A&P test 3
43.) How many metatarsal bones are there?
5
How many tarsal bones are there and how are they arranged?
7- 3 proximal (Calcaneus, talus, navigular) 4 distal
29.) How many carpal bones are there and how are they arranged?
8- 2 rows of 4
What important structure inserts on the calcaneus?
Achilles Tendon
41.) Why are babies born with open fontanels and sutures?
Allows for growth of the brain.
3.)Which of the following is not a component of the Axial Skeleton? (a.) skull (b.) vertebral column (c.) sternum (d.) clavicle
D - Clavicle
Label Skeleton
Diagram
Label Vertebral Column
Diagram
19.)The _______________________ is the socket that articulates with the head of the humerus in the shoulder joint.
Glenoid Cavity
42.) What is another name for the Great Toe?
Hallux
What 3 bones fuse to form the os coxae?
Ishium, Ilium, Pubis
33.)Be able to tell the difference between an adult male and female pelvis.
Male ■narrower, heart-shaped pelvic inlet ■narrower sciatic notch ■narrower angle where the two pubic bones meet in front Female ■open, circular pelvic inlet ■broader sciatic notch ■wider angle where the two pubic bones meet in front ■more outwardly flared hip bones
15.)A muscle fiber's Resting Membrane Potential is maintained by the ________________________________.
Na+/K+ ATPPump
24.)Would a person undergoing surgery to remove a herniated disc expect to be taller following recovery from the surgery? YES NO
No
What important structure inserts on the tibial tuberosity?
Patellar, Tendon
30.)Another name for the thumb is the _______________
Pollex
1.) A diarthrosis is a slightly movable joint such as an intervertebral joint. TRUE FALSE
True
1.) Cardiac and Skeletal muscle are striated. TRUE FALSE
True
11.) The sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscle fibers is a storage site for calcium ions and releases the calcium when stimulated by an action potential traveling through an adjacent T Tubule. TRUE FALSE
True
12.) T Tubules are continuous with the sarcolemma. TRUE FALSE
True
12.)The anterior cruciate ligament is an example of an intracapsular ligament. TRUE FALSE
True
13.) An Action Potential is a rapid up and down shift in the voltage across a membrane from the negative resting to a positive value.
True
2.) Cardiac and Smooth muscle are involuntary. TRUE FALSE
True
2.)The number of bones in an adult may vary between individuals due to variation in the number of Wormian and sesamoid bones. TRUE FALSE
True
20.)The amount of tension generated by a muscle and the force of its contraction depends on how relaxed or contracted it was prior to the stimulation. TRUE FALSE
True
23.) Immediate Energy for muscle contraction is provided by Creatine kinase and myokinase that collectively form the Phosphagen System. TRUE FALSE
True
24.) A Marathon runner would be expected to have more Slow Oxidative Red Fibers that rely on aerobic respiration for energy production. TRUE FALSE
True
27.)Multi-unit smooth muscle is found in some large arteries and air passages and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system.
True
3.)Smooth muscle is typically found within the walls of hollow visceral organs, blood vessels, and airways. TRUE FALSE
True
4.) A skeletal muscle cell is called a muscle fiber. TRUE FALSE
True
4.)The interosseous membrane that connects the tibia to the fibula is an example of a syndesmoses type of Fibrous Joint. TRUE FALSE
True
5.)The anterior, middle, and posterior fossae are regions of the ventral floor of the cranium. TRUE FALSE
True
7.)The endomysium is a sparse layer of areolar connective tissue that surrounds a muscle fiber and allows for blood capillaries and nerves to reach each muscle fiber. TRUE FALSE
True
8.) You have more bony joints when you are 60 years old than you do when you are 5 years old. TRUE FALSE
True
9.)All synovial joints have a joint cavity
True
39.) Is Dr. Wynn's sacrum fused? (Careful how you answer this, you could get extra credit by being wrong) YES NO
YES
16.)The anterior portion of the hard palate is formed by the ___________ (a.) Palantine bone (b.) Maxilla (c.) Mandible (d.) Lacrimal bone
b.)Maxilla
8.)Be able to label a diagram of a sarcomere.
diagram
16.) Be able to regurgitate the summary of Excitation-Contraction Coupling on page 8 of Lecture 9 Notes.
the physiological process of converting an electrical stimulus to a mechanical response This process is fundamental to muscle physiology,
17.) The tear ducts are located in a groove of the __________________ (a.) sphenoid bone (b.) ethmoid bone (c.) lacrimal bone (d.) maxilla
(c.)lacrimal bone
3.) Which of the following is not a type of Fibrous Joint? (a.) suture (b.) gomphosis (c.) synostoses (d.) syndesmoses
(c.)synostoses
15.) The mandibular condlye articulates with the _______________ (a.) coronoid process (b.) angle of the mandible (c.) temporal bone (d.) maxilla
(c.)temporal bone
23.) The correct number of vertebra and intervertebral disc are: (a.) 33, 23 (b.) 32, 22 (c.) 33, 33 (d.) 30, 20
(a.) 33, 23
19.) Which statement concerning a Motor Unit is incorrect? (a.)A motor unit consists of a sensory neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates (b.)A motor unit consists of a motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates. (c.)Fine control muscles such as those that control eye movements, have small motor units. (d.)Powerful muscles such as the quadriceps femoris have large motor units.
