A&P II Final Exam

The disease called ___________ is caused by excessive secretion of glucocorticoids, and is characterized by redistribution of body fat to produce characteristic features such as "moon face." A) Cushing syndrome B) Addison disease C) androgenital syndrome D) pheochromocytoma

A) Cushing syndrome

Which hormone is secreted by the pineal gland? A) Melatonin B) Insulin C) Melanin D) Cortisol

A) Melatonin

When trying to diagnose an infection that alters the percentages of leukocyte types found in the blood, it is useful for clinicians to perform A) a white blood cell differential count. B) a red blood cell differential count. C) a total cell count for red and white blood cells. D) blood typing.

A) a white blood cell differential count.

Sinusoids are found in a: bone marrow b: spleen c: small intestine d: kidney e: liver f: muscle g: skin A) a, b, e B) b, c, e, f C) c, d D) f, g E) b, c, d, g

A) a, b, e

Sympathetic innervation of the heart a: increases the heart rate b: decreases the heart rate c: increases the force of contractions d: decreases the force of contractions e: has no effect on contraction force A) a, c B) b, d C) a, d D) b, e

A) a, c

This figure shows an example of regulation of hormone secretion by a negative feedback loop. The large box labeled 1 represents the initial stimulus. What hormones are represented by the small boxes labeled a, b, and c? A) a = TRH, b = TSH, c = TH B) a = TSH, b = TRH, c = TH C) a = TIH, b = TSH, c = TH D) a = TRH, b = TSH, c = TIH E) a = TSH, b = TH, c = TRH

A) a= TRH, b= TSH, c= TH

If someone suffered from hypertension, such that the blood pressure in their capillaries was elevated, then net filtration pressure would be A) above normal. B) below normal.

A) above normal.

An autorhythmic heart cell is one in which A) action potentials fire spontaneously. B) action potentials are stimulated by internal stores of acetylcholine. C) action potentials are initiated by the autonomic nervous system.

A) action potentials fire spontaneously.

Glucagon and insulin work _________ on blood glucose levels. A) antagonistically B) permissively C) synergistically

A) antagonistically

The great cardiac vein runs alongside the A) anterior interventricular artery. B) posterior interventricular artery. C) right marginal artery. D) aorta.

A) anterior interventricular artery.

Which lobe of the pituitary is larger and secretes more hormones? A) Anterior pituitary B) Posterior pituitary

A) anterior pituitary

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is secreted by the A) anterior pituitary, and it targets follicular cells of the thyroid gland. B) hypothalamus, and it targets cells of the anterior pituitary gland. C) thyroid gland, and it targets cells of the parathyroid gland. D) posterior pituitary, and it targets parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland. E) hypothalamus, and it targets cells of the posterior pituitary gland

A) anterior pituitary, and it targets follicular cells of the thyroid gland

Glucagon (a protein hormone) works by A) binding to a cell membrane receptor and activating an intracellular enzyme cascade to stimulate glycogenolysis to release glucose into the blood. B) binding to a cell membrane receptor and activating an intracellular enzyme cascade to stimulate glycogenesis to store glucose as glycogen. C) binding to hormone response elements on DNA and stimulating glycogenesis through expression of DNA (synthesizing a protein). D) binding to hormone response elements on DNA and stimulating glycogenolysis through expression of DNA (synthesizing a protein).

A) binding to a cell membrane receptor and activating an intracellular enzyme cascade to stimulate glycogenolysis to release glucose into the blood.

What is the sequence of events in the transmission of an impulse through the heart muscle? a: AV node b: AV bundle c: SA node d: Through the atria e: Through the ventricles f: Bundle branches g: Purkinje fibers A) c, d, a, b, f, g, e B) d, b, a, c, f, g, e C) b, a, d, c, f, g, e D) f, g, d, c, b, a, e

A) c, d, a, b, f, g, e

Vagal tone refers to the A) decreasing of the heart rate below its inherent rhythm by parasympathetic stimulation. B) decreasing of the heart rate below its inherent rhythm by sympathetic stimulation. C) increasing of the heart rate above its inherent rhythm by sympathetic stimulation. D) increasing of the heart rate above its inherent rhythm by parasympathetic stimulation.

A) decreasing of the heart rate below its inherent rhythm by parasympathetic stimulation.

