A&P Nervous System

Neurons that have one axon and one dendrite with the soma between them are called

bipolar neurons

Head injuries that damage cerebral blood vessels are serious conditions because the

blood could compress and distort the relatively soft tissues of the brain

The part of the CNS that adjusts voluntary and involuntary motor activities on the basis of sensory information and stored memory of previous movements is the

cerebellum

The region of the brain that is involved in conscious thought and intellectual function as well as processing somatic sensory and motor information is the

cerebrum

The primary connection between cerebral hemispheres is the

corpus callosum.

The 2 cerebral hemispheres are separated by the

deep longitudinal fissure.

The branching structures that, together with the cell body, are sensitive to chemical, mechanical, or electrical stimulation are called

dendrites.

the _______ acts as a switching and relay center for integration of conscious and unconscious sensory information and motor commands.

diencephalon

What is the most sensitive body region?

forehead and fingertips

The ____is the layer of meninges that is in direct contact with the surface of the brain.

pia mater

Which part of the brain performs such abstract intellectual function as predicting the future consequences of events or actions?

prefrontal cortex

The only cranial nerve that is attached to the cerebrum is the

optic nerve.

there are ____ pairs of spinal nerves

31

what refer to the loss of memory from disease or trauma.

Amnesia, Alzheimers, and Dementia

Most neurons lack centrioles. This observation explains what?

Neurons lose their centrioles during differentiation, and they become incapable of dividing to regenerate damaged tissue.

The part of the PNS that brings information to the CNS is the somatic system. In general the nervous system is fast acting. It is divided into the CNS and PNS. what is each of these divisions comprised of?

The CNS is made up of the brain and the spinal cord components. The PNS is all the nerves that branch out from the CNS components and extend to other parts of the body - to the sense organs, muscles, and glands. The PNS connects the CNS to the rest of the body.

Which structure secretes antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin?

The Posterior Pituitary The entire spinal cord is divided into 31 segments, defined by 31 pairs of nerves exiting the cord. These nerves are divided into 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 1 coccygeal nerve.

Where do enlargements of the spinal cord occur?

The cervical enlargement extends between vertebrae C3 - T1 and the lumbar enlargement extends between vertebrae L1 - S2

Which structure secretes melatonin?

The pineal gland

the ________ nervous system provides involuntary regulation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glandular activity.

autonomic nervous system

Stimulation of the reticular formation results in

a sleeping individual is awakened or an individual who is awake becomes more aroused to external events. Damage of the reticular formation results in prolonged sleep or inactivity.

Another name for the patellar reflex is the

knee-jerk reflex

the ______ establishes emotional states.

limbic system

Which structure contains cardiovascular and respiratory rhythmicity centers?

medulla oblongata

Major centers concerned with autonomic function, such as heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration are the

medulla oblongata vasomotor centers.

What do you call the specialized membranes that protect the spinal cord?

meninges

Neurons that have 2 or more dendrites and a single axon extending away from the soma are called

multipolar neurons.

If the dorsal root of a spinal nerve is severed, what results?

numbness in certain areas of the body.

The visual cortex is located in the

occipital lobe

If Broca's area is damaged, what might result?

spontaneous speech and motor speech control. Words may be uttered very slowly and poorly articulated.

In adults, the spinal cord usually extends to which level?

the first or second lumbar vertebrae

What does the all-or-none principle state?

the strength of a response of a nerve cell or muscle fiber is not dependent upon the strength of the stimulus

The cranial nerve that has 3 branches is the

trigeminal nerve branches.

damage to the ________ nerve, which is vital for autonomic control of visceral function, could result in death.

vagus

Pulling away from a painful stimulus is an example of a(n)

withdrawal reflex.