A&P2 Lab Exam 2 - Dr. Eade

How many carpals make up the wrist?

8

The synapse between which of the following two neurons is a part of a monosynaptic reflex arc?

A & B

Name the largest portion of the fibrous layer.

sclera

Identify the parts of the fibrous layer.

sclera and cornea

Cataracts typically affect which eye structure?

lens

Which part of the inner ear houses receptors most responsive to rotational (angular) movements of the head?

semicircular canals

Identify the process on the scapula that does not articulate with another bone.

coracoid process

Identify the structure that allows light to first enter the eye.

cornea

The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is also known as the __________ division.

craniosacral

This muscle works as a fixator of the shoulder when you attempt to lift a heavy table with your forearm.

deltoid

What is the specific function of the structure labeled F?

determine amount of muscle stretching

−− O: Xiphoid process, lower ribs and costal cartilages; lumbar vertebrae. I: Central tendon of diaphragm. A: Flattens to lower the floor of the thoracic cavity.

diaphragm

The galvanic skin response or electrodermal activity (EDA) test measures ________.

electrical conductance of the skin

What is the role of the pharyngotympanic tube?

equalize pressure between the environment and the middle ear

In a reflex arc, the __________ transmits afferent impulses to the central nervous system.

sensory neuron

−− O: Lower edge of rib superior to its insertion. I: Upper edge of rib interior to its origin. A: Elevates the rib cage.

external intercostal

− O: Inferior 8 ribs. I: Iliac crest, pubic tubercle, and linea alba. A: Flexes and laterally flexes the trunk; compresses the abdominal cavity.

external oblique

Invasive dental procedures can permanently or temporarily alter gustation. If taste sensations at the tip of the tongue are absent, which cranial nerve is most likely to be affected?

facial nerve

The buccinator muscle is innervated by the __________.

facial nerve

Cholinergic fibers release epinephrine.

false

Learned reflexes involve far fewer neural pathways and fewer types of higher intellectual activities than intrinsic reflexes, which shortens their response time.

false

Most reflexes are simple, two-neuron, monosynaptic reflex arcs.

false

The galvanic skin response measures an increase in water and electrolytes at the skin surface.

false

The iris divides the eye into the anterior and posterior segments.

false

The pupil can adjust its size independent of the iris.

false

Which organ receives major input from the sympathetic, but not parasympathetic, division?

skin

__________ muscles are activated in the pupillary light reflex.

smooth

__________ reflexes include all those reflexes that involve stimulation of skeletal muscles.

somatic

Which of the following landmarks is found on the posterior surface of the scapula?

spine

Identify the depression found on the posterior surface of the distal humerus.

olecranon fossa

Which of the following regions is known as the blind spot?

optic disc

Which cranial nerve carries visual information from the eyeball to the brain?

optic nerve

This muscle closes the eyes, allowing you to wink or blink.

orbicularis oculi

− O: Orbital portions of the frontal bone and maxilla. I: Skin of the orbital area and eyelids. A: Closes eye.

orbicularis oculi

Which muscle originates on the maxilla and mandible and inserts on the skin and connective tissue of the lips?

orbicularis oris

The _________ nervous system predominately controls the pupillary light reflex.

parasympathetic

The __________ girdle attaches the upper limb to the axial skeleton.

pectoral

This large, fan-shaped muscle of the upper chest is the prime mover of arm flexion.

pectoralis major

Which of the following is incorrectly paired?

pectoralis major---- arm abduction

What type of joint is formed between the radius and ulna?

pivot

O: Connective tissue of the deltoid and pectoralis major. I: Mandible; skin and connective tissue below mouth. A: Depresses the mandible.

platysma

The ________ tightens the neck and draws the corners of the mouth downward as in expressing horror.

platysma

Which muscle tenses the skin of the neck and assists in depression of the mandible?

platysma

Where is the vitreous body located?

posterior segment

Muscle that stabilizes the origin of another muscle.

fixator

This forearm muscle is a powerful wrist flexor.

flexor carpi radialis

What muscle elevates the eyebrows?

frontalis

Which muscle originates on the epicranial aponeurosis and inserts on the skin of the eyebrows?

frontalis

Name the types of papillae that contain taste buds.

fungiform, foliate, and vallate

The effectors of the salivary reflex are __________.

glands

Identify the socket of the shoulder joint.

glenoid cavity (fossa)

Identify the landmark found on the proximal end of the humerus.

greater tubercle

Identify the region of the radius that articulates with the ulna.

