = (0.041) H - (0.018) A - 2.69 a) 3.71 L b) 4.44 L c) 9.10 L d) -0.39 L e) -2.82 L

a) 3.71 L

Which of the choices is a correct expression? a) IC = IRV + TV b) VC = TLC + RV c) FRC = ERV + TV

a) IC = IRV + TV

What part of the larynx covers the laryngeal inlet during swallowing to keep food out of the lower respiratory passages? a) epiglottis b) glottis c) thyroid cartilage d) vocal folds

a) epiglottis

Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is _____. a) greater than the pressure in the atmosphere b) greater than the intra-alveolar pressure c) equal to the pressure in the atmosphere d) less than the pressure in the atmosphere

a) greater than the pressure in the atmosphere

Respiratory control centers are located in the _____. a) medulla and pons b) pons and midbrain c) midbrain and medulla d) upper spinal cord and medulla

a) medulla and pons

The palatine tonsils are found in which of the following regions? a) oropharynx b) larynx c) laryngopharynx d) nasopharynx

a) oropharynx

Viral sinusitis may be caused by a direct extension of an upper respiratory infection involving the __________. a) pharynx b) bronchi c) larynx d) trachea

a) pharynx

During exercise the MRV often increases to 20 liters, four times the MRV at rest. Which of the following do you think increases with exercises? a) tidal volume b) residual volume

a) tidal volume

Chronic bronchitis is a component of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD, in smokers. What is the other main component of this disease? a) asthma b) emphysema c) laryngitis d) tuberculosis

b) emphysema

Tidal volume is air _____. a) forcibly expelled after normal expiration b) exchanged during normal breathing c) inhaled after normal inspiration d) remaining in the lungs after forced expiration

b) exchanged during normal breathing

What happened to the pressure in the thoracic cavity when the diaphragm was pulled downward? a) pressure increased because volume increased b) pressure decreased because volume increased c) pressure increased because volume decreased d) pressure decreased because volume decreased

b) pressure decreased because volume increased

What does a spirometer measure? a) temperature b) respiratory volumes c) breathing sounds d) blood oxygen levels e) how much air you can hold in your lungs

b) respiratory volumes

Which of the following is NOT a function of the nasal conchae? a) reclaiming heat and moisture from expired air b) routing air and food into proper channels c) increasing the mucosal surface area exposed to air d) filtering, heating, and moistening incoming air during inhalation

b) routing air and food into proper channels

During inhalation, _____. a) air moves up the trachea b) the diaphragm and rib muscles contract c) the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases d) the diaphragm relaxes e) oxygen molecules move into the lungs, and carbon dioxide molecules move out of the lungs

b) the diaphragm and rib muscles contract

Which statement is correct? a) carbon dioxide diffuses from the alveoli into surrounding capillaries b) oxygen diffuses from large blood vessels into the body's cells c) in the blood, oxygen is bound to hemoglobin, a protein found in red blood cells d) oxygen is released from the mitochondria as a product of cellular respiration e) as oxygen diffuses from the lungs into capillaries, blood becomes deoxygenated

c) in the blood, oxygen is bound to hemoglobin, a protein found in red blood cells

What is the mechanical process of moving air into and out of the lungs? a) alveolar ventilation b) internal respiration c) pulmonary ventilation d) external respiration e) cellular respiration

c) pulmonary ventilation

Which of the following refers to the movement of air into and out of the lungs? a) gas exchange b) external respiration c) pulmonary ventilation d) internal respiration

c) pulmonary ventilation

Which of the following statements describes the conditions of a pneumothorax? a) both lungs partially or completely collapse b) the intrapulmonary pressure equalizes to atmospheric pressure c) the presence of air in the pleural cavity d) the intrapleural pressure decreases

c) the presence of air in the pleural cavity

After blood becomes oxygenated, _____. a) it returns to the heart, and is then pumped to the lungs b) it does not return to the heart, but goes to the nose and mouth c) it does not return to the heart, but goes directly to the lungs d) it returns to the heart, and is then pumped to body cells e) it does not return to the heart, but goes directly to capillaries that supply the body's cells with oxygen

d) it returns to the heart, and is then pumped to body cells

Which of the following regions contains the opening of a canal that equalizes pressure in the middle ear? a) oropharynx b) larynx c) laryngopharynx d) nasopharynx

d) nasopharynx

What do you predict will happen when the "diaphragm" is pushed upward? a) the balloons will inflate, simulating inspiration b) the balloons will deflate, simulating inspiration c) the balloons will inflate, simulating expiration d) the balloons will deflate, simulating expiration

d) the balloons will deflate, simulating expiration

From which structures do oxygen molecules move from the lungs to the blood? a) nose b) trachea c) bronchi d) bronchioles e) alveoli

e) alveoli

True or False: Smoking diminishes ciliary action and eventually destroys the cilia.

true

True or False: The parietal pleura lines the thoracic wall.

true