A&P II Practice test unit one
Blood production is a function of which system? a) Reproductive b) Respiratory c) Skeletal d)Lymphatic
C skeletal
The identification function of the cell membrane is carried out by the a) cholesterol molecules. b) phospholipid molecules. c) glycoprotein molecules. d) channel proteins.
C. glycoprotein molecules.
An atom of magnesium has lost two electrons. Its known as a(n) (blank) a) anion b) molecule c) isotope d) cation
D cation
Protein synthesis begins with (blank) in (blank)
Transcription in the nucleus
Which of the following are not the products of Krebs Cycle? a) NADH and ATP b) Acetyl-CoA and NAD c) NADH and FADH2 d) CO2 and ATP
B acetyl-CoA and NAD
A blood clot traveled to a small vessel in Mr. Zeng's lungs and became lodged there. How should this moving clot be named? a) An embolus b) Petechiae c) Hemophilia d) A thrombus e) Leukopenia
A an embolus
An organ is one organizational level lower than a(n) a) system. b) cell. c) organelle. d) tissue.
A system
If the original DNA code was ACG. the tRNA that would transfer the correct amino acid would have which sequence of nucleotides? a) UCG b) ACG c) UGC d) Not enough information is given to answer the question.
B ACG
The smallest living units of structure and function in the body are a) molecules. b) cells. c) organelles. d) atoms.
B cells
What is the volume of blood pumped out of a ventricle with each heartbeat? a) Heart rate (HR) b) Stroke volume (SV) c) Cardiac output (CO) d) End Systolic Volume (ESV) e) End Diastolic Volume (EDV)
B stroke volume
Acids a) are proton donors. b) taste sour. c) release hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution. d) All of these are true of acids.
D all of these are true of acids
Which type oF leukocyte kills parasitic worms by deluging them with digestive enrymes? a) Neutrophil b) Monocyte c) Lymphocyte d) Basophil e) Eosinophil
E eosinophil
Why do you think Mrs. Gonzalez was prescribed heparin, an anticoagulant? a) To enhance hematopoiesis b) To inhibit release of erythropoietin c) To enhance the formation of clots d) To increase vascular spasms e) To inhibit the formation of clots.
E to inhibit the formation of clots
Metabolism refers to a) the chemical basis of life. b) the sum of all the physical and chemical reactions occurring in the body. c) an organization of similar cells specialized to perform a certain function. d) a subdivision of physiology.
b. the sum of all the physical and chemical reactions occurring in the body.
The vagus nerve operates under the control of the parasympathetic nervous system and causes the a) heart rate to decrease. b) heart rate to increase, then decrease. c) heart rate to increase. d) blood pressure to increase. e) Blood pressure to decrease.
A heart rate to decrease
Which of the following is not a descendant of the myeloid stem cell line? a) Monocyte b) Basophil c) Lymphocyte d) Platelet e) Erythrocyte
C lymphocyte
Where does hematopoiesis occur to produce new red blood cells? a) Yellow bone marrow b) Articular cartilage c) Red bone marrow d) Epiphyseal line e) Synovial membrane
C red bone marrow
Diffusion of particles through a membrane by means of a carrier molecule is called a) pinocytosis. b) osmosis. c) facilitated diffusion. d) dialysis.
c. facilitated diffusion
How many protons are there in methane?
10 protons; 10 electrons
A solution that contains a greater concentration of hydroxide ions OH than hydrogen ions H is a(n) (blank) solution. a) acidic b) alkaline (basic) c) neutral d) Not enough information is given to determine the character of the solution.
A acidic
If a cell were placed in a hypotonic solution a) there would be a net gain of water into the cell. b) there would be a net loss of water out of the cell. c) no water would move into or out of the cell. d) water would move into and out of the cell in equal amounts.
