AAOS EMT-B FINAL EXAM REVIEW PART 1

Which of the following questions is of LEAST pertinence when determining whether a mother will deliver her baby within the next few minutes?

"Have you had a sonogram?"

When changing a medical term from a singular to plural form, singular words that end in "us" change to _______

"i"

Bleeding that exceeds approximately ___ mL is considered excessive

500

The cervical spine is composed of _____ vertebrae. A. 5 B. 6 C. 7 D. 8

7

The pulse rate of a child from ages 6 to 12 years is approximately:

70-120 bpm

Which of the following patients is at highest risk for a pulmonary embolism?

71-year-old male with recent surgery to a lower extremity

If a baby is born at 7:52, the second Apgar score should be calculated at:

7:57.

You have just delivered a baby boy. His body is pink, but his hands and feet are blue. His heart rate is approximately 110 beats/min and his respirations are rapid and irregular. He has a weak cry when stimulated and resists attempts to straighten his legs. His Apgar score is:

8

Your patient has a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 13, a systolic blood pressure of 80 mm Hg, and a respiratory rate of 8 breaths/min. His Revised Trauma Score (RTS) is:

9.

Shivering stops and muscle activity ceases once the body's core temperature reaches what?

90 degrees F (32.2 C)

Hypothermia is diagnosed when the core body temperature falls below what temperature?

95 degrees F. (35 C)

30. When assessing the heart rate of a 6-month-old infant, you should palpate the brachial pulse or ________ pulse. A. radial B. carotid C. femoral D. popliteal

Answer: C Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1162

38. The secondary assessment of a sick or injured child: A. is a rapid head-to-toe exam to detect life threats. B. should be performed, regardless of the circumstances. C. may not be possible if the child's condition is critical. D. is most appropriate when your transport time is short.

Answer: C Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1166

41. Early signs of respiratory distress in the child include: A. cyanosis. B. bradycardia. C. restlessness. D. decreased LOC.

Answer: C Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1168

48. Signs of a severe airway obstruction in an infant or child include: A. pink, dry skin. B. crying and anxiety. C. an ineffective cough. D. mild respiratory distress.

Answer: C Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1171

85. Which of the following statements regarding pediatric trauma is correct? A. Children are less likely than adults to be struck by a car. B. A child's head is less frequently injured than an adult's. C. Children are more likely to experience diving-related injuries. D. Inexperience and poor judgment are rare causes of pediatric trauma.

Answer: C Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1187

95. Greenstick fractures occur in infants and children because: A. the growth plate is commonly injured. B. their bones are more brittle than an adult's. C. their bones bend more easily than an adult's. D. twisting injuries are more common in children.

Answer: C Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1193

16. When assessing a patient with a closed soft-tissue injury, it is MOST important to: A. manipulate the injury site for signs of a fracture. B. assess circulation distal to the site of the injury. C. remain alert for more severe underlying injuries. D. recognize that the integrity of the skin is broken.

Answer: C Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 809

45. Which of the following statements regarding severe burns is correct? A. Severe burns involving the airway have a 100% mortality rate. B. The majority of severe burns involve full-thickness burns only. C. Patients with severe burns are especially prone to hyperthermia. D. Severe burns are typically a combination of all degrees of burn.

Answer: D Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 824

54. When caring for a patient whose arm is covered with a dry chemical, you should: A. deactivate the chemical with a 5% vinegar solution. B. quickly irrigate the arm with large amounts of water. C. use forceful streams of water to remove the chemical. D. brush away the chemical before flushing with water.

Answer: D Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 826

23. You are dispatched to a local elementary school for an injured child. As you approach the child, you note that he is lying at the base of the monkey bars. He is unresponsive and there are no signs of breathing. You should: A. begin immediate rescue breathing. B. stabilize his head and check for a pulse. C. perform a head tilt-chin lift maneuver. D. open his airway and look in his mouth.

Answer: B Question Type: Critical Thinking Page: 1160

81. A 6-month-old male presents with 2 days of vomiting and diarrhea. He is conscious, but his level of activity is decreased. The infant's mother tells you that he has not had a soiled diaper in over 12 hours. The infant's heart rate is 140 beats/min and his anterior fontanelle appears to be slightly sunken. You should suspect: A. mild dehydration. B. moderate dehydration. C. severe dehydration. D. hypovolemic shock.

Answer: B Question Type: Critical Thinking Page: 1185

25. During your assessment of a 22-year-old male who was assaulted, you note widespread contusions and abrasions to his face, chest, and abdomen. His pulse is rapid and weak, and his skin is cool and clammy. You should: A. perform a focused physical exam of his abdomen. B. administer oxygen and prepare for rapid transport. C. place him in a sitting position and give him oxygen. D. conclude that he is experiencing intracranial bleeding.

Answer: B Question Type: Critical Thinking Page: 815

9. The normal respiratory rate for a newborn should not exceed ______ breaths/min. A. 50 B. 60 C. 70 D. 80

Answer: B Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1154

12. Signs of vasoconstriction in the infant or child include: A. warm, dry skin. B. weak distal pulses. C. a rapid heart rate. D. brisk capillary refill.

Answer: B Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1155

16. The purpose of the pediatric assessment triangle (PAT) is to: A. determine if the child's vital signs are within the age-appropriate limits. B. allow you to rapidly and visually form a general impression of the child. C. facilitate a rapid head-to-toe assessment of the child by visualization only. D. gather critical data by performing a rapid hands-on assessment of the child.

Answer: B Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1158

22. Before assessing the respiratory adequacy of an semiconscious infant or child, you must: A. routinely suction the mouth to remove oral secretions. B. ensure that the airway is patent and clear of obstructions. C. insert a nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal airway adjunct. D. ensure that his or her head is in a hyperextended position.

Answer: B Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1160

25. To ensure that the airway of an infant or small child is correctly positioned, you may have to: A. place bulky padding behind his or her occiput. B. place a towel or folded sheet behind the shoulders. C. slightly flex the neck to prevent tracheal kinking. D. hyperextend the neck to ensure adequate alignment.

Answer: B Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1160

31. After determining that an infant or child has strong central pulses, you should: A. assume the child is hypertensive. B. not rule out compensated shock. C. conclude that the child is stable. D. assess his or her respiratory effort.

Answer: B Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1162

Awareness of and concern for potentially serious obvious and underlying injuries is referred to as the:

index of suspicion.

An _____ may cause a fracture or dislocation at a distant point

indirect blow

You are dispatched to an apartment complex where a 21-year-old female has apparently overdosed on several narcotic medications. She is semiconscious and has slow, shallow respirations. You should:

insert a nasopharyngeal airway and begin assisted ventilation.

In contrast to abruptio placenta, placenta previa:

may not present with heavy vaginal bleeding.

When a person is lying supine at the end of exhalation, the diaphragm:

may rise as high as the nipple line.

The six-pointed Star of Life® emblem identifies vehicles that:

meet federal specifications as licensed or certified ambulances

A lightning injury characterized by dysrhythmias that spontaneously resolve and superficial burns would be classified as being

moderate

A man finds his 59-year-old wife unconscious on the couch. He states that she takes medications for type 2 diabetes. He further tells you that his wife has been ill recently and has not eaten for the past 24 hours. Your assessment reveals that the patient is unresponsive. You should:

open and maintain her airway and assess breathing.

Regardless of the extent and severity of the damage to the skin, you should treat any injury that breaks the skin as possible

open fracture

You respond to a residence for a 9-year-old female with Down syndrome who is sick. When you arrive at the scene and assess the patient, you determine that she is unresponsive and has gurgling respirations. You should:

open her airway with a manual maneuver, suction her oropharynx, and insert a simple airway adjunct

A 77-year-old woman slipped and fell on a throw rug and landed on her left hip. She denies striking her head or losing consciousness. Assessment of her left leg reveals that it is shortened and externally rotated. Distal pulses, sensory, and motor functions are intact. You should:

place her onto a scoop stretcher, pad around her left hip with pillows, and secure her to the scoop with straps.

Before positioning an infant or child's airway, you should:

place him or her on a firm surface.

What is the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures called?

pulse pressure

When caring for an occupant inside a motor vehicle equipped with an air bag that did not deploy upon impact, you should:

remember that it could still deploy and seriously injure you.

You are managing a 62-year-old woman who is complaining of crushing chest pain. her blood pressure is 84/64 mm Hg and her heart rate is 110 beats/min. Medical control advises you to assist her in taking her prescribed nitroglycerin. After receiving this order, you should:

repeat the patient's blood pressure to the physician and confirm the order

When enlisting the help of an interpreter who signs, it is important for you to ask the interpreter to:

report exactly what the pt signs and not to add any commentary

If gastric distention begins to make positive-pressure ventilation difficult, you should:

reposition the patient's airway.

A patient who presents with profound cyanosis following a chest injury:

requires prompt ventilation and oxygenation.

Splinting can prevent all of the following, EXCEPT

restriction of distal blood flow CAN prevent: - compromised distal functions - paralysis of extremities - further damage to muscles, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and blood vessels

When assessing a patient with a head injury, you note the presence of thin, bloody fluid draining from his right ear. This indicates: a) fractures to the internal structures of the ear following direct trauma. b) rupture of the tympanic membrane following diffuse impact to the head. c) a linear skull fracture and a significant increase in intracranial pressure. d) significant pressure and bleeding in between the skull and dura mater.

rupture of the tympanic membrane following diffuse impact to the head.

The recommended treatment for absorbed or contact poisons includes _________.

safely removing or diluting the poisonous substance

Soaking the affected extremity in hot water for 30 minutes would work for injuries from all of the following marine animals, EXCEPT

sea anemones

Because a tracheostomy tube bypasses the nose and mouth

secretions can build up in and around the tube

Bruising to the _________ is LEAST suggestive of child abuse.

shins

The presence of tachycardia following a significant abdominal injury:

should be assumed to be a sign of shock.

By placing one hand on top of your head and the other hand over your abdomen, you are asking a hearing-impaired pt if he/she is:

sick

Which of the following types of muscle is under direct voluntary control of the brain?

skeletal

What part of the nervous system controls the body's voluntary activities? A. central B. sensory C. somatic D. autonomic

somatic

All of the following are hollow abdominal organs, EXCEPT the:

spleen.

you should not use tweezers or forceps to remove an embedded stinger because

squeezing may cause the stinger to inject more venom into the wound

A 15-year-old female was struck by a small car while riding her bicycle. She was wearing a helmet and was thrown to the ground, striking her head. In addition to managing problems associated with airway, breathing, and circulation, it is MOST important for you to:

stabilize her entire spine.

A 22-year-old female was ejected from her car after striking a tree head-on. As you approach her, you note obvious closed deformities to both of her femurs. She is not moving and does not appear to be conscious. You should:

stabilize her head and perform a primary assessment.

A ____ is a stretching or tearing of the muscle

strain

You respond to a soccer game for a 16-year-old male with severe ankle pain. When you deliver him to the hospital, the physician tells you that he suspects a sprain. This means that:

stretching or tearing of the ligaments with partial or temporary dislocation of the bone ends has occurred

Skeletal muscle is also referred to as

striated muscle

The MOST reliable indicator of upper airway swelling during a severe allergic reaction

stridor

A high-pitched inspiratory sound that indicates a partial upper airway obstruction is called:

stridor.

Frequent reassessments of the patient with face or neck injuries are MOST important because: a) hospital staff require frequent patient updates. b) such injuries can affect the respiratory system. c) rapid facial swelling may mask hidden injuries. d) they lend credibility to your documentation.

such injuries can affect the respiratory system.

During your primary assessment of a 19-year-old unconscious male who experienced severe head trauma, you note that his respirations are rapid, irregular, and shallow. He has bloody secretions draining from his mouth and nose. You should: A. assist his ventilations with a bag-mask device. B. suction his oropharynx for up to 15 seconds. C. immobilize his spine and transport immediately. D. pack his nostrils to stop the drainage of blood.

suction his oropharynx for up to 15 seconds.

Your primary concern when arriving at the scene of a motor vehicle crash is:

surveying the area for hazards

If one or more occupants in the same vehicle are killed in a crash, the EMT should:

suspect that all living occupants experienced the same serious trauma.

Deformity caused by a fracture would MOST likely be masked by:

swelling

Deformity caused by a fracture would MOST likely be masked by:

swelling.