During the plateau phase of a cardiac muscle cell's action potential, the membrane stays A) depolarized as potassium exits and calcium enters. B) depolarized as potassium enters and calcium exits. C) repolarized as sodium enters and calcium exits. D) hyperpolarized as sodium and calcium exit

A) depolarized as potassium exits and calcium enters.

Intracellular signaling pathways within target cells are organized such that A) each step allows for amplification of the signal where one molecule can activate many. B) each step involves one molecule activating or synthesizing exactly one other molecule for precise control. C) enzymes are used up and degraded after each individual reaction they catalyze.

A) each step allows for amplification of the signal where one molecule can activate many.

Within the infundibulum, the axons from neurons extending into the posterior pituitary are known as the A) hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract. B) primary plexus. C) secondary plexus. D) supraoptic portal system.

A) hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract.

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone is secreted by the A) hypothalamus and it increases release of thyroid-stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary. B) hypothalamus and it increases release of thyroid-stimulating hormone from the posterior pituitary. C) anterior pituitary and it increases release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland. D) parathyroid hormone and it increases release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland. E) thymus and it increases release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland.

A) hypothalamus and it increases release of thyroid-stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary.

Damage to the liver might impair enzymatic degradation of some hormones. The levels of such hormones in the blood would therefore be expected to A) increase. B) decrease. C) remain unchanged.

A) increase

Thyroid hormone's effects are to A) increase metabolic rate and body temperature by binding to intracellular receptors and increasing protein synthesis in target cells. B) increase metabolic rate and body temperature by binding to cell-membrane receptors and turning off the G protein, cAMP cascade. C) decrease metabolic rate and body temperature by increasing protein synthesis in target cells. D) decrease metabolic rate and body temperature by turning on the G protein, cAMP cascade

A) increase metabolic rate and body temperature by binding to intracellular receptors and increasing protein synthesis in target cells.

Exercise causes a(n) _______ in growth hormone (GH) levels; a rise in amino acid levels or decrease in glucose levels causes a(n) ________ in GH levels. A) increase, increase B) increase, decrease C) decrease, decrease D) decrease, increase

A) increase, increase

Insulin causes a(n) _______ in glycogenesis in the liver and a(n) _______ in lipogenesis in adipose. A) increase, increase B) increase, decrease C) decrease, decrease D) decrease, increase

A) increase, increase

This figure shows an example of regulation of hormone secretion by a negative feedback loop. The large box labeled 1 represents the initial stimulus. Which could be the initial stimulus for this pattern of regulation? A) Low body temperature B) Low blood sugar level C) Low RBC (red blood cell) count D) High blood calcium level

A) low body temperature

The two hormones released from the posterior pituitary are A) oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone. B) thyrotropin-releasing hormone and corticotropin-releasing hormone. C) prolactin and growth hormone. D) prolactin and vasopressin.

A) oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone.

The "buffy coat" in a centrifuged blood sample is composed of A) platelets and leukocytes. B) leukocytes. C) platelets. D) erythrocytes. E) erythrocytes and leukocytes.

A) platelets and leukocytes.

The parathyroid glands are located A) posterior to the thyroid gland. B) above the kidneys. C) within the thymus. D) anterior to the

A) posterior to the thyroid gland

The metabolic pathways of cardiac muscle make it A) somewhat susceptible to heart attack, because it relies so exclusively on aerobic metabolism. B) extremely susceptible to heart attack, because it uses such a variety of fuel sources. C) somewhat susceptible to heart attack, because it has so few mitochondria. D) relatively resistant to heart attack, because it uses exclusively anaerobic metabolism.

A) somewhat susceptible to heart attack, because it relies so exclusively on aerobic metabolism.

Blood colloid osmotic pressure is largely due to A) the proteins in the blood, and it promotes reabsorption. B) the high amount of water in the blood, and it promotes diffusion out of the capillaries. C) the proteins in the blood, and it promotes filtration. D) the pressure generated by the heart, and it favors osmosis into the arteriole end of the capillary bed. E) the high amount of water in the blood, and it promotes filtration from arterioles.

A) the proteins in the blood, and it promotes reabsorption.

The ________ is composed of circularly arranged layers of smooth muscle cells. A) tunica media B) tunica externa C) tunica intima D) tunica interna E) None of the answers is correct.