A - there would be a net gain of water into the cell
If guanine makes up 29% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA, what percentage of the sample would be adenine? a) 21 b) 29 c) 11 d) 42
A 21
A hypertonic solution contains (blank) concentration of solute (blank) the cell. a) A greater; than b) the same; as c) a lesser; than d) None of these is correct.
A a greater; than
Atrioventricular valves prevent backflow of blood into the a) atria. b) lungs. c) vena cava. d) ventricles. e) aorta
A atria
A smooth, sustained contraction, with no evidence of relaxation, is called? a) complete tetanus b) a twitch c) incomplete tetanus d) summing of contractions e) isometric contraction
A complete tetanus
What is the most important factor in determining the physical and chemical properties of fatty acids a) Degree of saturation b) Presence of glycerol c) Available bonds of hydrocarbons d) Polarity
A degree of saturation
What hormone controls the rate of erythrocyte production? a) Erythropoietin b) Thrombopoietin c) Colony stimulating factors (CSFs) d) Interleukins e) Acetylcholinesterase
A erythropoietin
The process by which bleeding is stopped is called ___ a) hematopoiesis b) erythropoiesis c) homeostasis d) hemostasis e) agglutination
A hematopoiesis
An example of a catabolic process is a) hydrolysis. b) dehydration synthesis. c) formation of a peptide bond. d) both dehydration synthesis and formation of a peptide bond.
A hydrolysis
During muscle contraction, what becomes smaller? a) H zone b) thin filaments c) the width of the A band d) thick filaments e) myosin molecules
A the H zone
An atom with 13 electrons will have (blank) electrons in the valence shell. a) 2 b) 3 c) 5 d) 8
B 3
A person with type B blood can receive blood from blood type ___ a) AB, B b) B, 0 c) A, B, AB, O d) B, A
B B and O
If the secretion of oxytocin during childbirth operated as a negative-feedback control loop, what effect would it have on uterine contractions? 8) Oxytocin would stimulate stronger uterine contractions. b) Oxytocin would inhibit uterine contractions. c) There would be no changes in the strength of the uterine contractions. d) Uterine contractions would initially be weak and then gain strength after the release of the hormone.
B Oxytocin would inhibit uterine contractions.
The method that regenerates the most ATP during muscle activity is a) direct phosphorylation b) aerobic pathway c) anaerobic pathway d) lactic acid pathway e) fermentation
B aerobic pathway
Prostaglandins and steroids share which of the following characteristics? a) Both are found in the cell membrane. b) Both have a ring structure in their molecule. c) Both have a saturated fat in their structure. d) None of these are shared characteristics.
B both have a ring structure in their molecule
Unsaturated fatty acid. chains contain one or more (blank) bonds between carbon atoms. a) peptide b) double c) triple d) monosaccharide
B double
When our body temperature rises above 37°C or 98.6°F, a negative feedback mechanism will be triggered to lower the body temperature. As a result, our sweat glands release sweat to cool the body temperature. What part of the negative feedback mechanism is the sweat gland? a) Stimulus b) Effector c) Receptor d) Control center
B effector
Which of the following properties is TRUE for both DNA and RNA? a) double-stranded b) follow the law of complementary base pairing. c) involved in translation. d) contain the bases uracil and thymine.
B follow the law of complementary base pairing
What is the order of channel openings for the action potential of autorhythmic cardiac cells? a) sodium channels, T-type calcium, L-type calcium, potassium channels b) funny channels, T-type calcium, L-type calcium, potassium channels c) funny channels, L-type calcium, T-type Calcium, potassium channels d) T-type calcium, funny channels, L-type calcium, potassium channels e) sodium then potassium channels
B funny channels, T-type calcium, L-type calcium, potassium channels
A recent blood test shows that Mr. Jimenez's total WBC count exceeded 11,000 cells/mm3 What is most likely his condition? a) Leukopenia b) Leukocytosis c) Polycythemia d) Anemia e) Thrombopenia
B leukocytosis
According to the sliding filament theory, how does muscle contraction occur? a) Both thick and thin filaments shorten as the muscle contracts. Myosin heads form cross bridges and pull thin filaments, causing them to slide. b) Myosin heads form cross bridges and pull thin filaments, causing them to slide. c) Calcium binds to tropomyosin which causes I band shortening. d) A bands bunch up and shorten as myosin heads attach to thin filaments. e) Myosin heads attach and detach from thin filaments, causing thin filaments to shorten.