Joints are bathed and lubricated by _____ fluid.

synovial

Which of the following statements regarding abdominal trauma is correct?

the absence of abdominal pain does not rule out intra-abdominal bleeding

envenomation

the act of injecting venom

With increasing age, the heart must work harder to move the blood effectively because

the blood vessels become stiff

Hypovolemic shock occurs when:

the body cannot compensate for rapid blood loss.

In contrast to younger patients, older patients are more prone to a decrease in blood pressure (BP) upon standing because:

the body is less able to adapt the BP to rapid postural changes.

allergic reaction

the body's exaggerated immune response to an internal or surface agent.

When treating a patient with chest pain, you should assume that he or she is having an AMI because:

the cause of the pain cannot be diagnosed in the field.

The first stage of labor begins with the onset of contractions and ends when:

the cervix is fully dilated

The first stage of labor ends when

the cervix is fully dilated

Geriatric patients present as a special problem for caregivers because:

the classic presentation of disease is often altered.

The Adam's apple is: a) the small indentation in between the thyroid and cricoid cartilages. b) the upper part of the larynx that is formed by the thyroid cartilage. c) the lower part of the larynx that is formed by the cricoid cartilage. d) below the thyroid cartilage and forms the upper part of the trachea.

the upper part of the larynx that is formed by the thyroid cartilage.

A "silent" heart attack occurs when:

the usual chest pain is not present.

When caring for patients with cerebral palsy, it is important to remember that:

their limbs are often underdeveloped and prone to injury

Following delivery of the placenta, the mother is experiencing vaginal bleeding. After massaging the uterine fundus and allowing the mother to breastfeed, the bleeding stops. This occurred because:

these actions simulate the production of oxytocin and cause uterine contraction.

When assessing a patient with facial trauma, you should be MOST concerned with

threats to airway, breathing, or circulation

A fall from more than _____ times the patient's height is considered to be significant.

three

You are attending to a 3-year-old male patient who is presenting with severe shortness of breath. His parents report that he has had a cough and cold with a low grade fever for the past two days. They became worried today, as his level of distress has increased dramatically. On assessment, the patient is sitting upright and making high-pitched noises with each breath. Based on this information, the patient is most likely suffering from:

viral infection of the upper respiratory tract.

Pleural fluid is contained between the:

visceral and parietal pleurae.

The clarity of the patient's vision in each eye is called

visual acuity

In older patients, the first indicator of nontraumatic internal bleeding may be:

weakness or dizziness.

Signs of compensated shock include all the following, EXCEPT:

week or absent peripheral pulses signs are: pale, cool, clammy skin restlessness or anxiety a feeling of impending doom

An infant is considered to be premature if it:

weighs less than 5 lb or is born before 36 weeks' gestation.

it must be a true emergency call to the best of your knowledge. both audible and visual warning devices must be used simultaneously. must be operated with due regard for the safety of all others

what are the 3 basic principals for using warning lights and siren?

preparation, dispatch, en route, arrival at scene, transfer of patient to ambulance, en route to receiving facility (transport) at receiving facility (delivery), en route to station, post-run

what are the nine phases of an ambulance call?

Epinephrine is indicated for patients with an allergic reaction when

wheezing and hypotension are present

What are the two most common signs of anaphylaxis?

wheezing and urticaria

Signs of an upper airway obstruction in an infant or child include all of the following, EXCEPT:

wheezing.

During your assessment of a patient who experienced a blast injury, you not that he has a depressed area to the front of his skull. This injury MOST likely occurred

when the patient was hurled against a stationary object

rearview mirror - creates a blind spot in front of the driver. rear of vehicle - this cannot be seen fully thru the mirror side of vehicle

where are the three blind spots around the ambulance?

You are dispatched to the residence of an Asian family for a child with a high fever. When you assess the child, you note that he has numerous red marks on his back. The child's parents explain that these represent coining--a traditional Asian healing practice in which hot coins are rubbed on the back. You should:

document this on the pt care report and advise the emergency department staff of what the child's parents told you

How does the eyeball keep its global shape?

from the pressure of the fluid contained within its two chambers

During communication EMTs need to take all of the following factors into consideration

gender, culture and age DO NOT consider race

In most children, febrile seizures are characterized by:

generalized tonic-clonic activity, a duration of less than 15 minutes, and a short or absent postictal phase.

The BEST way to prevent infection from whooping cough is to:

get vaccinated against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis.

An infant or child with respiratory distress will attempt to keep his or her alveoli expanded at the end of inhalation by:

grunting.

Contraction or tensing of the abdominal muscles in an effort to ease pain is called:

guarding.

The effectiveness of positive-pressure ventilations when treating a head-injured patient can ONLY be determined by: A. immediate reassessment following the intervention. B. a neurosurgeon or emergency department physician. C. reassessing the patient's blood pressure after at least 10 minutes. D. noting a decrease in the heart rate during ventilations.

immediate reassessment following the intervention.

Acute pulmonary edema would MOST likely develop as the result of: A.right-sided heart failure. B. severe hyperventilation. C. toxic chemical inhalation. D. an upper airway infection.

C. toxic chemical inhalation.

Bends

A common name for decompression sickness

The stooped posture of some older people, which gives them a humpback appearance, is called: Select one: A. kyphosis. B. arthritis. C. scoliosis. D. miosis.

A. kyphosis.

A drop in blood pressure with a change in position is referred to as: Select one: A. orthostatic hypotension. B. metastatic hypotension. C. malignant hypotension. D. psychogenic hypotension.

A. orthostatic hypotension.

Which of the following movement terms means "motion toward the midline"?

Adduction

Which of the following statements regarding anaphylaxis is correct? A. Patients with asthma are at lower risk of developing anaphylaxis. B. Anaphylaxis is characterized by airway swelling and hypotension. C. Most anaphylactic reactions occur within 60 minutes after exposure. D. The signs of anaphylaxis are caused by widespread vasoconstriction.

B. Anaphylaxis is characterized by airway swelling and hypotension.

Which of the following is MOST characteristic of adequate breathing? A. 22 breaths/min with an irregular pattern of breathing and cyanosis B. 20 breaths/min with shallow movement of the chest wall and pallor C. 24 breaths/min with bilaterally equal breath sounds and pink skin D. 30 breaths/min with supraclavicular retractions and clammy skin

C. 24 breaths/min with bilaterally equal breath sounds and pink skin

Albuterol is a generic name for: A. Alupent. B. Atrovent. C. Proventil. D. Singulair.

C. Proventil.

The phrenic nerves control the diaphragm and exit the spinal cord at:

C3, C4, and C5.

All of the following snakes are pit vipers, except:

Coral snake

______ sensitivity is important when you are assessing and treating a pregnant patient from a culture different from yours

Cultural

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND), rales, and dependent edema are clinical indicators of: A. emphysema. B. severe pneumonia. C. bronchitis or asthma. D. congestive heart failure.

D. congestive heart failure.

Which organization allocates specific radio frequencies for use by EMS providers

FCC

What occurs in the Patient Care phase of Extrication?

If it is safe to do so you may begin patient care before extrication. You will perform standard primary assessment by taking manual C-Spine precautions, accessing airway, breathing and circulation.

Which of the following is true regarding injury to the kidneys?

Injury to the kidneys usually indicates injury to other organs.

____ are held together in a tough fibrous structure known as a capsule

Joints

Which of the following may help reduce your patient's nausea?

Low-flow oxygen

What does RPM stand for?

Respiration, Perfusion, Mental Status

Which of the following is NOT generally considered an obstetrical emergency?

Return of contractions following delivery of the baby

Treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) would MOST likely be contraindicated in which of the following situations?

Shortness of breath and a blood pressure of 76/56 mm Hg

What is order you should break terms apart?

Suffix, prefix, the word root

Name four nerve agents.

Tabun, Sarin, Soman, VX

A young boy was riding his bicycle down the street when he hit a parked car. What was the second collision?

The bike rider hitting his bike or the car

Which of the following statements regarding the hypoxic drive is correct?

The hypoxic drive stimulates a person to breathe on the basis of low oxygen levels.

Respiration

The loss of body heat as warm air in the lungs is exhaled into the atmosphere and cooler air is inhaled

Which of the following observations or statements represents the "E" in the GEMS diamond?

The patient's residence is cold due to a malfunctioning heater.

Who is the Incident Commander?

The person in charge.

Which of the following statements regarding abdominal eviscerations is correct?

The protruding organs should be kept warm and moist.

Scuba gear

The system that delivers air to the mouth and lungs at various atmospheric pressure's, increasing with the depth of the dive; stands for self contained underwater breathing apparatus

From what internal female organ is the fetus expelled during delivery?

Uterus

The EMT has a legal duty to act if he or she is

a volunteer, is on duty, and is dispatched on a call

Signs of late heatstroke include:

a weak, rapid pulse.

It is MOST important to determine a patient's weight when asking questions pertaining to a toxic ingestion because

activated charcoal is given based on a patient's weight

During your assessment of a 29-year-old female with significant deformity to her left elbow, you are unable to palpate a radial pulse. Your transport time to the hospital is approximately 40 minutes. You should:

apply gentle manual traction in line with the limb and reassess for a pulse.

The musculoskeletal system refers to the:

bones and voluntary muscles of the body.

The MOST commonly fractured bone(s) in the body is/are the:

clavicle

You should deliver chest compressions to an unresponsive adult patient in cardiac arrest by:

compressing the sternum between the nipples.

The onset of labor begins with:

contractions of the uterus.

A grating or grinding sensation known as _____ can be felt, and sometimes even heard, when fractured bone ends rub together.

crepitus

speed is essential because in severe cases of anaphylaxis, WHAT can occur rapidly

death

Air bags are designed to:

decrease the severity of deceleration injuries.

The single most significant factor that contributes to suicide is:

depression.

Without practice, your CPR skills will __________.

deteriorate over time

Which of the following musculoskeletal injuries would MOST likely result in deformity?

displaced fracture

A supracondylar or intercondylar fracture is also known as a fracture of the:

distal humerus.

A Colles fracture involves a fracture of the:

distal radius

Accumulation of blood in the abdominal cavity will MOST likely cause:

distention.

Low fluid volume is caused by what type of shock

distributive shock

In nontrauma patients, an early indicator of internal bleeding is:

dizziness upon standing.

After a baby is born, it is important to

ensure that it is thoroughly dried and warmed

Before assessing the respiratory adequacy of a semiconscious infant or child, you must:

ensure that the airway is patent and clear of obstructions.

The first step in assessing a patient with a behavioral emergency is to:

ensure your safety.

wheezing is typically heard on

expiration (lower airway)

Asthma is caused by a response of the:

immune system.

When splinting an injury of the wrist, the hand should be placed:

in a functional position.

A 25-year-old man overdosed on heroin and is unresponsive. His breathing is slow and shallow and he is bradycardic. He has track marks on both arms. The EMT should:

insert a nasal airway and ventilate with a BVM.

A driver involved in a rollover motor vehicle crash will MOST likely experience serious injuries or death if he or she:

is ejected or partially ejected.

In contrast to viral hepatitis, toxin-induced hepatitis:

is not a communicable disease.

An abdominal aortic aneurysm:

is often the result of hypertension and atherosclerosis.

When caring for a patient with an altered mental status and signs of circulatory compromise, you should:

limit your time at the scene to 10 minutes or less, if possible.

all of the following are possible causes of cerebral palsy EXCEPT:

maternal preeclampsia

The upper jawbones are called the: a) mastoid. b) zygoma. c) mandible. d) maxillae.

maxillae.

If a patient with a chest injury is only able to inhale small amounts of air per breath, he or she:

must increase his or her respiratory rate to maintain adequate minute volume.

A _____ is also known as a hairline fracture

nondisplaced fracture

The proper depth of chest compressions on a 9-month-old infant is:

one-third the diameter of the chest, or about 1½ inches.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of true labor?

pain and contractions start and stay in lower abdomen TRUE characteristics: - once started, contractions get stronger - physical activity may intensify contractions - bloody show is pink or red

A 43-year-old man is experiencing a severe nosebleed. His blood pressure is 190/110 mm Hg and his heart rate is 90 beats/min and bounding. Preferred treatment for this patient includes:

pinching the patient's nostrils and having him lean forward.