A) tunica media

Reduced hormone concentration in the blood often causes target cells to A) up-regulate receptors in order to increase cell sensitivity. B) up-regulate receptors in order to decrease cell sensitivity. C) down-regulate receptors in order to increase cell sensitivity. D) down-regulate receptors in order to decrease cell sensitivity.

A) up-regulate receptors in order to increase cell sensitivity.

The first phase in hemostasis is A) vascular spasm. B) elimination of clots. C) coagulation. D) platelet plug formation.

A) vascular spasm.

Typically, an adult's body contains _______ of blood. A) 1 liter B) 5 liters C) 10 liters D) 15 liters

B) 5 liters

If someone's blood pressure were listed as 110/65 mmHg, then their mean arterial pressure (MAP) would be A) 70 mmHg. B) 80 mmHg. C) 90 mmHg. D) 100 mmHg. E) 110 mmHg.

B) 80 mmHg.

The term down-regulation refers to the process by which A) a carrier protein decreases the rate of degradation of the protein it ferries. B) a cell decreases the number of receptors it has for a hormone. C) a large amount of hormone shuts down all metabolic activity in a target cell. D) a carrier protein increases the rate of degradation for a hormone and thereby decreases its blood concentration.

B) A cell decreases the number of receptors it has for a hormone

Which valve prevents the backflow of blood into the left ventricle when the ventricles relax? A) Left atrioventricular valve B) Aortic semilunar valve C) Right atrioventricular valve D) Pulmonary semilunar valve

B) Aortic semilunar valve

Which type of leukocyte releases histamine? A) Eosinophil B) Basophil C) Lymphocyte D) Neutrophil

B) Basophil

Which statement accurately compares filtration and reabsorption? A) Filtration is driven by concentration gradients, whereas reabsorption depends on hydrostatic pressure. B) Filtration involves bulk flow of fluid out of the blood, whereas reabsorption is bulk flow back into the blood. C) Filtration happens at the venule end of a capillary bed and reabsorption happens in feeder arterioles. D) The direction of filtration can be either into or out of the blood, but reabsorption always involves fluids entering the blood.

B) Filtration involves bulk flow of fluid out of the blood, whereas reabsorption is bulk flow back into the blood.

A G protein is A) a type of hormone. B) a molecule that binds a GTP and helps transduce an enzyme cascade inside a target cell. C) a receptor for a lipid-soluble hormone that causes arachidonic acid to be extracted from a phospholipid. D) a second messenger activated by a steroid hormone.

B) a molecule that binds a GTP and helps transduce an enzyme cascade inside a target cell.

Which are characteristics of type O blood? a: Has anti-A antibodies b: Has anti-B antibodies c: Has surface antigen O on its erythrocytes d: Has surface antigen A on its erythrocytes e: Has neither surface antigen A nor B on its erythrocytes A) a, b, c B) a, b, e C) b, c, e D) b, c, d

B) a, b, e

Which events occur during the recycling of aged or damaged erythrocytes? (Order is not important.) a: The heme group is converted into biliverdin and then bilirubin. b: Bilirubin is placed in long-term storage in the pancreas. c: The iron ions in hemoglobin are removed. d: The iron ions are stored in the liver. e: The iron ions are stored in the stomach. f: Membrane proteins and globin proteins are broken down and reused. g: The erythrocyte contents, excluding the globins, are excreted unchanged via the digestive tract. A) a, b, c, e, f B) a, c, d, f C) a, b, c, g D) c, d, g E) c, e, g

B) a, c, d, f

The left and right coronary arteries A) are interconnected with several high-volume anastomoses allowing for well perfused alternate blood paths. B) are functional end arteries because the blockage of one of them leads to tissue death in the area it supplies.

B) are functional end arteries because the blockage of one of them leads to tissue death in the area it supplies.

Lipid-soluble hormones, such as progesterone, exert their effects by forming hormone-receptor complexes that A) activate a G protein and second-messenger cascade. B) bind to DNA and initiate transcription. C) open ion channels in the cell membrane. D) activate adenylate cyclase.

B) bind to DNA and initiate transcription.

Once an SA nodal cell reaches threshold, the depolarization phase occurs during which A) potassium comes in through fast voltage-gated channels. B) calcium comes in through fast voltage-gated channels. C) potassium moves out through fast voltage-gated channels. D) sodium moves out through slow voltage-gated channels.

B) calcium comes in through fast voltage-gated channels.

Steroid hormones are lipids, derived from A) polypeptides. B) cholesterol. C) glycerol. D) nucleic acids.