B myosin heads form the cross bridges and pull thin filaments, causing them to slide
The QRS complex represents a) depolarization of the atria. b) repolarization of the atria and depolarization of the ventricles. c) depolarization of both the atria and ventricles. d) repolarization of the ventricles. e) delay of impulse conduction from the AV node to the ventricular myocardium
B repolarization of the atria and depolarization of the ventricles
Which of the following is not one of the basic components in a feedback control loop? a) Effector mechanism b) Transmitter c) Sensor d) Integrator
B transmitter
If damaged, which valve could allow blood to leak back into the right atrium? a) Bicuspid b) Tricuspid c) Aortic semilunar d) Pulmonary semilunar. e) Mitral valve
B tricuspid
Which scenario would cause a covalent bond to form? A) a H atom with a slight positive charge is attracted to a negative charge of another atom b) two atoms share electrons so they can fill their outer shells. c) constant motion of electrons and the creation of charge imbalances bonds two molecules together d) one atom loses one or more electrons, and the other atom gains one or more electrons
B two atoms share electrons so they fill their outer shells
Which is true about the sodium and potassium pump? a) Two sodium ions are taken into the cell. b) Three sodium ions are taken out of the cell. c) Three potassium ions are taken into the cell. d) Two potassium ions are taken out of the cell.
B. Three sodium ions are taken out of the cell.
What are the three components of a nucleotide? a) pentose, nitrogenous base, phosphorus b) deoxyribonucleic acid, base pairs, phosphate/sugar backbone c) 5-carbon carbohydrate, phosphate, nitrogenous base d) pentose sugar, 5-carbon carbohydrate, phosphate
C 5-carbon carbohydrate, phosphate, nitrogenous base
When antibodies bind to antigens on foreign blood types, clumping or (blank) occurs a) coagulation b) hematopoiesis c) agglutination d) alkalosis e) aggregation
C agglutination
An important plasma protein that contributes to the osmotic pressure of blood is (blank) a) thyroglobulin b) fibrin c) albumin d) glucose e) globulin.
C albumin
What is covered by the endomysium? a) Fascicles of muscle cells b) An entire muscle c) An individual muscle cell d) Myofibrils e) Smooth muscle only
C an individual muscle cell
If damaged, which valve could allow blood to leak back into the left ventricle? a) Bicuspid b) Tricuspid c) Aortic semilunar d) Pulmonary semilunar. e) Mitral valve
C aortic semilunar
Pufferfish contain a venom known as tetrodotoxin (TTX), which makes sodium channels stay closed. You'd expect a muscle cell treated with TTX to a) produce contractions that are stronger than normal. b) produce action potentials in rapid sequence. c) be unable to produce an action potential. d) operate the sodium-potassium pump more slowly. e) continue forming cross bridges.
C be unable to produce an action potential
Molly has blood type A and her daughter has blood type B. Why can't Molly donate blood to her daughter? a) Blood types A and B will coagulate during a transfusion. b) Mothers cannot donate blood to their daughters. c) Blood type B contains anti-A antibodies, which will agglutinate type A blood. d) Blood transfusions cannot be performed among relatives. e) Only fathers can donate blood to their daughters.
C blood type b contain anti-A antibodies, which will agglutinate type A blood
Why are calcium ions necessary for skeletal muscle contraction? a) Ca2+ ions increase the speed of the action potential transmitted along the sarcolemma. b) Ca2+ ions release inhibition on Z discs. c) Ca2+ ions trigger the binding of myosin heads to actin filaments. d) Ca2+ ions cause ATP binding to actin.' e) Ca2+ ions bind to regulatory proteins on the myosin filaments, changing both their shape and their position on the thick filaments.