When the level of arterial carbon dioxide rises above normal:

respirations increase in rate and depth.

Signs and symptoms of knee ligament injury include all of the following EXCEPT:

the affected leg externally rotated

which of the following is NOT a disease prevention strategy that people living in poverty are lacking?

vaccinations

this means the helicopter blades are spinning

"hot"

When administering supplemental oxygen to a hypoxemic patient with a chronic lung disease

, you should: adjust the flow rate accordingly until you see symptom improvement, but be prepared to assist his or her ventilations.

Today's EMS providers are trained according to the what?

- 2009 National EMS Education Standards

EMS is administrated through the federal level through what department?

- department of transportation (DOT)

after successful completion of this course, you should be able to take either your state's certification exam, or the _____ exam

- national registry of EMTs exam

a proactive approach to public health focuses on what?

- prevention of injury and illness

as a health care professional and an extension of physician care, you should not discuss your findings or any disclosures made by the patient EXCEPT to who? *

- the receiving nurse of physician

When changing a medical term from a singular to plural form, singular words that end in "on" or "um" change to _________

-a

Femoral shaft fractures can result in up to _____ mL of internal blood loss.

1,000

Once the infant is delivered, feel for a brachial pulse or the pulsations of the umbilical cord. If the pulse rate is below _____ beats/min, begin assisted ventilations

100

While the ages can vary, women typically experience menstruation from approximately _________ to ____________ years of age.

11; 50

What is the correct ratio of compressions to ventilations when performing two-rescuer child CPR?

15:2

A mother who is pregnant with her first baby is typically in the first stage of labor for approximately:

16 hours

A mother who is pregnant with her first baby is typically in the first stage of labor for approximately:

16 hours.

The suture of the anterior fontanelle is typically closed by _____ months of age, and the suture of the posterior fontanelle is typically closed by _____ months of age.

18, 6

How would you mix bleach and water to make an appropriate cleaning solution?

1:10 (1 part bleach and 10 parts water)

Notify the receiving facility about any avulsed tooth because reimplantation is recommended within ___ minutes to 1 hour.

20

Which of the following an appropriate dose of activated charcoal for a 20-kg child?

20 g

because the stinger of a honeybee is barbed and remains in the wound it can continue to inject venom for up to

20 minutes

Blood loss in a child exceeding ____ of his or her total blood volume significantly increases the risk of shock.

25%

Blood pressure is usually not assessed in children younger than _____ years.

3

With eye injuries, in some situations, surgery and/or restoration of circulation to the eye needs to be accomplished within ___ minutes or blindness could result

30

You must engage in at least how many minutes of exercise per day?

30 minutes

A person is said to be obese when he or she is _________% over his of her ideal weight?

30 or more

A person is said to be obese when he or she is ________ over his or her ideal weight.

30% or more

Portable and mounted suction units must be powerful enough to generate a vacuum of at least ____ mm Hg when the tubing is clamped.

300

What is the correct compression-to-ventilation ratio for adult CPR?

30:2

According to cultural norms in the US, what proximity could someone be to you if you were an acquaintance

4 ft to 10 ft

If the situation allows, a child should be transported in a car seat if he or she weighs less than _____ lb.

40

During pregnancy, a woman's blood volume may increase by as much as ______ percent.

50%

A portable oxygen cylinder should have a capacity of a minimum of ________ of oxygen.

500 L

In which of the following situations would it be MOST appropriate to utilize an air medical transportation service?

61-year-old man with signs and symptoms of a stroke and a ground transport time of 50 minutes

Which of the following patients is at greatest risk for complications caused by the influenza virus?

68-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes

Hymenoptera

A family of insects that includes bees, wasps, ants, and yellow jackets

Which of the following is an example of a psychiatric emergency?

A person violently attacking family members

Breath-holding syncope is caused by a decreased stimulus to breathe and occurs when

A swimmer hyperventilates prior to entering the water

Reverse triage

A triage process used in treating multiple victims of a lightning strike, in which efforts are focused on those who are in respiratory and cardiac arrest. Reverse triage is different from conventional triage were such patients would be classified as deceased

Which of the following is generally NOT acceptable when interviewing an older patient? Select one: A. Do not initiate eye contact, because many geriatric patients might find this disrespectful. B. Speak slowly and distinctly. C. Give the patient time to respond unless the condition appears urgent. D. Explain what you are doing before you do it.

A. Do not initiate eye contact, because many geriatric patients might find this disrespectful.

Which of the following is an example of a medication that would be given as suspension?

Activated charcoal

Air embolism

Air bubbles in the blood vessels

What is the most dangerous, and most common emergency in scuba diving?

Air embolism

What are the four types of radiation?

Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Neutron

Which is a dense slow moving radiation that can only travel short distances and can be stopped by clothing, skin, etc? What is dangerous about it?

Alpha- Patient can still be contaminate internally through inhalation or ingestion.

In what area of the lungs does respiration occur?

Alveoli

49. A child who has no recent history of illness suddenly appears cyanotic and cannot speak after playing with a small toy. You should: A. perform abdominal thrusts. B. visualize the child's airway. C. perform a blind finger sweep. D. give oxygen and transport at once.

Answer: A Question Type: Critical Thinking Page: 1171

32. A construction worker fell approximately 30′ and landed in a pile of steel rods. Your assessment reveals that he is pulseless and apneic and has a 10″ steel rod impaled in his left leg. You should: A. control the bleeding, begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), stabilize the steel rod, immobilize his spine, and transport immediately. B. remove the steel rod, control the bleeding, apply an automated external defibrillator (AED), begin CPR, and transport to a trauma center. C. stabilize the steel rod, control the bleeding, begin CPR, and rapidly transport to a trauma center. D. control the bleeding, carefully remove the steel rod, begin CPR, and transport as soon as possible.

Answer: A Question Type: Critical Thinking Page: 820

10. Compared to an adult, the diaphragm dictates the amount of air that a child inspires because the: A. intercostal muscles are not well developed. B. rib cage is rigid and provides little flexibility. C. abdominal organs force the diaphragm upward. D. upper airway is smaller and easily collapsible.

Answer: A Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1154

58. When administering oxygen to a frightened child, it would be MOST appropriate to: A. place oxygen tubing through a hole in a paper cup. B. tightly secure the oxygen mask straps to the face. C. have a parent restrain the child as you give oxygen. D. use a nasal cannula instead of a nonrebreathing mask.

Answer: A Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1176

59. When ventilating a pediatric patient with a bag-mask device, the EMT should: A. block the pop-off valve if needed to achieve adequate chest rise. B. squeeze the bag 40 times/min when ventilating an infant. C. ensure that he or she uses a neonatal device for children younger than 12 months. D. ventilate the child with sharp, quick breaths at the appropriate rate.

Answer: A Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1177

72. Signs and symptoms of meningitis in the infant or child include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. sunken fontanelles. B. headache and fever. C. a stiff or painful neck. D. an altered mental status.

Answer: A Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1183

17. In addition to external bleeding, the MOST significant risk that an open soft-tissue injury exposes a patient to is: A. infection. B. hypothermia. C. nerve damage. D. vessel damage.

Answer: A Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 809

47. A 6-year-old male presents with acute respiratory distress. His mother states that she saw him put a small toy into his mouth shortly before the episode began. The child is conscious, obviously frightened, and is coughing forcefully. You should: A. carefully look into his mouth and remove the object if you see it. B. encourage him to cough, give oxygen as tolerated, and transport. C. deliver a series of five back blows and then reassess his condition. D. place the child in a supine position and perform abdominal thrusts.

Answer: B Question Type: Critical Thinking Page: 1170

37. During an altercation in a bar, two patrons got into a fist fight. The first patient, a 44-year-old female, was struck in the mouth and refuses EMS care. The second patient, a 39-year-old female, has a small laceration to her left knuckle and also refuses EMS care. Which of the following statements regarding this scenario is MOST correct? A. You should contact the police and have the patients arrested. B. The 39-year-old female is at high risk for an infection. C. The patient struck in the mouth should be immobilized. D. The 44-year-old female is at high risk for an infection.

Answer: B Question Type: Critical Thinking Page: 822

56. Use of a nonrebreathing mask or nasal cannula in a child is appropriate ONLY if: A. an oral airway has been inserted. B. his or her tidal volume is adequate. C. his or her respirations are shallow. D. he or she is breathing inadequately.

Answer: B Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1176

86. When a child is struck by a car, the area of greatest injury depends MOSTLY on the: A. speed at which the car was traveling when impact occurred. B. size of the child and the height of the bumper upon impact. C. age of the child and the size of the car that struck him or her. D. height of the child and the speed at which the car was traveling.

Answer: B Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1187

57. Which of the following children would benefit the LEAST from a nonrebreathing mask? A. a conscious 4-year-old male with adequate tidal volume B. a responsive 6-year-old male who responds appropriately C. an unresponsive 5-year-old male with shallow respirations D. a semiconscious 7-year-old female with normal ventilation

Answer: C Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1176

62. In contrast to adults, deterioration to cardiac arrest in infants and children is usually associated with: A. irritability of the left ventricle. B. a sudden ventricular arrhythmia. C. severe hypoxia and bradycardia. D. acute hypoxia and tachycardia.

Answer: C Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1180

78. The MOST common cause of dehydration in pediatric patients is: A. high fever. B. internal blood loss. C. vomiting and diarrhea. D. refusal to drink fluids.

Answer: C Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1185

30. A 33-year-old male sustained an abdominal evisceration to the left lower quadrant of his abdomen after he was cut with a large knife. After appropriately managing his ABCs and assessing him for other life-threatening injuries, how you should care for his wound? A. Irrigate it with sterile water and cover it with a dry dressing. B. Cover the exposed bowel and keep his legs in a straight position. C. Carefully replace the exposed bowel into the abdomen and transport. D. Cover it with moist, sterile gauze and secure with an occlusive dressing.

Answer: D Question Type: Critical Thinking Page: 819

33. A teenage boy who was involved in a bicycle accident has a puncture wound where the bicycle kickstand impaled his leg. The MOST appropriate method for treating this injury is to: A. remove the kickstand in a circular motion and apply a dry, sterile dressing. B. cut the kickstand off just above the skin, and stabilize it with sterile dressings. C. leave the kickstand attached to the bike until the physician can remove it safely. D. unbolt the kickstand from the bike frame and stabilize it with bulky dressings.

Answer: D Question Type: Critical Thinking Page: 821

104. Causes of infant death that may be mistaken for SIDS include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. child abuse. B. meningitis. C. severe infection. D. hyperglycemia.

Answer: D Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1196

5. The sebaceous glands produce sebum, a material that: A. facilitates shedding of the epidermis. B. pulls the hair erect when you are cold. C. discharges sweat onto the skin's surface. D. waterproofs the skin and keeps it supple.

Answer: D Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 806

8. When a person is exposed to a cold environment: A. sweat is produced and is warmed when the vessels constrict. B. blood vessels dilate and divert blood to the core of the body. C. the skin becomes flushed secondary to peripheral vasodilation. D. peripheral vessels constrict and divert blood away from the skin.

Answer: D Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 806

43. A partial-thickness burn involves the outer layer of skin and a portion of the: A. epidermis. B. fatty layer. C. muscle fascia. D. dermal layer.

Answer: D Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 824

Which of the following injuries would MOST likely occur as a direct result of the third collision in a motor vehicle crash?

Aortic rupture

Which of the following is most likely to cause immediate death?

Aortic rupture

A patient is bleeding severely from a severed femoral artery high in the groin region. Which of the following would MOST likely control the bleeding?

Apply a topical hemostatic agent with direct pressure

During your visual inspection of a 25-year-old woman in labor, you see the baby's head crowning at the vaginal opening. What should you do?

Apply gentle pressure to the baby's head as it delivers

Which of the following drugs treat depression?

Aripiprazole

Under what circumstances is a left ventricular assist device used?

As a bridge to heart transplantation while a donor heart is being located

You are assessing a 45-year-old female who is severely depressed. She states that it seems as though her entire world is crashing down around her. She further states that she has had frequent thoughts of suicide, but is not sure if she can actually go through with it. How should you manage this situation?

Ask the patient if she has developed a suicidal plan.

