A&P II Ch. 22 The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The following are steps in the cell-mediated immune response. What is the correct sequence for these steps? 1. Several cycles of mitosis occur. 2. Antigen is engulfed and presented by a macrophage. 3. Cytotoxic T cells migrate to focus of infection. 4. T cells with specific receptors recognize the antigen. 5. T cells differentiate into cytotoxic T cells or T memory cells. 6. Cytotoxic T cells release perforin and/or lymphotoxin. a. 2, 4, 1, 5, 3, 6 b. 3, 6, 4, 5, 1, 2 c. 4, 1, 5, 3, 6, 2 d. 1, 2, 4, 5, 3, 6 e. 3, 2, 4, 1, 5, 6

2, 4, 1, 5, 3, 6 2. Antigen is engulfed and presented by a macrophage. 4. T cells with specific receptors recognize the antigen. 1. Several cycles of mitosis occur. 5. T cells differentiate into cytotoxic T cells of T memory cells. 3. Cytotoxic T cells migrate to focus of infection. 6. Cytotoxic T cells release perforin and/or lymphotoxin.

An example of an immunodeficiency disease is _____. a. thyroiditis b. rheumatoid arthritis c. AIDS d. type 1 diabetes

AIDS

Cancer cells would be attacked by which of the following cells? a. B cells b. Cytotoxic T cells c. macrophages http://media.pearsoncmg.com/bc/bc_masteringaandp/IP/ip07_bodyDefenses.html

Cytotoxic T cells Note: Cytotoxic T cells attack cancer cells, since they are part of cell-mediated immunity.

Immunoglobulins that are primarily found in glandular secretions such as saliva and tears are a. IgA. b. IgD. c. IgE. d. IgG. e. IgM.

IgA.

Immunoglobulins that attach to and sensitize mast cells and basophils are a. IgA. b. IgD. c. IgE. d. IgG. e. IgM.

IgE.

_____ cells enable the immune system to respond quickly and robustly if the same antigen is encountered a second time. a. Primary b. Secondary c. Responder d. Memory e. Transponder

Memory

The cells that perform immunological surveillance are the _____ cells. a. helper T b. plasma c. suppressor T d. B e. NK

NK

_____ are clusters of lymphatic nodules deep to the epithelial lining of the small intestine. a. Adenoids b. Tonsils c. Lymph glands d. Immune complexes e. Peyer's patches

Peyer's patches

Which of these is NOT a step in antibody-mediated immune defense? a. The antigen-specific helper T cells bind to sensitized B cells. b. T cells secrete immunoglobulins. c. Helper T cells secrete cytokines. d. The antigen binds specifically to B cell antibodies.

T cells secrete immunoglobulins.

Inappropriate or excessive immune responses to antigens are a. signs of a weak immune system. b. the result of stress. c. autoimmune diseases. d. allergies. e. immunodeficiency diseases.

allergies.

What is the name of the unique area (specific region) that a lymphocyte recognizes and binds to? a. antigen b. pathogen c. an antigenic determinant d. antibody http://media.pearsoncmg.com/bc/bc_masteringaandp/IP/ip07_bodyDefenses.html

an antigenic determinant Note: Also called an epitope, the antigenic determinant is the specific part of an antigen that the antibody or lymphocyte antigenic determinant receptor binds to.

A substance that provokes an immune response is called an a. allergen. b. antihistamine. c. allopath. d. antibody. e. antigen.

antigen.

The portions of an antigen to which antibodies bind are the a. antigenic determinant sites. b. antigen activation segments. c. antibody active sites. d. reactive sites. e. active sites.

antigenic determinant sites.

Immunity that results from vaccination against influenza is classified as _____. a. naturally acquired passive immunity b. naturally acquired active immunity c. artificially induced passive immunity d. artificially induced active immunity

artificially induced active immunity

When the immune response mistakenly target normal body cells and tissues, a(n) _____ develops. a. cross-reaction b. immunodeficiency disease c. agglutination reaction d. allergic response e. autoimmune disease

autoimmune disease

If a virus attacks a cell, which type of immunity would be activated? a. humoral immunity b. cell-mediated immunity (cellular immunity) c. antibody-mediated immunity http://media.pearsoncmg.com/bc/bc_masteringaandp/IP/ip07_bodyDefenses.html

cell-mediated immunity (cellular immunity) Note: Cell-mediated immunity involves an intracellular pathogen such as a virus.

Lymphocytes that destroy foreign cells or virus-infected cells are _____ cells. a. plasma b. helper T c. cytotoxic T d. B e. suppressor T

cytotoxic T

The cells directly responsible for cellular immunity are the _____ cells. a. suppressor T b. cytotoxic T c. helper T d. plasma e. B

cytotoxic T

The lymphocytes that enter tissues and directly attack antigens are _____ cells. a. cytotoxic T b. suppressor T c. B cells d. helper T

cytotoxic T

The various classes of immunoglobulins are differentiated on the basis of their a. light-chain variable segments. b. antigen specificity. c. heavy-chain constant segments. d. reactivity. e. asymmetry.

heavy-chain constant segments.