C ca2+ ions trigger the binding of myosin heads to actin filaments
What is the final step of hemostasis in which the formation of a blood clot is accomplished? a) Vascular spasms b) Formation of a platelet plug. c) Coagulation d) Erythropoiesis e) Agglutination
C coagulation
The heads of the myosin myofilaments are called (blank) filaments together during skeletal muscle contraction. a) neuromuscular junctions b) synapses c) cross bridges d) motor units e) troponin
C cross bridges
Which is not a factor that increases stroke volume? a) increased end-diastolic volume b) increased contractility c) decreased arterial pressure. d) increased heart rate e) Epinephrine
C decreased arterial pressure
Prior to surgery, a patient will be given a muscle relaxant. Evaluate the following drug descriptions and select the one that will promote muscle relaxation. a) Drug A increases an influx of calcium ions into the axon terminal. b) Drug B inhibits the breakdown of acetylcholine by preventing acetylcholinesterase from acting. c) Drug C decreases the binding of acetylcholine to its receptor. d) Drug D increases the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. c) Drug E promotes an increase in acetylcholine from synaptic vesicles.
C drug c decreased the binding of acetylcholine to its receptor
Blood calcium levels are maintained by a negative feedback homeostatic mechanism. When blood calcium levels rise beyond their set point, a hormone called calcitonin is released by the thyroid gland to the lower blood calcium levels back to their set point. What role does the thyroid gland play in the mechanism? A control center B stimulus C effector D receptor
C effector
All of the following are examples of passive transport except a) facilitated diffusion b) osmosis. c) endocytosis. d) simple diffusion.
C endocytosis
The pH scale is based on a) neutrons in solution b) electrons in solution c) hydrogen ion concentration in solution d) hydroxide ion concentration in solution
C hydrogen ion concentration in solution
A saline solution that contains a higher concentration of salt than a red blood cell would be a) isotonic. b) hypotonic. c) hypertonic. d)hydrostatic.
C hypertonic
In the cell membrane, the hydrophilic part of phospholipid molecule A faces the exterior of the cell B faces the interior of the cell C is in the center of the phospholipid bilayer D faces both the exterior and interior of the cell
C is in the center of the lipid bilayer
The period between the filling of the ventricles and the opening of the semilunar valves is called a) atrial systole. b) isovolumic ventricular contraction. c) isovolumic ventricular relaxation. d) passive ventricular filling. e) ejection
C isovolumetric ventricular relaxation
If a sequence of nitrogen bases in nucleic acid were A-U-C-G-A, which of the following would be true about the nucleic acid? a) It contains deoxyribose sugar. b) It could be found only in the nucleus. c) It contains ribose sugar. d) It contains deoxyribose sugar and could be found only in the nucleus.
C it contains ribose sugar
In a centrifuged blood sample, the buffy coat situated between the formed elements and the plasma contains ___? a) leukocytes and erythrocytes b) platelets and erythrocytes c) leukocytes and platelets d) erythrocytes only e) leukocytes only
C leukocytes and platelets
An isotope of an element contains different numbers of (blank) from other atoms of the same element a) electrons b) protons c) neutrons d) both protons and neutrons
C neutrons
A stubborn infection continues to persist for Nyisha. A blood test reveals a bacterial infection, which is confirmed by an excessive number of ___ a) eosinophils b) basophils c) neutrophils d) lymphocytes e) monocytes
C neutrophils
Troponin, a major protein in thin filaments, is a globular protein with three polypeptide subunits. Which of the following is NOT a function of troponin? a) One subunit attaches troponin to actin. b) One subunit binds tropomyosin and helps position it on actin. c) One subunit binds to potassium ions. d) One subunit binds to calcium ions. e) All of the above are true.