Using the START Triage Method - When assessing a non-ambulatory patient, the patient is found not breathing. What do you do?

Attempt to manually open airway. If not spontaneously breathing, triage as Expectant (Black tag) and move on to next patient. If begins breathing, triage as Immediate (Red Tag), place in recovery position and move to next patient.

Which of the following is a good guideline for physical examination of any patient?

Avoid touching without permission.

A 62-year-old man with a history of congestive heart failure presents with severe respiratory distress and an oxygen saturation of 82%. When you auscultate his lungs, you hear widespread rales. He is conscious and alert, is able to follow simple commands, and can only speak in two- to three-word sentences at a time. You should: A. place him in a position of comfort, deliver oxygen via nasal cannula, and closely monitor his breathing. B. apply a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device, monitor his blood pressure, and observe him for signs of improvement or deterioration. C. force fluid from his alveoli by hyperventilating him with a bag-mask device at a rate of at least 20 breaths/min. D. place him in a supine position and assist his ventilations with a bag-mask device and high-flow oxygen.

B. apply a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device, monitor his blood pressure, and observe him for signs of improvement or deterioration.

Who is Incident Command established by?

By the highest ranking person on scene.

You are treating a 40-year-old male with a documented blood sugar reading of 480 mg/dL. The patient is semiconscious and breathing shallowly, and is receiving assisted ventilation from your partner. You should recognize that definitive treatment for this patient includes:

C) insulin.

1. Which of the following areas of the body has the thinnest skin? A. scalp B. back C. ears D. soles of the feet

C. Ears

You are responding to the dementia unit at a nursing home for respiratory distress. When you arrive, you notice that the patient is experiencing mild dyspnea and has an altered mental status. What can you do to help determine if the patient's altered mental status is appropriate for her underlying dementia? Select one: A. As long as the patient is alert and able to answer most questions, there is no need to determine if this is normal behavior. B. Ask the patient's roommate if this is normal behavior for the patient. C. Find a staff member who can explain the patient's underlying mental status to you. D. Because the patient already has dementia, there is no need to investigate this further.

C. Find a staff member who can explain the patient's underlying mental status to you.

A pleural effusion is MOST accurately defined as: A. a unilaterally collapsed lung. B. diffuse collapsing of the alveoli. C. fluid accumulation outside the lung. D. a bacterial infection of the lung tissue.

C. fluid accumulation outside the lung.

Dean, a man in his 50s, is acting irrationally. His wife states that he thinks he is the dictator of a small country, and he is wearing nothing but a baseball cap and a belt with a small handgun attached to it. What is your best course of action?

Call for police backup.

What are the two pulmonary agents?

Chlorine gas and Phosgene

When a term has more than one word root, a ________ must be placed between the two word roots, even if the second root begins with a vowel

Combining Vowel

Which of the following statements regarding compartment syndrome is correct?

Compartment syndrome typically develops within 6 to 12 hours after an injury.

Which of the following findings is LEAST suggestive of child abuse?

Consistency in the method of injury reported by the caregiver

Significant blood loss demands your immediate attention as soon as the _____ has been managed.

Controlling major external bleeding is always the priority.

A person who strands outside in windy, wintry weather and wears only lightweight clothing is experiencing heat loss mainly by what method?

Convection

The transfer of heat to circulating air, such as when cool air moves across the body's surface, is called:

Convection

Evaporation

Conversion of water or another liquid to gas

Which of the following is NOT a sign of the beginning of labor?

Crowning

Where are placards located?

DOT requires that they are placed on all four sides of highway transport vehicles.

Frostbite

Damage to the tissues as the result of exposure to cold; frozen body parts

Understanding how terms are formed and the ___________ for the various parts of a medical term will help you determine the mean of an unknown term.

Definitions

Which of the following would MOST likely occur as the direct result of the second collision in a motor vehicle crash?

Deformed steering wheel

What does Delayed mean in Triage and what is the color of their tag?

Delayed patients are second priority. They need treatment and transport but not immediately. They are Yellow Tagged.

Reactions to stress can be categorized in one of three different groups. Which of the following reactions manifest after the stressful event has calmed down?

Delayed stress reaction

Which of the following findings would be LEAST suggestive of the presence of high-energy trauma?

Deployment of the air bag

What occurs in the Removal of the Patient phase of Extrication?

Determination of how the patient is trapped and determine the safest, easiest way to extract PT. Decide if rapid extraction or spinal immobilization device can be utilized. Your input is important in this process to facilitate a plan. Once plan for extrication has be devised you will focus on how to protect the patient and monitor their condition while the vehicle is being cut. Maintain communication with patient.

3

Determine the Apgar score in the following scenario: You arrive at the scene of a home delivery. Upon entering the scene, the father appears upset and hands you a limp baby. The child has a weak cry, is completely cyanotic, and has a pulse of 70 beats/min. Respirations are slow.

Which of the following musculoskeletal injuries would MOST likely result in deformity?

Displaced fracture

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor to consider when assessing a suicidal patient?

Does the patient appear to be well groomed?

With regard to the legal implications of child abuse:

EMTs must report all suspected cases of child abuse.

A 12-year-old male jumped approximately 12 feet from a tree and landed on his feet. He complains of pain to his lower back. What injury mechanism is MOST likely responsible for his back pain?

Energy transmission to the spine

The common suffix "megaly" means ________

Enlargement

Define extrication.

Extrication is the removal from entrapment or from a dangerous position or situation.

Which of the following is NOT true about fractures?

FALSE: the difference between a broken bone and a fractured bone depends on the severity of the break TRUE: fractures are classified as either closed or open; radiograph examinations are required for physicians to diagnose a nondisplaced fracture; it is important to look for differences between the injured limb and the opposite, uninjured limb

Fertilization usually occurs when the egg is inside the:

Fallopian tube

Which of the following is the MOST common mechanism of injury in older patients?

Falls

What is the most common misconception surrounding mental illness?

Feeling "bad" or "depressed" means that you must be "sick."

Which of the following is a normal reaction to a crisis situation?

Feeling "blue" after the breakup of a long-term relationship

Which of the following groups of people is associated with the lowest risk of meningitis?

Females

You are responding to the dementia unit at a nursing home for respiratory distress. When you arrive, you notice that the patient is experiencing mild dyspnea and has an altered mental status. What can you do to help determine if the patient's altered mental status is appropriate for her underlying dementia?

Find a staff member who can explain the patient's underlying mental status to you.

When caring for a patient whose first language is not english, what is your first step?

Find out how much English the patient can speak

these are used for inter-hospital patient transfers over distances greater than 100 to 150 miles (long term air care)

Fixed-wing units

Common names for activated charcoal include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Fructose.

About how much space should you maintain around an undeployed airbag?

Generally: 5 inches clearance around side impact airbags 10 inches clearance around driver side airbags 20 inches clearance around passenger side airbags"

A 70-year-old man presents with a severe nosebleed. His medical history includes COPD, depression, and a hemorrhagic stroke 3 years ago. His BP is 190/110 mm Hg, his pulse is 100 beats/min, and his respirations are 24 breaths/min. His medications include albuterol, sertraline (Zoloft), and multivitamins. Which of the following is MOST likely causing his nosebleed today?

High blood pressure

By what route is epinephrine usually administered?

IM

Which of the following medications would the EMT be LEAST likely to administer to a patient with a medical complaint?

Ibuprofen

Which of the following statements regarding sickle cell disease is correct?

In sickle cell disease, the red blood cells are abnormally shaped and are less able to carry oxygen.

Which of the following statements regarding gestational diabetes is correct?

In some cases, women with gestational diabetes require insulin injections.

What are Tertiary Blast Injuries?

Injuries caused by striking the environmental objects (trees, building, vehicles, ground)

What does Cyanide do and what is the management?

Interferes with body's ability to deliver oxygen to cells leading to hypoxia and death. You will want too administer high-flow oxygen and support positive pressure ventilation. Administer antidote. Patients exposed to cyanide and who have shortness of breath will have a normal pulse ox reading.

which of the following statements regarding the pain associated with AMI is correct

It can occur during exertion or when the patient is at rest.

Aggressive ambulance driving may have a negative effect on other motorists because:

It may not allow for their reaction time to respond to your vehicle.

Which of the following statements about compartment syndrome is NOT true?

It most commonly occurs with a fractured femur

Which of the following statements about compartment syndrome is NOT true?

It most commonly occurs with a fractured femur.

What are some examples of Vesicants?

Lewisite, Phosgene Oxime, Mustard Gas

Which of the following is NOT performed immediately following delivery of the infant

Obtain an Apgar score.

What occurs in the Patient Transfer phase of Extrication?

Once patient is freed perform complete assessment. Load on to ambulance and perform remaining steps for en route to hospital.

When should you visually inspect the external genitalia on your patient?

Only when there is a complaint of severe pain or other injury

Which of the following statements regarding medications is False.

Over-the-counter drugs must be prescribed by a physician

Heat cramps

Painful muscle spasms usually associated with vigorous activity in a hot environment

Which of the following statements regarding gonorrhea is correct?

Painful urination is a common symptom of gonorrhea in both men and women.

Signs and symptoms of an air embolism include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Pale skin

Which of the following organs lies in the retroperitoneal space?

Pancreas

Which of the following conditions would most likely cause a patient to slur words, speak very slowly or speak in a monotone?

Parkinson's disease

What should you do if power lines are touching or located in proximity to a vehicle involved in the crash?

Patients should be instructed to remain in the vehicle until the power is shut off by a utility company representative.

Which of the following statements regarding dialysis is correct?

Patients who miss a dialysis treatment often present with weakness.

By what mechanism is a person injured when he or she falls from a significant height?

Potential energy is converted to kinetic energy; the kinetic energy is then converted into the work of bringing the body to a stop.

The part of the term that appears at the beginning of a word is called a ____________

Prefix

abruptio placenta.

Premature separation of the placenta from the wall of the uterus is known as:

Which of the following interventions is the MOST critical to the outcome of a patient with multisystem trauma?

Rapid transport to a trauma center

Which section of the heart receives deoxygenated blood?

Right

You are called to a well-kept home for an 8-year-old girl. She presents with vomiting, headache, and partial paralysis. During the history-taking stage, her mother reports that about 8 days ago they were hiking in the mountains and when they arrived home, the child found a tick on her leg, which the mother removed. What could be affecting this patient?

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

Which of the following drugs is commonly referred to as "roofies"?

Rohypnol

Which of the following is considered a type of motor vehicle collision?

Rollover

Which of the following is NOT a stage of labor?

Rupture of amniotic fluid

What are signs and symptoms of Cyanide?

S.O.B., dizziness, weakness, anxiety, tachycardia, tachypnea, Altered mental status, cardiac arrest, apnea, seizures.

warm skin or fever, tachycardia, and low blood pressure would be signs and symptoms of which type of shock

Septic

Which of the following conditions would be LEAST likely to result in hypoxia?

Severe anxiety

Which of the following inquiries should you make in private when obtaining a SAMPLE history from an adolescent patient?

Sexual activity

What are Bills of Lading?

Shipping papers used for transportation of Chemicals over roads and highways; also referred to as freight bills.

Assuming that no obvious signs of intra-abdominal injury are present, which of the following injuries would MOST likely cause an injury to the liver or spleen to be overlooked?

Shoulder fracture

What does START triage stand for?

Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment

What are the differences between Simple Access and Complex Access?

Simple access is trying to get to the patient without using tools or force. Complex access may require special tools such a pneumatic or hydrolic devices and the removal or roof/ breaking of windows.

What type of muscle contracts and relaxes to control the movement of the contents within its structures?

Smooth

Define Hazardous Material.

Solids, Liquids, or gases that pose a threat to people property and the environment.

If you suspect a terrorist event has occurred or WMD has been used, where should you stage your vehicle?

Stage your vehicle a safe distance (usually 1 to 2 blocks from incident) and wait for law enforcement to advise you that the scene is secure. Make sure to be upwind and uphill.

What are two underlying principles of NIMS (National Incident Management System)?

Standardization & Flexibility

Which of the following conditions is NOT categorized as a psychiatric condition?

Substance abuse

Which of the following statements regarding suctioning of a newborn's mouth and oropharynx is correct?

Suctioning is indicated prior to cutting the cord if respiratory distress is present.