head

What part of the humerus articulates with the scapula to form the shoulder joint?

head

The following structures are innervated by both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS.

heart, lungs, stomach, and intestines

What is the major purpose for vitreous humor?

helps the eye maintain its shape

The arm consists of one long bone, the __________.

humerus

The equilibrium apparatus of the ear, the vestibular apparatus, is found in the __________.

internal ear

Identify the structure that regulates the amount of light entering the posterior segment of the eye.

iris

A prime mover (agonist) ________.

is primarily responsible for a movement

Which of the following best describes the orbicularis oris?

it closes, purses, and protrudes the lips

Where is the radius located in reference to the ulna?

lateral

Which of the following landmarks is found on the distal end of the humerus?

lateral epicondyle

How many bones are found in the arm or brachial region?

1 (humerus)

Which digit is the radius closest to?

1 (thumb)

This powerful muscle is the prime mover of arm extension.

latissimus dorsi

How many phalanges are located in the hand?

14 ~ Three phalanges make up each finger (4 x 3) except the thumb which contains 2 phalanges.

− O: Spinous processes of cervical vertebrae and connective tissue of the posterior neck. I: Mastoid process and occipital bone. A: Extends the head; rotates the head to the same side as the muscle that is contracting.

splenius capitis

Three small bones found within the middle ear are the malleus, incus, and __________.

stapes

When both muscles of this pair are contracted simultaneously, they flex the neck forward.

sternocleidomastoid

Which of the following regions of the radius help form the wrist joint?

styloid process

Which region of the scapula is found on the anterior surface?

subscapular fossa

Which rotator cuff muscle is correctly paired with its action?

subscapularis; medial rotation

The suprascapular notch is found on:

superior border

Identify the type of movement enabled by the articulation between the radius and ulna at the elbow.

supination/pronation

Muscle that aids another by promoting the same movement.

synergist

The temporalis muscle originates on the __________ and inserts on the __________.

temporal fossa; coronoid process of mandible

Stretch reflexes are initiated by tapping a __________, which stretches the associated muscle.

tendon or ligament

Which of the following muscle does not form part of the rotator cuff?

teres major SITS - supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor

Identify the areas that are filled with aqueous humor.

the anterior and posterior chambers

What reaction would occur if the muscle labeled E were suddenly pulled longer?

the contraction of muscle E

Which of the following muscles is involved in producing horizontal wrinkles in the forehead?

the frontal belly of the epicranium

When the term biceps, triceps, or quadriceps forms part of a muscle's name, what does it tell you about the muscle?

the muscle has two, three, or four origins, respectively

Which of the following is NOT used as a criterion for naming muscles?

the nervous system's control of the muscle

Which of the following statements is an example of the consensual light reflex?

the pupil of the right eye constricts while shining a flashlight into the left eye

Predict which of the following reflexes will have the most rapid response time.

the stretch reflex

Rami communicantes contain axons from ________.

the sympathetic division of the ANS

Outflow of the sympathetic division occurs from which regions of the CNS?

thoracic and lumbar

Which digit is composed of only two phalanges?

thumb

Two muscles in this image, identified by the letters C and D, share a function. What is that function?

to close the jaw

What is the major role of the basilar membrane?

transmit sounds vibrations to the spiral organ

This superficial muscle covers a large part of the posterior thorax.

trapezius

What muscle allows you to pick your head up from a "bowed" position?

trapezius

The temporalis muscle is innervated by the mandibular branch of the __________.

trigeminal nerve

Identify the region of the humerus that articulates with the ulna, located between the medial epicondyle and capitulum.

trochlea

A reflex that occurs on the same side of the body that was stimulated is an ipsilateral response.

true

Muscles of facial expression differ from most skeletal muscles because they usually do NOT insert into a bone.

true

Only the fibrous layer can be observed in its entirety from the superficial surface of the cow eye.

true

Where are ganglia of the parasympathetic division located?

within or near effector organs

The ganglia of the parasympathetic division of the ANS are located ________.

within the walls of, or close to, the organs served

This muscle is used in smiling.

zygomaticus

−− O: Zygomatic bone. I: Skin and muscle of the lateral upper lip. A: Elevates lateral portion of the upper lip.

zygomaticus major

The buccinator muscle __________.

compresses the cheeks

Identify the incorrect statement regarding the vitreous body.

consists of a thin, watery fluid

Identify the bones that make up the palm of the hand.

metacarpals

Name the sensory structure located in the enlarged swellings in the tubes at A.

ampulla

Muscle that opposes and reverses the action of another muscle.

antagonist

Identify the fluid filled space between the cornea and iris.

anterior chhamber

The __________ test is used for comparing bone and air-conduction hearing.