C one subunit binds to potassium ions
What happens to the components of hemoglobin after a red blood cell dies? a) Protein is reused, bilirubin is reused, Iron is reused. b) Protein is reused, bilirubin is reused, Iron is excreted. c) Protein is reused, bilirubin is excreted, Iron is reused. d) Protein is reused, bilirubin is excreted, Iron is excreted. e) Protein is excreted, bilirubin is excreted, Iron is reused.
C protein is reused, bilirubin is excreted, iron is reused
A decrease in total plasma volume results from the (blank) mechanism a) atrial natriuretic hormone b) antidiuretic hormone c) renin-angiotensin d) aldosterone e) glucagon
C renin-angiotensin
Which of the following is not true of both triglycerides and phospholipids? a) They both contain glycerol. b) They both contain fatty acids. c) They both contain a hydrophobic and hydrophilic end. d) All of these are true of both triglycerides and phospholipids
C they both contain a hydrophobic and hydrophilic end
Which of the following is not true of enzymes? a) They increase the activation of a reaction. b) They are unchanged by the chemical reaction. c) They frequently require a cofactor or coenzyme to function. d) All of these are true of enzymes.
C they frequently require a cofactor of coenzymes to function
Which of the following are reactants of cellular respiration? a) Carbon dioxide and Water b) Glucose and Water c) Glucose and ATP d) Glucose and Oxygen
D - Glucose and Oxygen
Two solutions of different concentrations of glucose are separated by a membrane that allow glucose and water to pass through. When dynamic equilibrium is reached, there will be a) no movement of water or glucose. b) movement of glucose but not water. c) movement of water but not glucose. d) an even exchange of material across the membrane.
D - an even exchange of material across the membrane
If a 10% glucose solution were separated from a 20% glucose solution by a permeable membrane a) glucose would move from the 10% solution to the 20% solution. b) water would move from the 10% solution to the 20% solution. c) water would move from the 20% solution to the 10% solution. d) glucose would move from the 20% solution to the 10% solution and water would move from the 10% solution to the 20% solution.
D - glucose would move from the 20% solution to the 10% solution and water would move from the 10% solution to the 20% solution
Which of the following is not true of glycolysis? a) It occurs in the cytoplasm. b) It does not require oxygen. c) The energy is transferred to NADH. d)It is able to get almost all of the energy out of a glucose molecule.
D - it is able to get almost all of the energy out of a glucose molecule
An atom has 6 protons, 8 neutrons, and 6 electrons. Its atomic mass number is a) 2 b) 6 c) 8 d) 14
D 14
Which one of the following represents the correct path for the transmission of an impulse in the intrinsic conduction system of the heart? a) Atrioventricular (AV) node, sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers b) Atrioventricular (AV) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), sinoatrial (SA) node, Purkinje fibers, right and left bundle branches c) Sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV). bundle (bundle of His), atrioventricular (AV) node, Purkinje fibers, right and left bundle branches d) Sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), atrioventricular (AV) node, right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers e) Sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers
D Sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), atrioventricular (AV) node, right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers
Which of the following characterizes leukopenia? a) excessive number of leukocytes b) abnormally low number of erythrocytes c) excessive number of erythrocytes d) abnormally low number of leukocytes e) excessive number of neutrophils
D abnormally low number of leukocytes
Which of the following is not true of carbohydrates? a) They include substances commonly called sugars. b) They are the body's primary source of energy. c) They are a part of both DNA and RNA. d) All of these are true of carbohydrates.
D all of the above are true of carbohydrates
The atrioventricular valves are closed when a) atrial pressure is greater than ventricular pressure. b) the atria contract. c) the ventricles fill with blood. d) atrial pressure is less than ventricular pressure. e) atrial systole occurs.