What is a DuoDote Auto-Injector?

The DuoDote Auto-Injector contains 2.1mg of Atropine and 600mg of pralidoxime chloride (2-Pam). Atropine is used to block the nerve agent and 2-PAM is used to eliminate the agent from the body.

Which of the following statements regarding the Salmonella bacterium is correct?

The Salmonella bacterium itself causes food poisoning.

Which of the following statements regarding glucose is correct?

The brain requires glucose as much as it requires oxygen.

On inhalation, which of the following does NOT occur?

The pressure inside the chest increases.

Diving reflex

The slowing of the heart rate caused by submerging in Coldwater

What is the Warm Zone?

The zone between Hot and Cold. PPE is required. Only life-threatening injuries are treated in the Warm Zone. Decontamination must occur in the warm zone before entering the Cold Zone.

In the context of an environment that is 90 degrees F with 85% humidity, what does moist, pale, cool skin indicate?

There has been excessive fluid and salt loss

Which of the following statements regarding multiple gestations is FALSE:

There is only one placenta with the birth of twins

Why are Nerve agents considered a significant threat?

They are easily acquired and used.

What are Secondary Blast Injuries?

They are injuries caused by the flying debris and shrapnel

Which of the following statements regarding the use of nasopharyngeal airways in children is correct?

They are rarely used in infants younger than 1 year.

Which of the following statements regarding motor nerves is correct? a) They perform special functions such as sight, smell, and hearing. b) They are part of the CNS and control reflexes. c) They transmit information from the body to the brain via the spinal cord. d) They carry information from the CNS to the muscles.

They carry information from the CNS to the muscles.

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding patients with autism?

They will talk with normal tone and speech patterns.

What is the Danger Zone?

This is the area where people can be exposed to sharp metal edges, broke glass, toxic substances, radiation, or explosion of hazardous materials.

What occurs in the Gaining Access phase of Extrication?

This is the most critical phase. EMTs without additional training do not typically gain access to PT if there are special hazards. EMT to provide eye protection and covering of PT with blanket. Maintaining good communication with patient is key.

What does the 360 degree walk around the scene allow you to do?

This will allow you to access injuries, hazards and # of patients.

What are three things that can protect from radiation?

Time, Distance, and Shielding

What are the tasks under the Transportation Branch of Medical Incident Command?

Transportation supervisor will coordinate transportation of patients to appropriate destinations. Must ensure receiving hospitals are not overwhelmed.

When does treatment of patients begin in a MCI?

Treatment begins when ALL patients have been triaged.

Which of the following would be the MOST practical method of communicating with a hearing-impaired patient until his or her hearing aids can be located?

Using a piece of paper and writing utensil to ask questions

Which of the following occurs during true labor?

Uterine contractions become more regular.

Transmission is the way an infectious disease is spread. How does transmission by parasitic worm or insect take place?

Vector-borne

The terms that have replaced the terms anterior and posterior are ______ and ________

Ventral; dorsal

Spina bifida is MOST accurately defined as:

a birth defect caused by incomplete closure of the spinal column

allergen

a substance that causes and allergic reaction

Early signs of respiratory distress in the pediatric patient include all of the following, EXCEPT:

abnormal airway noise.

When using medical abbreviations, acronyms, and symbols, be sure not to trade speed for _____________

accuracy

A 70-year-old man complains of a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. He has dried blood on his lips and is very anxious. His left leg is red, swollen, and painful. The EMT should:

administer high-flow oxygen.

You are dispatched to a residence for a child with respiratory distress. The patient, an 18-month-old female, is tachypneic, has sternal retractions, and is clinging to her mother. Her skin is pink and dry, and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. The MOST appropriate treatment for this child includes:

administering blow-by oxygen and transporting the child with her mother.

The MOST appropriate treatment for a patient with a mild upper airway obstruction includes:

administering oxygen and transporting immediately.

What are the epinephrine doses for adult and pediatric anaphylactic patients

adult .3mg pediatric .15mg

A specific legal document that directs relatives and caregivers regarding the medical treatment that may be given to patients who cannot speak for themselves is called a(n):

advance directive.

Subcutaneous emphysema is an indication that

air is escaping into the chest wall from a damaged lung

Crackles (rales) are caused by _________.

air passing through fluid

in dealing with allergy-related emergencies you must be aware of the possibility of an acute WHAT and cardiovascular collapse

airway obstruction

Which of the following is considered protective clothing for an EMT? cold weather clothing, gloves, helmets

all of them - cold weather clothing, gloves, helmets

If spinal immobilization is indicated and time allows, splint individual extremity fractures during transport. this accomplishes which of the following?

all the above minimizes discomfort prevents the broken bone ends from further damaging adjacent tissues minimizes pain

when caring for a pt with a visual impairment, which of the following is NOT appropriate?

always transporting the pt's service dog

Which of the following is an example of abandonment?

an Emergency Medical Responder is transferred patient care from an Advanced EMT

Any unresponsive trauma patient should be assumed to have: a) an accompanying spinal injury. b) a history of diabetes mellitus. c) a severe intracranial hemorrhage. d) internal bleeding in the abdomen.

an accompanying spinal injury.

Common causes of depression in the elderly include all of the following, EXCEPT:

an acute onset of dementia.

Injuries to the external male genitalia _______.

are rarely life-threatening

Patients who have experienced even minor-appearing head injuries should be suspected of having a brain injury, especially if they:

are taking blood-thinning medications.

In general, injected poisons are impossible to dilute or remove because they:

are usually absorbed quickly into the body.

With regard to musculoskeletal injuries, the zone of injury is defined as the:

area of soft-tissue damage surrounding the injury.

The smaller vessels that carry blood away from the heart and connect the arteries to the capillaries are called the:

arterioles.

In moving joints, the ends of the bones are covered with:

articular cartilage

A young male sustained a gunshot wound to the abdomen during an altercation. As your partner is assessing and managing his airway, you should control the obvious bleeding and then:

assess for an exit wound.

A general impression of the patient is formed by an EMT:

at a distance when the patient is first seen.

Left untreated, _____ can lead to premature birth or low birth weight in pregnant women.

bacterial vaginosis D) vaginal bleeding

A 60-year-old man is found to be unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic. You should:

begin CPR until an AED is available.

A young male is unresponsive after overdosing on an opioid. He is not breathing and his pulse is weak. The EMT should immediately:

begin chest compressions.

The onset of menstruation usually occurs in women who are:

between 11 and 16 years of age.

Smooth muscle is found in the

blood vessels

You are off duty at a park when you witness an apparently healthy 12-year-old child suddenly collapse. There are no bystanders around and your mobile phone is in your car. After confirming that the child is in cardiac arrest, you should:

call 9-1-1 and then return to begin CPR on the child.

In contrast to hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia

can only be corrected in the hospital setting

leukotrienes

chemical substances that contribute to anaphylaxis; released by the immune system in allergic reactions

Children with N. meningitides would MOST likely present with:

cherry-red spots or a purplish rash.

A 30-year-old female presents with redness, inflammation, and pain to her left eye. During your assessment, you note that she is having difficulty keeping her eyes open. You should suspect that she is experiencing: a) acute retinitis. b) a detached retina. c) conjunctivitis. d) a corneal abrasion.

conjunctivitis.

which of the following signs is not a function of the sympathetic nervous system

construction of blood vessels in the muscles

The purpose of a jump kit is to:

contain anything that you might need during the first 5 minutes of patient care.

A 40-year-old male was in his woodworking shop when he felt a sudden, sharp pain in his left eye. Your assessment reveals a small splinter of wood embedded in his cornea. You should

cover both of his eyes and transport to the hospital

When treating a patient with an evisceration, you should:

cover the protruding contents with moist, sterile gauze compresses.

ischemic heart disease is defined as

decreased blood flow to one or more portions of the myocardium.

Signs and symptoms associated with hip dislocation include all of the following EXCEPT:

decreased resistance to any movement of the joint

The MOST significant hazard associated with splinting is:

delaying transport of a critically injured patient.

A 49-year-old male presents with confusion, sweating, and visual hallucinations. The patient's wife tells you that he is a heavy drinker and she thinks he had a seizure shortly before your arrival. This patient is MOST likely experiencing:

delirium tremens.

When administered to a patient, a metered-dose inhaler will:

deliver the same dose each time it is administered

What is the middle stage of labor?

delivery of the fetus

The third stage of labor begins with the birth of the newborn and ends with the:

delivery of the placenta

during what phase should you inform dispatch of your arrival at the hospital?

delivery phase

the killing of pathogenic agents by directly applying a chemical made for that purpose to a surface or equipment

disinfection

The disruption of a joint in which the bone ends are no longer in contact is called a

dislocation

A Colles fracture involves a fracture of the:

distal radius.

After the fetus has descended into the pelvis at the end of the third trimester, many mothers experience:

easier breathing.

Fractures are almost always associated with ____ of the surrounding soft tissue

ecchymosis

Signs and symptoms of a dislocated joint include all of the following, EXCEPT:

ecchymosis.

Which condition should you suspect if a woman who has missed her menstrual cycle reports sudden, severe, usually unilateral pain in the lower abdomen?

ectopic pregnancy

You should consider the possibility of a ____ in women who have missed a menstrual cycle and complain of a sudden stabbing and usually unilateral pain in the lower abdomen.

ectopic pregnancy

The common word root cubitus means ________

elbow

Turnout gear does not protect you from _______

electrical shock

A 6-year-old male presents with acute respiratory distress. His mother states that she saw him put a small toy into his mouth shortly before the episode began. The child is conscious, obviously frightened, and is coughing forcefully. You should:

encourage him to cough, give oxygen as tolerated, and transport.

Your conscious patient has a mild partial airway obstruction. You should:

encourage the patient to cough.

Immediately following ovulation, the ______ begins to thicken in preparation for the potential implantation of a fertilized egg

endometrium

The EMT certification exam is designed to

ensure that EMTs are competent and have the same level of knowledge and skills

The "E" of the GEMS diamond stands for:

environmental assessment.

Which of the following head injuries would cause the patient's condition to deteriorate MOST rapidly? A. cerebral contusion B. subdural hematoma C. cerebral concussion D. epidural hematoma

epidural hematoma

Patients who are know to have anaphylaxis often carry kits with an intramuscular injector or auto-injector containing ________________.

epinephrine

A 30-year-old male presents with acute shortness of breath, widespread hives, and facial swelling. He denies any past medical history and takes no medications. During your assessment, you hear wheezing over all the lung fields. His blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg and his heart rate is 110 beats/min. In addition to giving him high-flow oxygen, the MOST important treatment for this patient is:

epinephrine.

The hormone responsible for the actions of the sympathetic nervous system is: A. insulin. B. thyroxine. C. epinephrine. D. aldosterone.

epinephrine.

A(n) __________ fracture occurs in the growth section of a child's bone and may lead to bone growth abnormalities.

epiphyseal

It is common for young females who experience their first menstrual period to:

experience abdominal cramping, which may be misinterpreted.

The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is used to assess: A. mental status, eye opening, and respiratory rate. B. sensory response, pupil reaction, and heart rate. C. verbal response, eye opening, and mental status. D. eye opening, verbal response, and motor response.

eye opening, verbal response, and motor response.

signs and symptoms of insect stings or bites include ecchymosis

false

when using the EpiPen auto-injector you should put ice over the injection

false

A patient rescinds consent during transport and demands to be let out of the ambulance. If you refuse, you could be accused of

false imprisonment

Ketone production is the result of:

fat metabolization when glucose is unavailable.

When assessing the heart rate of a 6-month-old infant, you should palpate the brachial or ________ pulse.

femoral

which of the following is NOT considered a potential cause of a developmental disability?

folic acid deficiency

A 39-year-old male sustained a large laceration to his leg during an accident with a chainsaw and is experiencing signs and symptoms of shock. You should first:

follow appropriate standard precautions.

Your _____ is the best tool to gain the patient's confidence to seek medical help.

follow your system's refusal of treatment policy and respect the patient's wishes without judgment.

what are the five general allergen categories

food, medication, plants, chemicals, insect bites and stings

An obstetric kit contains all of the following, EXCEPT

forceps

For which injury may patients report numbness in the hand because of nervous or circulatory compromise?

fracture of the humerus

Whenever possible, a female sexual assault victim should be:

given the option of being treated by a female EMT.