B) cholesterol

The hypothalamic hormone that triggers the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is A) cortisol. B) corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). C) vasopressin. D) adrenal follicle-stimulating hormone.

B) corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH).

The hormone that increases the rate of glycogen breakdown and glucose release by the liver is A) insulin. B) glucagon. C) thyroid hormone. D) somatostatin.

B) glucagon.

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone is secreted by the A) hypothalamus and it increases release of thyroid-stimulating hormone from the posterior pituitary. B) hypothalamus and it increases release of thyroid-stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary. C) anterior pituitary and it increases release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland. D) parathyroid hormone and it increases release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland.

B) hypothalamus and it increases release of thyroid-stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary.

Lipophilic hormones bind to ___________ receptors of target cells. A) membrane-bound (cell membrane receptor) B) intracellular (in cytosol or nucleus)

B) intracellular

Beta-globulins transport ________, whereas gamma-globulins are ________. A) antibodies, lipids B) iron ions, antibodies C) lipids, heavy metals D) oxygen, clotting proteins E) clotting factors, hormones

B) iron ions, antibodies

The force per unit area that blood places on the inside wall of a blood vessel A) is called the pulse. B) is called the blood pressure. C) increases the further the vessel is from the heart. D) is greater during diastole. E) is greater in the inferior vena cava than in the common iliac vein.

B) is called the blood pressure.

The layer of the heart wall composed of cardiac muscle tissue is the A) pericardium. B) myocardium. C) endocardium. D) pericardial cavity.

B) myocardium.

In response to high blood glucose, the pancreas releases insulin to enable glucose to enter body cells. When the blood glucose level returns to normal, insulin release stops. This is an example of regulation by A) endocrine dysplasia. B) negative feedback. C) positive feedback. D) neural regulation.

B) negative feedback.

The heart valves A) stabilize and hold the arteries leaving the heart. B) permit the passage of blood in one direction. C) separate the right and left sides of the heart. D) are only used in the fetal heart.

B) permit the passage of blood in one direction.

Extensions from megakaryocytes that extend through blood vessel walls in red marrow are sliced off from the cells by the force of blood flow. These extensions are A) reticulocytes. B) proplatelets C) myeloid stem cells. D) late erythroblasts.

B) proplatelets

The primary function of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is to A) regulate salt and water balance by acting on the renal system. B) stimulate glucocorticoid release from the adrenal glands. C) stimulate adrenaline release from the brain. D) stimulate cell growth and cell division in muscle and bone.

B) stimulate glucocorticoid release from the adrenal glands.

If someone's blood pressure were listed as 125/75 mmHg, then their pulse pressure would be A) 125 mmHg. B) 5/3. C) 50 mmHg. D) 40 mmHg. E) 100 mmHg

C) 50 mmHg.

Which feature permits the compression necessary to pump large volumes of blood out of the ventricles? A) Negative pressure inside the ventricles B) Absence of oxygenated blood in the atria C) Arrangement of cardiac muscle in the heart wall D) Presence of skeletal muscle tissue in the heart skeleton

C) Arrangement of cardiac muscle in the heart wall

Imagine yourself sitting in an awkward position in an uncomfortable chair that is depriving part of your leg from normal blood flow. This deprivation of adequate perfusion will result in what sort of local changes in your leg? A) Decreases in carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions will cause vasodilation. B) Buildup of carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions will cause vasoconstriction. C) Buildup of carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions will cause vasodilation. D) Decreases in oxygen and potassium will cause vasoconstriction. E) Increases in oxygen and potassium will cause vasodilation.

C) Buildup of carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions will cause vasodilation.

Which action leads to the closure of the right atrioventricular valve? A) Contraction of the right atrium B) Contraction of the left atrium C) Contraction of the right ventricle D) Relaxation of the right ventricle

C) Contraction of the right ventricle

Which hormones are collectively called the gonadotropins? A) Prolactin and oxytocin B) Antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin C) Follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone D) Follicle-stimulating hormone and growth hormone

C) Follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone

What are the cell-to-cell contacts of the cardiac muscle fibers called? A) Z discs B) T-tubules C) Intercalated discs D) Cardiac discs

C) Intercalated discs

Which term best describes the function of blood when considering the presence of leukocytes and antibodies? A) Regulation B) Prevention C) Protection D) Transportation

C) Protection

The most abundant plasma proteins which create colloid osmotic pressure are the A) globulins. B) endocrine hormones. C) albumins. D) fibrinogens.