Rinne

Which region of the skeleton contains the humerus?

appendicular

The __________ is a clear, watery fluid that helps to maintain the intraocular pressure of the eye and provides nutrients for the avascular lens and cornea.

aqueous humor

Which of the following structures is highly vascular?

choroid

Which of the following structures of the eye is most responsible for absorbing light?

choroid

Identify the muscular structure that anchors the lens in place.

ciliary body

Which eye structure is primarily responsible for making the adjustments required to focus on objects both near and far?

ciliary muscles

These bones form the pectoral girdle.

clavicle and scapula

Which of the following will cause the reaction time of a reflex to increase?

a large number of neurons and their associated synapses

Identify the region of the scapula that articulates with the clavicle.

acromion process

What part of the inner ear houses the receptor organ of hearing, the spiral organ (organ of Corti)?

cochlea

The postganglionic axons of sympathetic neurons are ________.

adrenergic; they release norepinephrine

A prime mover or __________ produces a particular type of movement.

agonist

Muscle that is primarily responsible for bringing about a particular movement.

agonist

Which of the following statements is true of the group of fibers indicated by the letter D?

D indicates fibers that bypass collateral ganglia and terminate within the adrenal gland.

Which region of the ear houses perilymph and endolymph?

The labyrinths of the internal ear contain the fluids known as perilymph and endolymph.

At its insertion (unlike at its origin), the buccinator muscle __________.

attaches to fibers of another facial muscle

The __________ nervous system is the subdivision of the peripheral nervous system that regulates body activities that are generally not under conscious control.

autonomic

The pupillary light reflex is an example of a(n) __________

autonomic reflex

An agonist for elbow flexion is ________, whereas the ________ is an antagonist to this movement.

biceps brachii, triceps brachii

The ________ helps keep food between the grinding surfaces of the teeth during chewing.

buccinator

This muscle compresses the cheek when you whistle.

buccinator

Identify the bones that make up the wrist.

carpals

The semicircular canals of the bony labyrinth are responsible for detecting which type of stimulus?

changes in head position

What type of bones are the phalanges?

long

Which ossicle is directly connected to the tympanic membrane?

malleus

The masseter is innervated by the _____________ branch of the trigeminal nerve.

mandibular

The ________ is the main chewing muscle.

masseter

This muscle originates on the zygomatic arch and inserts at the angle and ramus of the mandible. It is responsible for closing the jaw.

masseter

What muscle originates on the zygomatic arch and inserts on the mandible?

masseter

− O: Zygomatic arch. I: Angle and lateral surface of the mandibular ramus. A: Elevates the mandible.

masseter

Testing the pupillary light reflex is easy to do and requires few tools. Which of the following statements does not describe the procedure for testing the pupillary light reflex as shown in the video?

measure the diameter of the left pupil in normal lighting

anterior forearm muscles origin

medial epicondyle

The masseter muscle originates on the __________.

medial surfaces of the maxilla and the zygomatic arch as well as the inferior border of the zygomatic arch

−− O: Iliac crest and connective tissue of the lumbar region. I: Rib 12 and the transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae. A: Extends the vertebral column; maintains posture; laterally flexes the vertebral column.

quadratus lumborum

What is the type of reflex represented by the pathway that includes A, D, and C?

reciprocal inhibition

−− O: Superior aspect of the pubic bone. I: Costal cartilages of inferior ribs. A: Flexes the trunk; compresses the abdominal cavity.

rectus abdominis

The letter E would represent which of the following muscles during the knee-jerk reflex?

rectus femoris

Which of the following are correctly matched?

rectus; straight

Identify the neural layer.

retina

This muscle originates on the spinous processes of C7 and T1 - T5, and inserts on the medial border of the scapula.

rhomboids

Visual field tests are done to reveal destruction along the visual pathway from the retina to the optic region of the brain. Suppose normal vision in both eyes for the right half of the visual field is observed along with absence of vision in both eyes for the left half of the visual field. Where is the damage to the visual pathway most likely located?

right occipital lobe

A synergist to zygomaticus, this muscle aids in smiling.

risorius

An example of an autonomic reflex that you will be studying in today's lab is the __________ reflex.

salivary