The MOST effective way of preventing the spread of disease is:

hand washing

Distraction injuries of the spine are MOST commonly the result of: A. falls. B. diving. C. hangings. D. compression.

hangings.

A service dog is easily identified by its:

harness

According to the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma (ACS-COT), an adult trauma patient should be transported to the highest level of trauma center if he or she:

has a GCS score of less than or equal to 13 with a mechanism attributed to trauma.

Hepatitis B is more virulent than hepatitis C, which means that it:

has a greater ability to produce disease.

Immediate transport is indicated for a child when he or she:

has a history compatible with a serious illness.

When a woman presents with abdominal pain or other vague symptoms, the EMT is often unable to determine the nature of the problem until he or she:

has gathered patient history information.\If a woman with vaginal bleeding reports syncope, the EMT should assume that she:\is in shock.

The skin and underlying tissues of the face: a) swell minimally when exposed to blunt trauma. b) have a rich blood supply and bleed profusely. c) contain a relatively small number of nerve fibers. d) are well protected by the maxillae and mandible.

have a rich blood supply and bleed profusely.

Patients with autism:

have extreme difficulty with complex tasks that may require many steps

Patients with autism:

have extreme difficulty with complex tasks that require many steps.

To minimize distractions and confusion when assessing an older patient, you should:

have only one EMT speak to the patient at a time.

If you are unable to persuade the patient to proceed with treatment you should:

have the patient sign a refusal form

Which of the following should you NOT do when treating a patient who has a cold emergency?

have the patient walk, if possible. SHOULD: - remove any wet clothing - move the patient from the cold environment - give the patient warm, humidified oxygen

Common safety equipment carried on the ambulance includes all of the following, EXCEPT:

hazardous materials gear

the killing of pathogenic agents by using potent means of disinfection

high-level disinfection

The signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction are caused by the release of

histamines and leukotrienes

Peritonitis usually occurs when:

hollow abdominal organs are damaged and spill their contents into the peritoneal cavity.

your ability to recognize and manage the many signs and symptoms of allergic reactions may be the only thing standing between a patient and

imminent death

Signs of a sudden severe upper airway obstruction include all of the following, EXCEPT:

inability to speak.

Signs and symptoms of a severe allergic reaction

include difficulty breathing, urticaria (hives) over large parts of the body, and signs of shock (eg, tachycardia, hypotension)

which of the following is NOT a sign and symptom of anaphylactic shock

increase blood pressure symptoms are: urticaria wheezing and dyspnea cyanosis

Improperly applying a splint can cause all of the following, EXCEPT:

increase of distal circulation if the splint is too tight

During your primary assessment of a semiconscious 30-year-old female with closed head trauma, you note that she has slow, shallow breathing and a slow, bounding pulse. As your partner maintains manual in-line stabilization of her head, you should: A. perform a focused secondary assessment of the patient's head and neck. B. instruct him to assist her ventilations while you perform a rapid assessment. C. apply 100% oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask and obtain baseline vital signs. D. immediately place her on a long backboard and prepare for rapid transport.

instruct him to assist her ventilations while you perform a rapid assessment.

The amniotic fluid serves to:

insulate and protect the fetus

The amniotic fluid serves to:

insulate and protect the fetus.

Which of the following is NOT a factor used in the determination of negligence?

intent FACTORS THAT ARE USED: - duty - causation - breach of duty

The poison control center will be able to provide you with the most information regarding the appropriate treatment for a patient with a drug overdose if the center:

is aware of the substance that is involved.

In contrast to type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes:

is caused by resistance to insulin at the cellular level.

A simple pneumothorax:

is commonly caused by blunt chest trauma.

In contrast to the parietal peritoneum, the visceral peritoneum:

is supplied by nerves of the autonomic nervous system, which are less able to localize pain or sensation.

The cricoid cartilage: a) is easier to see and palpate than the thyroid cartilage. b) lies superior to the thyroid cartilage in the neck. c) is the only complete circular cartilage of the trachea. d) lies superior to the cricothyroid membrane in the neck.

is the only complete circular cartilage of the trachea.

A nuchal cord is defined as an umbilical cord that:

is wrapped around the baby's neck.

In pediatric patients, the liver and spleen are _______.

larger in proportion to the abdomen

Approximately 25% of severe injuries to the aorta occur during:

lateral collisions.

Injury to a hollow abdominal organ would MOST likely result in:

leakage of contents into the abdominal cavity.Functions of the liver include://secretion of bile and filtration of toxic substances.

Defamation is the communication of false information that damages the reputation of a person. When defamation is in writing, it is also known as

libel

Most patients with abdominal pain prefer to:

lie on their side with their knees drawn into the abdomen.

The knee is especially susceptible to ____ injuries, which occur when abnormal bending or twisting forces are applied to the joint.

ligament

Because of local tenderness and swelling, it is easy to confuse a nondisplaced or minimally displaced fracture at the knee with a:

ligament injury

Because of local tenderness and swelling, it is easy to confuse a nondisplaced or minimally displaced fracture of the knee with a:

ligament injury

Bones are connected to other bones by bands of tough fibrous tissues called:

ligaments

The largest organ in the abdomen is the:

liver.

The onset of hypoglycemia can occur within:

minutes.

Which of the following conditions show symptoms of headache, loss of appetite, difficulty sleeping, shortness of breath during physical exertion, and a swollen face?

mountain sickness

What is the MOST obvious way to decrease heat loss from radiation and convection?

move the patient out of a cold environment

While rescuer one is finishing his or her fifth cycle of 30 compressions, rescuer two should:

move to the opposite side of the patient's chest.

anaphylaxis is not always life threatening but it typically involves

multiple organ systems

The _____ only require(s) a minimal blood supply when at rest.

muscles

angina pectoris occurs when

myocardial oxygen demand exceeds the supply

What would a 25-year-old, relatively healthy patient who received a bite from a black widow spider most likely receive as treatment?

pain relief

When is the administration of epinephrine relatively a contraindicated?

patients with a history of cardiac problems

Your patient complains of chronic "burning" stomach pain that improves after eating. You should suspect:

peptic ulcer disease.

The ________ nerves control the diaphragm.

phrenic

Poor maintenance of home, poor personal care, and dietary neglect are all possible indicators of ____________ elder abuse.

physical

The two basic categories of diagnosis that a physician will use for behavioral crises or psychiatric emergencies are ____________.

physical and psychological

Crepitus and false motion are:

positive indicators of a fracture

Crepitus and false motion are:

positive indicators of a fracture.

Common interventions used to stimulate spontaneous respirations in the newborn include all of the following, EXCEPT:

positive-pressure ventilations

A 45-year-old female was the unrestrained passenger of a small car that rear-ended another vehicle at a moderate rate of speed. She is conscious and alert, but complains of pain to both of her knees. There is visible damage to the dashboard on the passenger's side of the vehicle. In addition to fractures or dislocations of the knees, you should be MOST suspicious for:

posterior hip dislocation.

The purpose of a ventricular peritoneum shunt is to:

prevent excess CSF from accumulating in the brain

Which of the following is a typical function of the rescue team?

providing safe entry and access to patients

There are two types of sexual harassment in the workplace. What are they?

quid pro quo (sexual favor in exchange for something else) hostile work environment (jokes, touching, leering, request for dates, talking about body parts)

which of the following is NOT a risk factor associated with the implantation of a LVAD?

renal failure

Most AEDs are set up to adjust the voltage based on the impedance, which is the:

resistance of the body to the flow of electricity.

You and your partner are both male and are attending to a 28-year-old female patient complaining of diffuse abdominal pain. The patient is 34 weeks pregnant with her first child. The patient refuses to allow you to examine her, and her husband informs you that their culture does not allow males to examine or care for pregnant women. You should:

respect the patient's wishes, ensure that the appropriate documentation is completed, and transport the patient.

The optic nerve endings are located within the: a) cornea. b) pupil. c) sclera. d) retina.

retina.

When working at the scene of a motor vehicle crash at night, you should NOT use:

road flares

when caring for a pt with a previous head injury, watch the pt for:

signs of anziety

Common associated conditions in patients with spina bifida include all of the following, EXCEPT:

spastic limb movement (YES: extreme latex allergy, hydrocephalus, loss of bladder control)

An important aspect in the assessment of a patient who experienced a previous brain injury involves:

speaking with the pt and family to establish what is considered normal for the pt

The spinal cord is encased in and protected by the: A. spinal canal. B. vertebral body. C. vertebral arch. D. intervertebral disc.

spinal canal.

Solid abdominal organs include the:

spleen, kidneys, and pancreas

the six pointed star emblem that identifies vehicles that meet federal specifications as licensed or certified ambulances

star of life

When determining the frequency of contractions, you should time the contractions from the:

start of one to the start of the next.

a process such as the use of heat that removes microbial contamination

sterilization

A 30-year-old female was robbed and assaulted as she was leaving a nightclub. She has massive facial trauma and slow, gurgling respirations. As your partner manually stabilizes her head, you should

suction her oropharynx for 15 seconds

A 30-year-old female was robbed and assaulted by a gang as she was leaving a nightclub. She has massive facial trauma and slow, gurgling respirations. As your partner manually stabilizes her head, you should: a) apply oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask. b) begin immediate ventilatory assistance. c) visualize her mouth for obvious wounds. d) suction her oropharynx for 15 seconds.

suction her oropharynx for 15 seconds.

Common signs and symptoms of acute hyperventilation syndrome include:

tachypnea and tingling in the extremities.

You are triaging patients at the scene of a multiple-vehicle crash when you encounter a young male who is unresponsive and is not breathing. After you open his airway, he begins to breathe at a rapid rate. According to the START triage system, you should

tag him as immediate (red), place him in the recovery position, and move to the next patient

When the mother is experiencing a contraction, you should instruct her to:

take quick short breaths

Airway management can be challenging in patients with Down syndrome because their:

teeth are misaligned and they have a large tongue.

Skeletal muscle is attached to the bone by tough, ropelike, fibrous structures called:

tendons

Skeletal muscle is attached to the bone by tough, ropelike, fibrous structures called:

tendons.

When faced with a stressful situation such as a mass-casualty scene, a house fire, trauma to infants and children, or abuse, the EMT is strongly advise not to tell the patient what?

that everything will be all right

The presence of meconium in the amniotic fluid indicates:

that the baby's airway may be obstructed.

The conduct of an EMT is judged in the light of all of the following, EXCEPT

the EMT's level of training

The second stage of labor begins when the cervix is fully dilated and ends when:

the infant is born

A dissecting aortic aneurysm occurs when:

the inner layers of the aorta become separated.

Elevation of the rib cage during inhalation occurs when:

the intercostal muscles contract.

When you are performing a scene assessment at an incident involving SIDS, you should focus your attention on all of the following, EXCEPT:

the temperature of the room.

Which of the following symptoms would NOT characterize preeclampsia?

tinnitus

A person who routinely misuses a substance and requires increasing amounts to achieve the same effect is experiencing:

tolerance.

Acute pulmonary edema would MOST likely develop as the result of:

toxic chemical inhalation. /Which of the following statements regarding anaphylaxis is correct? // Anaphylaxis is characterized by airway swelling and hypotension.

The act of pulling on a body structure in the direction of its normal alignment is called:

traction

The act of pulling on a body structure in the direction of its normal alignment is called:

traction.

According to the Association of Air Medical Services, you should consider air medical transport of a trauma patient if:

traffic conditions hamper the ability to get the patient to a trauma center by ground within the ideal time frame for the best clinical outcome.

The small, rounded, fleshy bulge immediately anterior to the ear canal is called the: a) incus. b) pinna. c) stapes. d) tragus.

tragus.

wheezing is a high-pitched breath sound usually resulting from blockage of the airway and is heard on expiration

true

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) typically does NOT affect the:

urinary bladder.

If the victim of a toxicologic emergency vomits, an EMT should _________.

use appropriate personal protective equipment and examine the vomitus for pill fragments or other clues for patient care.

How many major bones comprise the face?

6

What is pronounced as its own word?

An Acronym

When discussing where a injury is located or how pain radiates in the body, the correct ________ term must be used.