(a.) A motor unit consists of a sensory neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates
9.) The functional unit of muscle contraction is the: (a.) sarcomere (b.) sarcolemma (c.) sarcoplasmic reticulum (d.) sarcoplasm
(a.) sarcomere
8.) The Sella turcica is a saddle-like structure found on the ______________. (a.) Sphenoid bone (b.) Ethmoid bone (c.) Temporal bone (d.) Maxilla
(a.)Sphenoid bone
The tibia and fibula are attached to one another by a ______________ (a.) intraosseos membrane (b.) rope (c.) tibial tuberosity (d.) linea aspera
(a.)intraosseos membrane
10.) Thin myofilaments are composed of: (a.) myosin (b.) Actin (c.) Actin, Troponin, and Tropomyosin (d.) Light chain myokinase
(a.)myosin
29.) Which statement concerning single-unit smooth muscle is false? (a.) single-unit smooth muscle is least common than multi-unit (b.) in hollow viscera such as the intestines, there are 2 layers of smooth muscle (c.) single-unit smooth muscle is found in most blood vessels, the digestive tract, respiratory tract, urinary tract, and reproductive tract. (d.) Smooth muscle cells (myocytes) have gap junctions that allow one nerve to stimulate multiple myocytes without directly contacting each cell.
(a.)single-unit smooth muscle is least common than multi-unit
31.) The olecranon is part of the _______________ (a.) ulna (b.) radius (c.) humerus (d.) pollex
(a.)ulna
26.) Which statement concerning smooth muscle is incorrect? (a.)smooth muscle cells have one nuclei and no visible striations (b).smooth muscle is voluntary (c.)smooth muscle is capable of mitosis and hyperplasia (d.)there are no Z discs in smooth muscle
(b).smooth muscle is voluntary
30.) Which statement concerning smooth muscle is TRUE? (a.) smooth muscle contracts faster and with more force than skeletal muscle. (b.) Smooth muscle is resistant to fatigue and uses less energy than skeletal muscle (c.) Smooth muscle can only be stimulated by neurotransmitters (d.) Peristalsis is a voluntary contraction of smooth muscle lining the digestive tract.
(b.) Smooth muscle is resistant to fatigue and uses less energy than skeletal muscle
7.) The Temporal Bone contains all of the following features except: (a.) Styloid Process (b.) Coronoid Process (c.) External Acoustic Meatus (d.) Mastoid Process
(b.)Coronoid Process
7.)Which statement concerning cartilaginous joints is incorrect? (a.)cartilaginous are joints in which cartilage connects 2 bones. (b.)Costral cartilage that connects ribs to the sternum are made from fibrocartilage. (c.)Intervertebral discs are made of fibrocartilage (d.)Cartilaginous joints lack a joint cavity.
(b.)Costral cartilage that connects ribs to the sternum are made from fibrocartilage.
32.) A wedding ring is traditionally worn over this bone: (a.) Left middle phalange of P 3 (b.) Left proximal phalange of P3 (c.) Left distal phalange of P3 (d.) Left middle phalange of the pollex
(b.)Left proximal phalange of P3
10.)Which statement concerning synovial joints is incorrect? (a.)Synovial joints always have a joint cavity (b.)Synovial fluid is produced by cells lining the fibrous joint capsule. (c.)The articular surface of bones with a synovial joint is covered with hyaline cartilage. (d.)Reinforcing ligaments strengthen synovial joints.
(b.)Synovial fluid is produced by cells lining the fibrous joint capsule.
12.)Which statement concerning the nasal conchae is false (a.)The nasal conchae are also known as the nasal turbinates (b.)The superior and inferior nasal conchae are part of the ethmoid bone (c.)The inferior nasal conchae are formed by individual bones (d.)The nasal conchae are covered with a mucuosa that helps add water to inhaled air, warm inspired air, and filter out particles from inspired air.