C) albumins.

Endocrine glands A) are ductless glands. B) secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. C) All of the choices are correct. D) are the organs of the endocrine system. E) help maintain homeostasis.

C) all of the choices are correct

The plateau phase of an action potential A) occurs only in skeletal muscle and makes those fibers' contractions most forceful. B) leads to tetanic contractions in smooth and skeletal muscle. C) allows cardiac muscle cells to contract and then relax without locking up. D) allows cardiac muscle cells to exhibit synchronous fibrillation.

C) allows cardiac muscle cells to contract and then relax without locking up.

Eicosanoids are synthesized from A) cholesterol. B) prostaglandin. C) arachidonic acid. D) amino acids.

C) arachidonic acid

Gas, nutrient, and waste exchange occur between the __________ and the tissues of the body. A) arteries B) veins C) capillaries D) capillaries and veins E) capillaries and arteries

C) capillaries

This figure shows an example of regulation of hormone secretion by a negative feedback loop. The large box labeled 1 represents the initial stimulus. What endocrine glands are indicated by the letters d and e? A) d = hypothalamus, e = thyroid gland B) d = hypothalamus, e = posterior pituitary C) d = hypothalamus, e = anterior pituitary D) d = thalamus, e = posterior pituitary E) d = thalamus, e = anterior pituitary

C) d= hypothalamus, e= anterior pituitary

A malnourished person (or someone with liver damage) might have abnormally low levels of plasma proteins. As a result, colloid osmotic pressure A) increases, and there is fluid retention in the interstitial space. B) increases, and so blood volume is abnormally high. C) decreases, and there is fluid retention in the interstitial space. D) decreases, and so blood volume is abnormally high.

C) decreases, and there is fluid retention in the interstitial space.

At the AV node of the conduction system, the action potential is A) rapidly advanced due to the cells being large and well connected by gap junctions. B) rapidly advanced due to the cells being small and well insulated by myelin. C) delayed due to the cells being small and having few gap junctions.

C) delayed due to the cells being small and having few gap junctions.

The largest arteries of the body are classified as A) muscular arteries. B) arterioles. C) elastic arteries. D) muscular and elastic because they have the same dimensions. E) None of the answers is correct.

C) elastic arteries

The most numerous of the formed elements are the A) neutrophils. B) platelets. C) erythrocytes. D) basophils.

C) erythrocytes.

Parathyroid hormone release depends on blood levels of calcium. Such an endocrine reflex is said to be initiated by A) hormonal stimulation. B) neural stimulation. C) humoral stimulation.

C) humoral stimulation

Pectinate muscles are found on the A) posterior wall of the right ventricle. B) anterior wall of the right ventricle. C) internal walls of the right and left atria. D) posterior walls of the right and left ventricles.

C) internal walls of the right and left atria.

A portal system A) includes a functional end artery that makes an arterial anastomosis. B) is a simple circulatory system with an areriovenous anastomosis. C) is one in which blood flows through two capillary beds before being sent back to the heart. D) is one in which circulation to a large organ involves only one artery and one main (portal)vein. E) is one in which multiple arteries converge on one organ or body region.

C) is one in which blood flows through two capillary beds before being sent back to the heart.

Compared to the nervous system, the endocrine system has A) more widespread and short-term effects. B) more localized and short-term effects. C) more widespread and long-lasting effects. D) more localized and long-lasting effects.

C) more widespread and long-lasting effects

In response to high blood glucose, the pancreas releases insulin to enable glucose to enter body cells. When the blood glucose level returns to normal, insulin release stops. This is an example of regulation by A) positive feedback. B) somatic regulation. C) negative feedback.

C) negative feedback

Where are the target cells for follicle-stimulating hormone? A) Mammary glands B) Uterus C) Ovaries and testes D) Thyroid follicles

C) ovaries and testes

The hormone oxytocin is synthesized (made) in the A) anterior pituitary. B) posterior pituitary. C) paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. D) pineal gland.

C) paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus.

To prevent excessive blood loss following tissue damage, local chemicals such as A) bradykinins are released to trigger vasoconstriction. B) nitric oxides are released to trigger vasoconstriction. C) thromboxanes are released to trigger vasoconstriction. D) prostaglandins are released to trigger vasodilation. E) vasopressins are released to trigger vasodilation.