Directional

Why might EMTs encounter a larger proportion of violent patients than the population at large?

EMTs respond to patients who, by definition, are having an emergency.

____ is heralded by the onset of convulsions, or seizures, resulting from severe hypertension in the pregnant woman

Eclampsia

_____ is heralded by the onset of convulsions, or seizures, resulting from severe hypertension in the pregnant woman

Eclampsia

Which of the following is NOT a common exposure when dealing with pediatric burns?

Electrocution from poor wiring

Define entrapment.

Entrapment is a conditiion in whcih a person is caught wihtin a closed area with no way out or has a body part trapped.

You are treating a patient who was climbing a 10,000 ft mountain when he began to experience a severe, constant, throbbing headache; ataxia; and extreme fatigue. He is nauseated and as you assess him, he loses consciousness. Which of the following should you expect?

HACE

_____ produce severe damage to the skeleton, surrounding soft tissues, and vital internal organs.

High-energy injuries

A 75-year-old woman complains of shortness of breath. Which of the following findings should alert the EMT to the possibility of a pulmonary embolism?

History of deep venous thrombosis

Which of the following is NOT a common cause of altered mental status in pediatric patients?

Hypertension

Lasix is administered to treat which of the following conditions?

Hypertension or heart failure

You have been dispatched to the home of a 52-year-old woman with severe flank pain. Which of the following would be an appropriate question to ask regarding the pain?

Is the pain constant or intermittent?

all the following are signs and symptoms of Becks triad except:

LOW AFTER LOAD becks triad = muffled heart sounds narrowing pulse pressure jugular vein distention

Ischemia

Lack of blood supply

Your priority in caring for a patient with a surface contact poisoning is to:

avoid contaminating yourself.

What type of drum is used for storage or corrosive such acids, base or oxidizer? A) Steel B) Polyethylene C) Cardboard D) Nickel

b) Polyethylene

When ventilating a pediatric patient with a bag-valve mask, the EMT should:

block the pop-off valve if needed to achieve adequate chest rise.

Alkalosis is a condition that occurs when:

blood acidity is reduced by excessive breathing.

Bone marrow produces:

blood cells

The bones in the skeleton produce ____ in the bone marrow.

blood cells

Bone marrow produces:

blood cells.

Which of these normal changes during pregnancy protect against excessive bleeding during delivery?

blood clotting factors change

Cerebral palsy is a condition that results from damage or injury to the:

brain.

A 50-year-old male was splashed in the eyes with radiator fluid when he was working on his car. During your assessment, he tells you that he wears soft contact lenses. You should: a) leave the contact lenses in place and flush his eyes with sterile water. b) remove the contact lenses and cover his eyes with a dry, sterile dressing. c) carefully remove the contact lenses and then irrigate his eyes with saline. d) leave the contact lenses in place and cover both eyes with a dry dressing.

carefully remove the contact lenses and then irrigate his eyes with saline.

Clouding of the lenses of the eyes is called:

cataracts.

Hyperthermia differs from fever in that it is an increase in body temperature:

caused by the inability of the body to cool itself.

The venom of a brown recluse spider is cytotoxic, meaning that it:

causes severe local tissue damage.

Which of the following statements regarding a "dirty bomb" is correct?

dirty bombs could injure victims with both radioactive material and the explosive material used to deliver it

Each ovary produces an ovum in alternating months and releases it into the:

fallopian tube.

these are specialized vehicles used to transport EMS equipment and personnel to the scenes of medical emergencies

first-responder vehicles

Major risk factors for AMI include all of the following, EXCEPT:

hypoglycemia

The hip bone is also called the:

innominate bone

Which of the following BEST describes the definition of scope of practice?

outlines the care you are legally able to provide for a patient

Potentially life-threatening consequences of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) include

ovarian abscess and ectopic pregnancy

A disposable oxygen humidifier should be considered for ambulance services that often transport patients for _____hour(s) or more.

1

when suctioning a tracheostomy tube, be sure not to suction for longer than:

10 seconds

After delivery, if the infant does not begin breathing after ____ seconds, you should begin resuscitation efforts

10-15

Heat exhaustion

A heat emergency in which a significant amount of fluid and electrolyte loss occurs because of heavy sweating; also called heat prostration or heat collapse

Which of the following is considered an organic brain syndrome?

Alzheimer dementia

Causes of delirium in the older patient include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Alzheimer disease.

Which of the following is characteristic of peptic ulcer disease (PUD)?

Burning or pain in the stomach that subsides immediately after eating

How do poisons typically act to harm the body?

By changing the normal metabolism of cells or by destroying them

What prefix means same?

Ipsi-

Which of the following statements regarding autism is correct?

Most cases of autism are diagnosed by 3 years of age.

Kussmaul respirations are an indication that the body is:

attempting to eliminate acids from the blood.

The study of ethics related to issues that arise in health care is called

bioethics

The vagina and the neck of the uterus comprise the:

birth canal

When assessing the pulse of an unresponsive infant, you should palpate the ________ artery.

brachial

The term shock is MOST accurately defined as:

cardiovascular collapse leading to inadequate perfusion

cerebral palsy is associated with all of the following conditions EXCEPT:

cardiovascular complications

Common signs and symptoms of a sprain include all of the following, EXCEPT:

deformity.

Which of the following medications can stimulate children?

diphenhydramine

Always check neurovascular function at the following times EXCEPT:

during history taking

wheezing occurs because of excessive WHAT and mucus are secreted into the bronchial passages

fluid

Complications associated with chest compressions include all of the following, EXCEPT:

gastric distention.

Painful urination associated with burning and a yellowish discharge is associated with:

gonorrhea.

If hydroplaning of the ambulance occurs, the driver should:

gradually slow down without jamming on the brakes.

Blood in the urine is known as:

hematuria

Abdominal pain, vomiting, and fever are most likely due to _______.

infection

The superficial temporal artery can be palpated: a) over the mastoid process. b) slightly above the ear. c) just anterior to the tragus. d) at the angle of the jaw.

just anterior to the tragus.

Blood glucose levels are measured in:

milligrams

Which of the following statements regarding autism is correct?

most cases are diagnosed before 3 y.a.

Failure of the EMT to provide the same care as another EMT with the same training is called

negligence

A drop in blood pressure with a change in position is referred to as:

orthostatic hypotension

What is the name of a generalized bone disease that weakens bones and is common among postmenopausal women?

osteoporosis

When administering oxygen to a frightened child, it would be MOST appropriate to:

place oxygen tubing through a hole in a paper cup.

When assessing a patient who experienced a blast injury, it is important to remember that:

primary blast injuries are the most easily overlooked.

Fetal complications associated with drug- or alcohol-addicted mothers include all of the following, EXCEPT:

profound tachycardia.

CPR will NOT be effective if the patient is:

prone.

Which of the following statements regarding patients with developmental disabilities is correct?

pts w/ developmental disabilities are susceptible to the same disease processes as other pts

A 50-year-old male was stung by a honeybee approximately 15 minutes ago. He presents with respiratory distress, facial swelling, and hypotension. After placing him on oxygen and administering his epinephrine via auto-injector, you note that his breathing has improved. Additionally, his facial swelling is resolving and his blood pressure is stable. Your next action should be to

record the time and dose of the injection and transport promptly

Early bruising following abdominal trauma often manifests as:

red areas of skin.

The purpose of splinting a fracture is to

reduce swelling in adjacent soft tissues

In contrast to an automated implanted cardioverter/defibrillator, an internal cardiac pacemaker:

regulate the pt's heart rate if it falls below a preset value

Extrication is MOST accurately defined as:

removal from a dangerous situation or position

A patient who cannot remember the events that preceded his or her head injury is experiencing: A. retrograde amnesia. B. anterograde amnesia. C. perigrade amnesia. D. posttraumatic amnesia.

retrograde amnesia.

When assessing a patient with a head injury, you note the presence of thin, bloody fluid draining from his right ear. This indicates: a) significant pressure and bleeding in between the skull and dura mater. b) rupture of the tympanic membrane following diffuse impact to the head. c) fractures to the internal structures of the ear following direct trauma. d) a linear skull fracture and a significant increase in intracranial pressure.

rupture of the tympanic membrane following diffuse impact to the head.

Dyspnea is MOST accurately defined as:

shortness of breath or difficulty breathing.

signs and symptoms of insect stings and bites include

sudden pain, swelling, localized heat, widespread urticarial and redness in light skinned people usually at the site of injury

Signs and symptoms of meningitis in the infant or child include all of the following, EXCEPT:

sunken fontanelles.

The severity of bleeding should be based on all of the following findings, EXCEPT:

systolic blood pressure.

When explaining the need for a particular procedure to an elderly patient, you should:

use plain language and simple terms.

When there is a death at the scene, of the many positive statements, the EMT can say ____________

would you like to talk about how or what you are feeling?

90. The pediatric patient should be removed from his or her car seat and secured to an appropriate spinal immobilization device if: A. the car seat is visibly damaged. B. he or she has no visible injuries. C. his or her vital signs are stable. D. he or she even has a minor injury.

Answer: A Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1189

99. Death caused by shaken baby syndrome is usually the result of: A. bleeding in the brain. B. multiple open fractures. C. intra-abdominal hemorrhage. D. fracture of the cervical spine.

Answer: A Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1195

22. Which of the following statements regarding penetrating injuries is correct? A. External bleeding may be minimal but internal injuries can be extensive. B. The degree of internal injury can often be estimated by the external injury. C. It is important to distinguish between entrance and exit wounds in the field. D. The depth of a penetrating injury should be thoroughly assessed by the EMT.

Answer: A Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 810

34. In addition to severe bleeding, the MOST life-threatening complication associated with an open neck injury is: A. an air embolism. B. a spinal fracture. C. an ischemic stroke. D. nerve fiber damage.

Answer: A Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 821

38. Burns are classified according to: A. depth and extent. B. location and pain. C. degree and location. D. extent and location.

Answer: A Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 823

39. Which of the following is a severe burn in a 35-year-old patient? A. circumferential partial-thickness burn to the chest B. full-thickness burn to 5% of the body surface area (BSA) C. partial-thickness burn to 20% of the BSA D. superficial burn covering 50% of the BSA

Answer: A Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 823

48. According to the rule of palm method for estimating the extent of a patient's burns, the palm of the patient's hand is equal to _____ of his or her total BSA. A. 1% B. 2% C. 4% D. 6%

Answer: A Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 825

57. Which of the following statements regarding electrical burns is correct? A. Entrance wounds are small relative to the amount of internal tissue damage. B. Respiratory or cardiac arrest following an electrical burn is very uncommon. C. The exit wound caused by electrical burns is smaller than the entrance wound. D. The size of the entry and exit wounds is a reliable indicator of internal damage.

Answer: A Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 827

61. Functions of dressings and bandages include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. immobilization of the injury. B. prevention of contamination. C. protection from further injury. D. control of external hemorrhage.

Answer: A Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 836

26. As you approach a young male who was involved in an industrial accident, you note that his eyes are closed and that he is not moving. You can see several large contusions to his arms, a laceration to his forehead with minimal bleeding, and a closed deformity to his right leg. You should: A. open his airway and assess his breathing status. B. perform an immediate head-to-toe assessment. C. assess his pulse for rate, regularity, and quality. D. apply high-flow oxygen and assess his injuries.

Answer: A Question Type: Critical Thinking Page: 817

13. Which of the following statements regarding crush syndrome is correct? A. With crush syndrome, massive blood vessel damage occurs following severe soft-tissue injuries, such as amputation of an extremity. B. Compromised arterial blood flow leads to crush syndrome and can occur when an area of the body is trapped for longer than 4 hours. C. Tissue damage that occurs in crush syndrome is severe, but kidney injury is unlikely because toxins are quickly eliminated from the body. D. Provided that a patient with a crush injury is freed from entrapment within 6 hours, the amount of tissue damaged is generally minimal.

Answer: B Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 808

70. A 2-year-old female has experienced a seizure. When you arrive at the scene, the child is conscious, crying, and clinging to her mother. Her skin is hot and moist. The mother tells you that the seizure lasted approximately 5 minutes. She further tells you that her daughter has no history of seizures, but has had a recent ear infection. You should: A. allow the mother to drive her daughter to the hospital. B. attempt cooling measures, offer oxygen, and transport. C. place the child in cold water to attempt to reduce her fever. D. suspect that the child has meningitis and transport at once.