D atrial pressure is less than ventricular pressure
Shakira is taking antihistamine medication due to several itchy mosquito bites. This medication blocks the release of histamine from a) neutrophils b) lymphocytes c) eosinophils d) basophils e) monocytes
D basophils
What is not contained in the plasma of blood? a) Nutrients b) Gases c) Hormones d) Hemoglobin e) Plasma proteins
D hemoglobin
During translation, (blank) is synthesized in the (blank) a) DNA, nucleus b) RNA, nucleus c) Protein, nucleus d) Protein, cytoplasm
D protein, cytoplasm
On an ECG, the T wave represents a) depolarization of the atria. b) repolarization of the atria. c) depolarization of the ventricles. d) repolarization of the ventricles. e) atrial systole
D repolarization of the ventricles
Which one of the following represents the proper sequence of hemostasis? a) Platelet plug formation, coagulation, vascular spasm. b) Vascular spasm, coagulation, platelet plug formation. c) Coagulation, vascular spasm, platelet plug formation. d) Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation. e) Coagulation, platelet plug formation, vascular spasm.
D) vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation
Which method of regenerating ATP during muscle contraction can produce lactic acid? a) Aerobic respiration b) Oxidative phosphorylation c) Direct phosphorylation d) Creatine phosphate e) Anaerobic glycolysis
E anaerobic glycolysis
skeletal muscle twitch differs from a tetanic contraction in that a) the tetanic contraction is considered abnormal, while the twitch is a normal muscle response. b) the tetanic contraction is caused by a single stimulus, while the twitch is caused by very rapid multiple stimuli. c) the muscle twitch is prolonged and continuous while a tetanic contraction is brief and "jerky" d) the muscle twitch occurs only in small muscles while a tetanic contraction occurs in large muscle groups. e) the muscle twitch is a brief and "jerky" movement, while the tetanic contraction is prolonged and continuous.
E the muscle twitch is a brief and "jerky" movement, while the tetanic contraction is prolonged and continuous.
In passive transport substances move from areas of (blank) concentration to areas of (blank) concentration
Higher concentration to lower concentration
A Bio45 student placed the collection of red blood cells into container filled with an unknown solution. Once in the container, this student noticed that the red blood cells swelled and some of them burst. Which type of solution were the red blood cells placed in?
Hypotonic solution
The "pacemaker potential" of pacemaker cells is produced by the opening of (blank) at the end of an action potential. a) funny Na+ channels b) fast Ca2* channels c) K+ channels d) Ligand gated channels e) Voltage gated Ca2+
a funny Na+ channels
Which of the following elements is least likely to combine with another element? a) Hydrogen b) Helium c) Oxygen d) Carbon
b. Helium
Positive-feedback control systems a) have no effect on the deviation from set point. b) accelerate a change. c) ignore a change. d) do not exist in human systems.
b. accelerate a change
The alpha helix is an example of which level of protein structure a) Primary b) Secondary c) Tertiary d) Quaternary
b. secondary
An ionic bond is formed by a) two or more positive ions combining. b) two or more negative ions combining. c) a positive and a negative ion attracting each other. d) sharing of a pair of electrons.
c. a positive and a negative ion attracting each other.
Materials can be moved from a low concentration to a high concentration through a) facilitated diffusion. b) filtration. c) osmosis. d) active transport.
d. active transport
membrane carrier structure attracts a solute to a binding site, changes shape, and releases the solute on the other side of the cell membrane. This describes the process of a) endocytosis. b) the sodium and potassium pump. c) channel-mediated transport. d) carrier-mediated transport.
d. carrier mediated transport
From smallest to largest, the levels of organization of the body are a) organism, chemical, tissue, cellular, organ, system, organelle. b) chemical, microscopic, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism. c) organism, system, organ, tissue, cellular, organelle, chemical. d) chemical, organelle, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism.
d. chemical, organelle, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism.
Atomic mass is determined by the number of a) protons and electrons. b) neutrons and electrons. c) neutrons, protons, and electrons. d) protons and neutrons.
d. protons and neutrons