C) thromboxanes are released to trigger vasoconstriction.

Protein hormones are A) lipid-soluble. B) soluble in both water and lipids. C) water-soluble. D) soluble in neither water nor lipids

C) water soluble

The life span of an erythrocyte is about _________ days. A) 10 B) 30 C) 60 D) 120

D) 120

Plasma makes up about ______ percent of a centrifuged sample of whole blood. A) 25 B) 35 C) 45 D) 55

D) 55

Which hormone induces its target cells to take up glucose, thereby lowering blood glucose levels? A) Pancreatic polypeptide B) Somatostatin C) Glucagon D) Insulin

D) Insulin

Which region of the adrenal cortex synthesizes glucocorticoids? A) Zona reticularis B) Zona glucosa C) Zona papillarosa D) Zona fasciculata

D) Zona fasciculata

Which are functions performed by the fibrous skeleton of the heart? a: Separates the atria and ventricles b: Anchors the heart valves c: Provides electrical insulation between the atria and ventricles d: Provides the framework for the attachment of the myocardium A) a, d B) b, d C) a, b D) a, b, c, d

D) a, b, c, d

Which are the characteristic of type A blood? a: Has anti-A antibodies b: Has anti-B antibodies c: Has surface antigen A on its erythrocytes d: Has surface antigen B on its erythrocytes e: Has neither surface antigen A nor B on its erythrocytes f: Will agglutinate with blood type B A) b, c, d, f B) a, c, d, f C) a, d, f D) b, c, f E) a, c, f

D) b, c, f

The hemoglobin found in erythrocytes is able to chemically attach to A) only oxygen. B) only carbon dioxide. C) only nitrogen. D) both oxygen and carbon dioxide. E) oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen.

D) both oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Valves in veins A) make the use of a skeletal muscle pump unnecessary for venous blood flow. B) are the leading cause of high blood pressure. C) are found only in the largest veins. D) cause venous blood flow to go in only one direction. E) are formed of the tunica media.

D) cause venous blood flow to go in only one direction.

In most of its target cells, cortisol ________ glucose uptake and _______ protein metabolism. A) increases, increases B) increases, decreases C) decreases, decreases D) decreases, increases

D) decreases, increases

Which type of hormone requires a carrier protein in the blood? A) Autocrine hormone B) Water-soluble hormone C) Oligopeptide D) Lipid-soluble hormone

D) lipid-soluble hormone

Old erythrocytes are phagocytized in the A) liver. B) spleen. C) lung. D) liver and spleen.

D) liver and spleen.

Net filtration pressure (NFP) is equal to the A) blood hydrostatic pressure minus the tissue hydrostatic pressure. B) colloid osmotic pressure in the blood divided by resistance in the tissue. C) blood pressure times the total peripheral resistance. D) net hydrostatic pressure minus the net colloid osmotic pressure. E) osmotic pressure in the tissue minus the hydrostatic pressure in the blood.

D) net hydrostatic pressure minus the net colloid osmotic pressure.

The right border of the heart is supplied by the A) circumflex artery. B) posterior interventricular artery. C) anterior interventricular artery. D) right marginal artery.

D) right marginal artery.

When the effects of one hormone reinforce the activity of another hormone on the same target cell, the interaction is said to be A) agonistic. B) permissive. C) antagonistic. D) synergistic.

D) synergistic

The function of the coronary sinus is to A) connect the top and bottom halves of the heart. B) guide the aorta out of the heart. C) guide the inferior vena cava into the right atrium. D) take blood from the coronary circulation to the right atrium.

D) take blood from the coronary circulation to the right atrium.

Thyroid hormone synthesis involves secretion of a glycoprotein called ___________ by the follicular cells. A) colloid B) G protein C) Iodine D) thyroglobulin

D) thyroglobulin

Which leukocytes are granulocytes? a: Neutrophils b: Eosinophils c: Lymphocytesd: Monocytes e: Basophils f: Erythrocytes A) a, b, c B) b, d, e C) a, b, e, f D) c, d E) a, b, e

E) a, b, e

Blood plasma is slightly _______; if pH drifts out of the normal range, dire consequences can result from alterations in the structure of _______ . A) acidic, glucose B) acidic, proteins C) acidic, glycogen D) basic, glucose E) basic, proteins

E) basic, proteins