A&P lecture final review

What is the role of the endocrine system in reproduction?

Coordinating reproductive events

Gastrulation produces three germ layers. Which of the following is not one of those layers?

Blastocoele

Which of the following is the term for the events that occur during the first two months of development after fertilization?

Embryological development

Which of the following do(es) NOT contribute to semen production?

Endometrial glands

What is the "moment of conception"?

Fusion of the male and female pronuclei

What triggers the activation of the secondary oocyte?

Fusion of the sperm and secondary oocyte membrane

What is the hormone that is produced by the placenta and stimulates the mother's ovaries to continue the production of progesterone?

HCG

Which of the following does not occur during spermiogenesis?

The mitochondria and Golgi apparatus are packaged into the head of the sperm.

The term inheritance refers to which of the following?

The transfer of genetically determined characteristics from generation to generation.

What happens in the process of hatching?

The zona pellucida is shed from the blastocyst

A sign of thrombocytopenia would be

bleeding

Seminiferous tubules and newly produced sperm are separated from the general circulation and the immune system by all of the following except ______________.

blood brain barrier

The human lens focuses light on the photoreceptor cells by

changing shape

Transport of oocytes toward the uterus occurs in the uterine tubes by a combination of __________.

ciliary movement and peristaltic contractions

The first secretion produced by the mammary glands for the baby is __________.

colostrum

What is a complete protein?

contains all 9 essential amino acids

In a 28-day cycle, estrogen levels peak at __________.

day 14

The bulk of each tooth consists of a mineralized matrix similar to that of bone called

dentin

Whether or not fertilization occurs, the final destination of the ovum is the __________.

endometrium

The dropping levels of estrogen and progesterone seem to be the cause of the onset of menopause and its symptoms. What is the approximate number of primordial follicles in the ovary of a woman of age 50?

few to none

The most dangerous period in prenatal or postnatal life is the __________.

first trimester

When the amount of water you gain each day is equal to the amount you lose to the environment, you are in __________.

fluid balance

What is the term for a gene's position on a chromosome?

locus

The prostate, seminal vesicle, and bulbourethral glands do NOT __________.

provide chemicals to make the female's vagina more acidic

What happens to the chromosome number as a result of meiosis?

reduced by half

In strict dominance, a dominant allele __________.

will be expressed 100 percent of the time when paired with a recessive allele

As blood travels from arteries to veins,

pressure drops

The enzyme pepsin digests

protein

The chloride shift occurs in order to

transport bicarbonate ions into the blood plasma

The three masses of erectile tissue that compose the body of the penis are __________.

two cylindrical corpora cavernosa and a slender corpus spongiosum

Which of the following is NOT a function of the urinary system?

Adaptive immunity

What is the stimulus that leads to the release of renin by the juxtaglomerular complex (JGC)?

All of the listed responses are correct. Decrease in blood volume Obstruction of blood flow to the kidneys Decrease in blood pressure

A woman seeking to become pregnant could do which of the following to determine when she might be ovulating?

All of the listed responses are correctCount the number of days that have passed since the onset of her last menses Look for a thinning in the cervical mucus . Record her basal body temperature

________ are chemical messengers that are released by cells and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues.

Hormones

Which of the following enzymes are released from the acrosome of sperm?

Hyaluronidase and acrosin

Which of the following is not consistent with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?

Occurs as estrogen levels drop

What does it take for an ovulated oocyte to become a mature ovum?

Penetration by a sperm

Which of the following is accurate regarding the events of fertilization?

Two haploid gametes combine to make the diploid zygote.

The normal male genotype is __________, and the normal female genotype is __________.

XY,XX

Embryogenesis is the process that establishes the foundation for __________.

all major organ systems

For a given trait, if the genotype is aa, the individual is __________.

homozygous recessive

The group of tall cells in the distal convoluted tubule that serve as either chemoreceptors or baroreceptors are the __________ cells.

macula densa

An inflammatory response is triggered when

mast cells release histamine and heparin.

Throughout embryonic and fetal development, metabolic wastes generated by the fetus are eliminated by their transfer to the __________.

maternal circulation

Rupture of the papillary muscles in the left ventricle may result in

mitral valve prolapse

During oogenesis, meiosis produces how many functional gametes?

one

Fluid and electrolyte balance is maintained by receptors that directly measure _________.

overall osmatic concentration

Which of the following is not found in seminal fluids?

smegma (dick cheese)

An individual's basal metabolic rate ideally represents __________.

the minimum resting energy expenditure of an awake, alert person

Which systems that are relatively nonfunctional during the fetus' prenatal period must become functional at birth?

the respiratory, digestive, and urinary systems