A&P Lecture Midterm

186) Ogteocytes A) maintain normal bone structure by recycling the calcium salts in the bony matrix around themselves. B) are immature bone cells. 9 are giant cells with 50 or more nuclei. D) secrete acids and enzymes. E) are the cells responsible for the production of new bone.

A) maintain normal bone structure by recycling the calcium salts in the bony matrix around themselves.

182) Small channels, called radiate througzh the matrix of bone c) canaliculi D) lacunae b) Lamellae A) Haversian canals

c) canaliculi

D) osteoclasts be C) lamellae. 176) Narrow sheets of calcified matrix are referred to as D) osteoclasts A) central canals. lamellae. B) osteons.

lamellae.

202) Two hormones that work together to elevate calcium levels in the body are and B) parathyroid hormone; calcitonin D) vitamin D3; growth hormone A) vitamin A; vitamin C) parathyroid hormone; calcitriol

parathyroid hormone; calcitriol

189) Which of the following accounts for almost two-thirds of the mass of bone tissue? A) calcium phosphate C) osteons B) cells D) protein fibers

A) calcium phosphate C)

187) The organic component of the matrix, which makes up around one-third of the mass of bone, is dominated by A) collagen fibers. calcium carbonate. B) dendritic fibers. D) calcium phosphate.

A) collagen fibers.

181) The shaft of a long bone is called the A) diaphysis B) trabecula C) epiphysis D) canaliculus E) lamella

A) diaphysis

196) The following are major steps in the process of endochondral ossification: 1. Bone forms the diaphysis surface. 2. Secondary ossification centers form in the epiphyses. 3. Chondrocytes enlarge and calcify. 4. Osteoclasts create a marrow cavity. 5. Blood vessels invade the inner cartilage and new osteoblasts form spongy bone at a primary ossification center. The correct order for these.events is E) 1,3, 5, 4, 2 D) 3, 1, 4, 5, 2 B) 3, 1,5, 4, 2 C) 1,5,3, 4, 2 A) 2, 3, 1,5,4.

B) 3, 1,5, 4, 2

197) Which of the following occurs in intramembranous ossification? A) As the bone enlarges, osteoclasts break down some of the spongy bone and create a marrow cavity. B) Fibrous connective tissue is converted to bone tissue, which first resembles spongy bone. Periosteum forms a collar around the cartilage. D) Hyaline cartilage model forms. E) Ossification centers are formed as blood vessels and Osteoblasts enter the centers of the epiphyses.

B) Fibrous connective tissue is converted to bone tissue, which first resembles spongy bone.

201) The process of depositing calcium salts into a tissue other than bone is called B) calcification D) osteolysis E) ossification A) remodeling C) resorption

B) calcification

pa148 191) Which of the following is formed via intramembranous ossification? A) tibia E) femur D) carpal bones C) humerus B) mandible

B) mandible

194) During the process of existing tissue is replaced with bone. B) ossification D) osteolysis A) calcification C) resorption

B) ossification

190) An increase in the diameter of growing bone is termed B) intramembranous growth. D) endochondral C) appositional A) ossification

C) appositional

193) The presence of an epiphyseal line indicates A) the bone is fractured at that location. B) epiphyseal growth is just beginning. C) epiphyseal growth has ended. D) growth in bone diameter is just beginning. E) The presence of an epiphyseal line does not indicate any particular event.

C) epiphyseal growth has ended.

183) Bone-forming cells are called E) osteoids A) osteons B) osteoclasts C) osteoblasts D) osteocytes

C) osteoblasts

192) Rickets is a condition marked by a softening and bending of bones that occurs in growing children, as a deficiency result of C) vitamin D3 D) vitamin A B) vitamin C A) growth hormone

C) vitamin D3

180) The medullary cavity of a long bone lined with A) lamellae C) endosteum B) periosteum D) lacunae E) osteon

Cendosteum

195) The presence of A) an epiphyseal line C) trabeculae strongly indicates that the long bone is still growing- B) an epiphysis D) an epiphyseal plate

D) an epiphyseal plate

175) Immature, active bone cells that produce new bone matrix are termed A) osteocytes. E) osteoblasts. D) lacunae B) osteoclasts C) stem cells.

E) osteoblasts.

179) Which of the following is found only in compact bone? A) osteoblasts B) canaliculi C) trabeculae E) osteons D) marrow

E) osteons

200) The hormone calcitonin functions to B) elevate calcium levels in body fluids. D) depress calcium levels in body fluids. A) depress osteoblast activity C) stimulate osteoclast activity.

depress calcium levels in body fluids.

199) Which cell populations are particularly sensitive to changes in calcium ion concentration? A) neurons and muscle cells C) elastin and collagen fibers B) neurons and connective tissue fibroblasts D) collagen and reticular fibers

A) neurons and muscle cells

198) A compound fracture A)results in bone projecting through the skin. C) is also known as a closed fracture. B) is completely internal. D) is a type of incomplete fracture.

A)results bone projecting through the skin.

174) Bone cells capable of dissolving the bony matrix are termed A) lacunae E) osteocytes B) osteoclasts D) osteoblasts. C) osteons.

B) osteoclasts

178) The connective tissue covering the outer surface of a bone is (the) B) periosteum. A) osteon. C) endosteum.

B) periosteum.

D) osteoclasts be C) lamellae. 177) Spongy bone is made up of network of bony rods or plates called A) osteons. B) trabeculae. D) canaliculi E) osteoclasts C) lamellae.

B) trabeculae.

PO 185) In the skeletal system, compact bone is usually located A) in direct contact with articular cartilages. Bwhere stresses come from a limited range of directions. C) where stresses arrive from many directions. D) only in narrow ring around the diaphysis of long bones. E) where bones are not heavily stressed.

Bwhere stresses come from limited range of directions.

184) are giant bone cells with 50 or more ruclei. (A) Osteoclasts B) Canaliculi C) Osteons

(A) Osteoclasts

173) Which of the following is an example of the skeletal system's primary function of providing structural support? A) Bones change the magnitude and direction of the forces generated by skeletal muscles. B) Calcium salts are found in bone. C) Red marrow fills the internal cavities of many bones. D) The skull encloses the brain. E)Individual bones provide framework for the attachment of soft tissues and organs.

E)Individual bones provide framework for the attachment of soft tissues and organs.

188) Perforating canals A) are arranged parallel to the long axis of the central canal B) are always associated with osteons in cancellous bone. c) are arranged in concentric layers arounda central canal d ) provide passageways for linking the blood vessels of the central canals with those of the periosteum and the marrow cavity. E) occur in growing juvenile bone, but are obliterated in adult bone

provide passageways for linking the blood vessels of the central canals with those of the periosteum