(b.)The superior and inferior nasal conchae are part of the ethmoid bone
18.) Which of the following is not a component of the rotator cuff? (a.) supraspinatus (b.) biceps brachii (c.) infraspinatus (d.) subscapularis
(b.)biceps brachii
9.) What important structure is located in the Hypophyseal fossa of the sella turcica in a living person? (a.) sphenoid bone (b.) pituitary gland (c.) brainstem (d.) external acoustic meatus
(b.)pituitary gland
6.)The occipital condyles are located ___________ to the ______________ and form the articulation between the _________________ and the _______________. (a.)distal, foramen magnum, skull, mandible (b.lateral, foramen magnum, occipital bone, Atlas (c.)medial. Foramen magnum, occipital bone, Axis (d.)next, occipital bone, skull, mandible
(b.lateral, foramen magnum, occipital bone, Atlas
26.) The ________________ of the scapula is the socket into which the ball or head of the ________________ articulates. (a.) spine, clavicle (b.) Glenoid labrum, humerus (c.) Glenoid Cavity, Humerus (d.) Coracoid Process, Humerus
(c.)Glenoid Cavity, Humerus
19.) If you are a archaeologist who just discovered the skull of a 3,000 year old ancient Greek King, which bone associated with the skull would most likely be missing? (a.) Maxilla (b.) Parietal (c.) Hyoid (d.) Palantine
(c.)Hyoid
11.) What structure would be found associated with the Cribiform Plate in a living person? (a.) The Cribiform Knife and Fork (b.) Optic Nerve (c.) Olfactory Nerve (d.) Pituitary Gland
(c.)Olfactory Nerve
18.)Olfactory receptors are located within the nasal cavity adjacent to the ____________ (a.) Vomer Bone (b.) Inferior Nasal Conchae (c.) Superior Nasal Conchae (d.) Palantine bone
(c.)Superior Nasal Conchae
20.)The 4 normal curvatures of an infant's vertebral column are: (a.)cervical, thoracic, lumbar, pelvic (b.)cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral (c.)infants don't have 4 curvatures, their vertebral column is "C" shaped. (d.)Cervical, thoracic, abdominal, posterior
(c.)infants don't have 4 curvatures, their vertebral column is "C" shaped.
15.)Which of the following is not important in determining a joint's range of motion? (a.)shape of the articular surfaces of the bones (b.)muscle tone (c.)volume of synovial fluid with the joint capsule (d.)number and placement of ligaments in and around the joint.
(c.)volume of synovial fluid with the joint capsule
14.) Which statement concerning the neuromuscular junction is incorrect? (a.) Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter released from vesicles in the synaptic knob of the neuron. (b.) The neuromuscular junction is the site at which a motor neuron synapses with a muscle fiber. (c.) The Motor Endplate is the depression on the muscle fiber plasma membrane that forms the neuromuscular junction. (d.) Acetylcholinesterase is an enzyme that is located in the sarcoplasm that deactivates Acetylcholine.
(d.) Acetylcholinesterase is an enzyme that is located in the sarcoplasm that deactivates Acetylcholine. (lamina propria)
5.)How many different types of joints can be found on the adult skull? (a.) 1 (b.) 2 (c.) 3 (d.) 4
(d.)4
21.) Which of the following lists of numbers represents the correct number of cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccyx vertebrae? (a.) 8, 13, 5, 5, 4 (b.) 7, 12, 7, 5, 3 (c.) 7, 12, 6, 5, 5 (d.) 7, 12, 5, 5, 4
(d.)7, 12, 5, 5, 4
14.)Which statement concerning bursae and tendon sheaths is incorrect? (a.)tendon sheaths protect tendons of muscles as they pass over bone. (b.)Bursitis refers to inflammation of a bursae (c.)Bursae contain synovial fluid. (d.)Bursae are only found where tendons pass over bones.
(d.)Bursae are only found where tendons pass over bones & Muscles
13.)Which group of bones each contain paranasal sinuses? (a.)Frontal, Occipital, Temporal, Parietal (b.)Frontal, Maxilla, Mandibular, Sphenoid (c.)Frontal, Mandibular, Sphenoid, Ethmoid (d.)Frontal, Maxilla, Sphenoid, Ethmoid
(d.)Frontal, Maxilla, Sphenoid, Ethmoid
10.) The perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone forms the superior portion of the ______________ (a.) zygomatic arch (b.) ethmoid sinus (c.) Superior Nasal Concha (d.) Nasal Septum
(d.)Nasal Septum
17.) ATP is utilized in at least 3 different ways in Excitation-Contraction Coupling. Which of the following is not one of those ways discussed in lecture? (a.)Powering the release of actin by myosin heads (b.)Powering the Na+/K+ ATP Pump (I wouldn't circle this one if I were you) (c.)Powering the return of Calcium to the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (d.)Powering the deactivation of Acetylcholine by Acetylcholine esterase.
(d.)Powering the deactivation of Acetylcholine by Acetylcholine esterase.