The human immuonodeficiency virus (HIV) that causes the disease known as AIDS selectively infects _____ cells. a. helper T b. suppressor T c. plasma d. B e. cytotoxic T

helper T

When an antigen is bound to a Class II MHC protein, it can activate a _____ cell. a. cytotoxic T b. plasma c. NK d. helper T e. suppressor T

helper T

Which class of T lymphocyte is killed by the AIDS virus? a. helper T b. NK c. suppressor T d. cytotoxic T

helper T

What types of immunity can be transferred by bodily fluids from one person to another, thus conferring immunity to the recipient? a. humoral immunity b. cellular immunity c. cell-mediated immunity http://media.pearsoncmg.com/bc/bc_masteringaandp/IP/ip07_bodyDefenses.html

humoral immunity Note: Humoral immunity involves antibodies that can be transferred from one person to another.

Suppressor T cells act to a. inhibit T and B cell activities. b. erase memory T cells. c. limit antigen proliferation. d. produce antibodies involved in autoimmunity. e. suppress antigens.

inhibit T and B cell activities.

Tears and mucus membranes would be a part of which defense system? a. adaptive defenses b. innate external defenses c. innate internal defenses http://media.pearsoncmg.com/bc/bc_masteringaandp/IP/ip07_bodyDefenses.html

innate external defenses Note: Innate external defenses (surface barriers) are the first line of defense and include tears, mucus membranes, and the skin.

Phagocytotic cells such as macrophages identify a variety of enemies by recognizing markers unique to pathogens. They would be classified as which type of defense system? a. adaptive defenses b. innate internal defenses c. innate external defenses http://media.pearsoncmg.com/bc/bc_masteringaandp/IP/ip07_bodyDefenses.html

innate internal defenses Note: The macrophage recognizes many molecules found on pathogens that are not present on normal body cells.

Which of the following descriptions is NOT a characteristic of adaptive immunity? a. specificity b. memory c. intolerance d. versatility

intolerance

Which of the following is not a characteristic of AIDS? a. has killed at least 1/2 million people in the United States b. attacks the T helper (CD4) cells c. is spread most often through sexual contact d. is declining worldwide e. almost always eventually fatal

is declining worldwide

Microglia are to the CNS as Kupffer cells are to the a. pancreas. b. liver. c. lungs. d. spleen. e. thymus.

liver.

Class II MHC molecules are found on which of the following? a. red blood cells b. lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells c. all body cells with a nucleus d. liver cells and macrophages in the spleen e. granulocytes and microphages

lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells

Immunity that results from antibodies that pass through the placenta from mother to fetus is called _____ immunity. a. passively acquired b. innate c. automatically acquired d. actively acquired e. naturally acquired passive

naturally acquired passive

The process by which the surface of a microorganism is covered with antibodies and complement. rendering it more likely to be phagocytized, is called a. neutralization. b. opsonization. c. precipitation. d. agglutination. e. activation.

opsonization.

The first line of cellular defense against pathogens are the a. phagocytes b. NK cells c. plasma cells. d. T cells. e. B cells.

phagocytes.

The cells responsible for the production of circulating immunoglobulines are _____ cells. a. plasma b. thymus c. helper T d. NK e. liver

plasma

What cells make antibodies? a. memory B cells b. plasma B cells c. memory T cells d. cytotoxic T cells http://media.pearsoncmg.com/bc/bc_masteringaandp/IP/ip07_bodyDefenses.html

plasma B cells Note: The plasma B cells make antibodies in response to specific antigens.

Helper T cells do all of the following except a. attract macrophages to the affected area. b. trigger B-cell division, plasma cell maturation, and antibody production. c. enhance nonspecific defenses. d. enhance production of memory and cytotoxic T cells. e. provide a rapid response to a future exposure to the antigen.

provide a rapid response to a future exposure to the antigen.

A crime scene investigator found that a biological fluid sample contains a large amount of IgA-type antibody. This fluid is probably a. blood. b. serum. c. interstitial. d. lymph. e. tears.

tears.

T lymphocytes are produced are stored in all of the following except a. the spleen. b. the thymus. c. the brain. d. lymph node organs. e. lymphatic nodules.

the brain.

The lymphatic system is composed to all of the following except a. the spleen. b. lymph nodes. c. the venae cavae. d. lymph. e. lymphatic vessels.

the venae cavae.

T is to _____ as B is to _____. a. non-thymus-dependent; bottom-located b. top-located; bottom-located c. thymus-dependent; bone marrow-derived d. thyroid-drawn; bowel-developed e. trabeculae-descended; bursa-origin

thymus-dependent; bone marrow-derived

Autoimmune illness results from a failure of what aspect of immunity? a. specificity b. memory c. tolerance d. versatility

tolerance

The immune system is said to exhibit _____ toward those agents that do not stimulate an immune response. a. adaptation b. immunity c. tolerance d. memory e. versatility

tolerance

The lymphatic system does all of the following except a. transports lipids from the digestive tract. b. helps maintain normal blood volume. c. eliminate variations in the composition of interstitial fluid. d. transports gases to and away from lymph nodes. e. fights infection.

transports gases to and away from lymph nodes.

All of the following are true of the secondary response of humoral immunity except that it a. results in much higher antibody titers than in the primary response. b. produces more effective antibodies. c. weakens quickly because memory B cells only survive for a year or two. d. results in much quicker rise in antibody titers. e. depends on memory B cells.

weakens quickly because memory B cells only survive for a year or two.

Areas of the spleen that contain large aggregations of lymphocytes are known as a. Peyer's patches. b. white pulp. c. adenoids. d. lymph nodes. e. red pulp.

white pup.