14.) The Masseter muscle inserts on the ____________ of the ___________________. (a.) end, masseter (b.) angle, maxilla (c.) coronoid process, mandible (d.) angle, mandible
(d.)angle, mandible
28.) The deltoid muscle inserts on the ________________ of the humerus. (a.) head (b.) trochlea (c.) capitulum (d.) deltoid tuberosity
(d.)deltoid tuberosity
17.)Which of the following is not a component of the knee joint? (a.) medial collateral ligament (b.) posterior collateral ligament (c.) meniscus (d.) labrum
(d.)labrum
11.) Synovial fluid normally contains each of the following except: (a.) hyaluronic acid (b.) albumin (c.) phagocytes (d.) red blood cells
(d.)red blood cells
25.) The force of a muscle contraction depends on all of the following factors except: (a.)number of muscle fibers stimulated (b.)size of muscle fibers stimulated (c.)frequency of stimulation (d.)time of day (Its not easy coming up with incorrect answers that sound plausible)
(d.)time of day (Its not easy coming up with incorrect answers that sound plausible)
16.)Be able to identify each of the following movements: • Flexion • Extension • Hyperextension • Dorsiflexion • Plantar flexion • Abduction • Adduction • Circumduction • Rotation • Suppination • Pronation • Inversion • Eversion • Elevaton • Depression • Opposition • Reposition
...
40. If yes, at what approximate age does the sacrum fuse?
25 years of age
6.Be able to identify the epimysium, perimysium, endomysium, and muscle fibers & fascicles,
3 layers of connective tissue from outermost to innermost. Muscle fibers are the same as muscle cells. A fascicle is a bundle of skeletal muscle fibers surrounded by perimysium
18.)An isotonic muscle contraction develops tension in the muscle, but does not move any load.
False - Isometric
21.)Know the difference between concentric and eccentric isotonic muscle contraction.
Eccentric and Concentric contractions are both types of Isotonic Contraction. In isotontic contractions the length of a muscle changes, ie movement occurs, unlike an Isometric Contraction where force is applied but no movement occurs. Concentric contraction is the more obvious type of sixe change a muscle can have, it is when the muscle Shortens to move the Load. For example id one was to bend the elbow whilslt holding a weight (called a Bicep Curl) the Brachialis and, to a lesser extent, the Biceps Brach would shorten and pull the forearm up with the weight. Eccentric contracion is the type that muslce builder who wish to bulk up with inefficient muscle use. This is where the muscle Lengthens under conrtaction. To continue the same example above, imagine the weight was too heavy to hold up so it starts to fall under control. The brachialis and biceps muscles are still contracting trying to hold the weight in place but they are not producing enough force so the load is stretching them out.
1.)The average adult human has more bones than an infant. TRUE FALSE
False
13.) A meniscus is an intracapsular pad of fibrocartilage that is present in all synovial joints. TRUE FALSE
False
21.) The transverse ligament attaches the head of the femur to the center of the acetabulum. TRUE FALSE
False
22.) The coxal femoral joint is the most freely movable joint in the human body. TRUE FALSE
False
22.)An Olympic class swimmer would be expected to have more fast glycolytic white muscle in her quadriceps than would an Olympic class 100 meter dash sprinter (sprinting on land). TRUE FALSE
False
23.) A sprained ankle will always result in damage to the articular cartilage. TRUE FALSE
False
27.) Is rib 10 a True or False Rib? TRUE FALSE
False
28.)Single-unit smooth muscle differs from multi-unit smooth muscle in that Single-unit has one nerve's terminal branches synapsing with individual smooth muscle cells. TRUE FALSE
False
4.) A skeletal muscle cell is called a muscle fiber. TRUE FALSE
False
4.)Facial bones are in direct contact with the brain and meninges. TRUE FALSE
False
25.) Rheumatoid arthritis affects more men than women. TRUE FALSE
False (Autoimmune diseases affect women more than men)
1.) A diarthrosis is a slightly movable joint such as an intervertebral joint. TRUE FALSE
False (Freely Moveable)
24.) A luxation is a type of dislocation in which the bones are partially forced out of alignment. TRUE FALSE
False (subluxation)
5.)A muscle attachment involving a tendon is referred to as a direct attachment. TRUE FALSE
False - Direct or fleshy attachments: the epimysium of the muscle is fused to the periosteum of a bone or perichondrium of a cartilage. Indirect:muscle fascia extends beyond the muscle as a tendon (ropelike) or a flat broad aponeurosis and anchors the muscle to bone. Indirect is more common.
20.)Name the 2 joints in the body that have a labrum:
Shoulder (scapulohumeral) & Hip (coxofemoral)
...
Single Unit Smooth Muscle: 1. All muscle fibres contract together absent a unit. 2. They are found in wall of hollow visceral organs e.g. digestive tract. Multiple Unit Smooth Muscles:- 1. Individual fibre contracts absent separate unit. 2. They are found at the hair roots and on the wall of large blood vessels.
6.)Name the type(s) of joints present on the adult skull.
Suture,gomphosis,bony, synovial