Answer: B Question Type: Critical Thinking Page: 1182

76. A 4-year-old female ingested an unknown quantity of liquid drain cleaner. Your assessment reveals that she is conscious and alert, is breathing adequately, and has skin burns around her mouth. You should: A. place her supine and elevate her legs. B. monitor her airway and give oxygen. C. determine why the ingestion occurred. D. give 12.5 to 25 g of activated charcoal.

Answer: B Question Type: Critical Thinking Page: 1184

29. An abdominal evisceration: A. is most commonly the result of blunt force trauma. B. should be covered with bulky dry, sterile dressings. C. often causes severe hypothermia because of heat loss. D. occurs when organs protrude through an open wound.

Answer: D Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 819

41. Which of the following is of LEAST importance when initially assessing the severity of a burn? A. area(s) burned B. age of the patient C. past medical history D. known drug allergies

Answer: D Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 823

47. Burns to pediatric patients are generally considered more serious than burns to adults because: A. pediatric patients are more prone to hyperthermia. B. most burns in children are the result of child abuse. C. pediatric patients have a proportionately larger volume of blood. D. pediatric patients have more surface area relative to total body mass.

Answer: D Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 825

60. When treating a partial-thickness burn, you should: A. immerse the affected part in warm water. B. rupture any blisters to prevent an infection. C. cover the burn with a moist, sterile dressing. D. avoid the use of creams, lotions, or antiseptics.

Answer: D Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 836

An epidural hematoma is MOST accurately defined as: A. bleeding between the skull and dura mater. B. bleeding between the dura mater and brain. C. venous lacerations that occur within the brain. D. an injury caused by a damaged cerebral artery.

bleeding between the skull and dura mater.

these are areas of the road that are blocked from your view by your vehicle or mirrors

blind spots

An alert patient presents with a regular pattern of inhalation and exhalation and breath sounds that are clear and equal on both sides of the chest. These findings are consistent with: A. an obstructed airway. B. adequate air exchange. C. respiratory difficulty. D. respiratory insufficiency.

B. adequate air exchange.

You are assessing a 30-year-old woman with a heat-related emergency. Her skin is flushed, hot, and moist, and her level of consciousness is decreased. After moving her to a cool environment, managing her airway, and administering oxygen, you should

check the blood glucose level if the patient has altered mental status

Supracondylar or intercondylar fractures are common in which population?

children

The EMT should assess for hypoglycemia in small children with a severe illness or injury because:

children cannot store excess glucose as effectively as adults.

Your patient complains of abdominal pain that occurs mostly at night or after eating fatty foods. You should suspect ____________.

cholecystitis

A 13-year-old child is on a home ventilator. The parents called because the ventilator is malfunctioning and the child has increasing respiratory distress. You should:

disconnect the ventilator and apply a tracheostomy collar

Documentation serves all of the following purposes?

communicating the patients story guaranteeing proper transfer of responsibility demonstrating that the level of care delivered was appropriate

Which of the following statements regarding interaction with the caregiver of a child or adult with special health care needs is correct?

communication with the pt's caregiver or family members is important because they are most familiar with the pt's conditions

Any time there is a suspected injury to the larynx, you should suspect possible

cervical spine injury

The five sections of the spinal column, in descending order, are the: A. thoracic, cervical, lumbar, coccygeal, and sacral. B. cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal. C. coccygeal, sacral, lumbar, thoracic, and cervical. D. cervical, coccygeal, thoracic, sacral, and lumbar.

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal.

The impedance threshold device (ITD) may improve circulation during active compression-decompression CPR by:

limiting the amount of air that enters the lungs during the recoil phase between chest compressions, which results in negative intrathoracic pressure and improved cardiac filling.

Which of the following skull fractures would be the LEAST likely to present with palpable deformity or other outward signs? A. linear B. basilar C. open D. compressed

linear

all of the following are diseases or conditions that are associated with pts receiving hospice EXCEPT:

pneumonia

Sedentary behavior while healing from a hip fracture would MOST likely predispose the older patient to:

pneumonia.

A _____ results when an injury allows air to enter through a hole in the chest wall or the surface of the lung as the patient attempts to breathe, causing the lung on that side to collapse.

pneumothorax

In order to avoid exacerbating a patient's injury, it is especially important to use extreme caution when providing positive-pressure ventilation to patients with a:

pneumothorax.

which of the following is not a common sign or symptom associated with malfunction of an implanted cardiac pacemaker

rapid heart rate

signs of hypoperfusion

rapid pulse rate, pale, cool, cyanotic or red, moist skin and delayed capillary refill

When assessing an unresponsive diabetic patient, the primary visible difference between hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia is the:

rate and depth of breathing.

A 20-year-old male collided with another player during a hockey game and complains of severe pain to the left shoulder. Assessment reveals that the clavicle is bulging anteriorly at the shoulder. The EMT should suspect:

separation of the acromioclavicular joint

A 20-year-old male collided with another player during a hockey game and complains of severe pain to the left shoulder. Assessment reveals that the clavicle is bulging anteriorly at the shoulder. The EMT should suspect:

separation of the acromioclavicular joint.

Which muscles originate from the mastoid process of the cranium and insert into the medial border of each collarbone and the sternum at the base of the neck?

sternocleidomastoid

Which of the following is NOT considered an example of sexual harassment? offensive conversations, suggestive jokes, request for sexual favors

these are all examples of sexual harassment - offensive conversations, suggestive jokes, request for sexual favors

which of the following statements is FALSE regarding pts with autism?

they will talk with normal tone and speech patterns

Upon arriving at the scene of a major motor vehicle crash at night, you find that the safest place to park your ambulance is in a direction that is facing oncoming traffic. You should:

turn your headlights off.

the main area in which an EMT operates is called what?

- the primary service area (PSA)

An infant with a total blood volume of 800 mL would start showing signs of shock when as little as ______ of blood is lost.

100 mL

A patient with a core body temperature of 95°F (35°C) will MOST likely experience:

Rapid breathing

Homeostasis

A balance of all the systems of the body

Hypothermia

A condition in which the body core temperature falls below 95°F or 35°C after exposure to a cold environment

Hyperthermia

A condition in which the body core temperature rises to 101°F or 38.3°C or more

To which of the following diabetic patients should you administer oral glucose?

A confused 55-year-old male with tachycardia and pallor

You are assessing a conscious 55-year-old male with a sudden change in behavior. Which of the following clinical findings would be MOST suggestive of dysfunction of this patient's central nervous system?

Rapid eye movement

Decompression sickness

A painful condition in divers who ascend too quickly, and which gas, especially nitrogen, forms bubbles in blood vessels and other tissues

92. When a child experiences a blunt injury to the abdomen: A. he or she can compensate for blood loss better than adults. B. his or her blood pressure falls with as little as 5% blood loss. C. your assessment will most often reveal bruising to the abdomen. D. delayed capillary refill indicates a state of decompensated shock.

Answer: A Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1192

True or False. Federal law requires EMS orkers wear an approved highly reflective traffic safety vest when work on roadways, around traffic, or at an accident scene.

TRUE

6. All of the following body structures are lined with mucous membranes, EXCEPT for the: A. lips. B. nose. C. anus. D. mouth.

Answer: A Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 806

When faced with a situation in which an older patient with a terminal illness is in cardiac arrest, but written documentation regarding the patient's wishes cannot be located, the EMT should:

attempt to resuscitate the patient.

If suctioning of the tracheostomy tube is necessary, the EMT should:

attempt to use the pt's suction device first because it is probably already sized correctly

If you could only take two pieces of equipment with you to a patient's side, in addiction to the jump kit, you should choose the

AED and portable suction unit

Which of the following conditions or situations would MOST likely make excited delirium worse?

Alcohol withdrawal

What occurs in the Termination Phase phase of Extrication?

All equipment used on scene must be check before reloading into vehicle. Units return to service.

42. An infant or child with respiratory distress will attempt to keep his or her alveoli expanded at the end of inhalation by: A. grunting. B. wheezing. C. assuming a tripod position. D. retracting the intercostal muscles.

Answer: A Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1168

44. A viral infection that may cause obstruction of the upper airway in a child is called: A. croup. B. asthma. C. bronchitis. D. epiglottitis.

Answer: A Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1169

46. Signs of an upper airway obstruction in an infant or child include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. wheezing. B. a weak cough. C. a cough that resembles the bark of a seal. D. stridorous breathing.

Answer: A Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1170

54. Which of the following statements regarding the use of nasopharyngeal airways in children is correct? A. They are rarely used in infants younger than 1 year. B. It is the recommended adjunct for children with head trauma. C. They are usually not well tolerated in children with a gag reflex. D. Blanching of the nares after insertion indicates correct placement.

Answer: A Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1175

84. Submersion injuries in the adolescent age group are MOST commonly associated with: A. alcohol. B. child abuse. C. hyperthermia. D. swimming pools.

Answer: A Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1186

Signs of severe dehydration in an infant include all of the following, EXCEPT:

bulging fontanelles.

Everyone exhibits some signs and symptoms of mental illness at some point in life ____________.

but that does not mean a person is mentally ill

51. A 21-year-old male was working in an auto repair shop and sustained radiator burns to the anterior aspect of both arms and to his anterior chest. According to the rule of nines, this patient has burns that cover _____ of his BSA. A. 18% B. 27% C. 36% D. 45%

Answer: A Question Type: Critical Thinking Page: 825

When assessing a patient with a medical complaint, which of the following would MOST likely reveal the cause of the problem?

Medical history / It is especially important to assess pulse, sensation, and movement in all extremities as well as pupillary reactions in patients with a suspected ___________ problem. // neurologic

The diving reflex may allow a person to survive extended periods of submersion in cold water secondary to:

Bradycardia and a slowing of the metabolic rate

What is the term that encompasses the fire coral, sea wasp, and sea anemones?

coelenterates

Lacerations to the scalp: A. bleed minimally because the scalp has few vessels. B. uncommonly cause hypovolemic shock in children. C. may be an indicator of deeper, more serious injuries. D. are most commonly associated with skull fractures.

may be an indicator of deeper, more serious injuries.

Talking about an elderly patient in front of him or her to other members of the family:

may cause the patient to think that he or she has no say in making decisions.

Placing a pregnant patient in a supine position during the third trimester of pregnancy:

may decrease the amount of blood that returns to the heart.

When assessing mechanism of injury (MOI) in a motorvehicle accident, where should you look when it is safe to do so?

Check under deployed airbags when it is safe to do so.

AAOS Text does not provide training for First Responder Awareness, but it is required for EMTs. Where can you get the skills and training necessary?

Check with your local agency for information about specific awareness training.

Which of the following techniques should you use to dislodge a foreign body airway obstruction in a patient who is in an advanced stage of pregnancy or who is very obese?

Chest thrusts

Which of the following statements regarding pediatric trauma is correct?

Children are more likely to experience diving-related injuries.

_______ commonly produces symptoms about 30 minutes after a particularly fatty meal and usually at night.

Cholecystitis

Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of a chest injury?

Clear and equal breath sounds

Febrile seizures in a child:

may indicate a serious underlying illness.

When a patient experiences a severe spinal injury, he or she

may lose sensation below the level of the injury

You are transporting a woman who is 8 months pregnant. To prevent supine hypotensive syndrome, you should put a blanket under which side of the backboard?

the right side

What is the MOST common cause of airway obstruction in an unconscious patient?

the tongue

Whether you are using a commercial device or a stick and triangular bandage as a tourniquet, it is important to remember that:

the tourniquet should only be removed at the hospital because bleeding may return if the tourniquet is released.

Which of the following should you do when your patient has bilateral fractures of the humerus, femur, or tibia?

use your long backboard as a splinting device

Which of the following statements regarding depression is true? Select one: A. Treatment typically involves medication, because counseling typically does not work. B. Older adults in skilled nursing facilities are less likely to develop depression. C. It generally does not interfere with ability to function in the elderly. D. It is diagnosed three times more commonly in women than in men.

D. It is diagnosed three times more commonly in women than in men.

When controlling bleeding from a scalp laceration with a suspected underlying skull fracture, you should: a) elevate the patient's head and apply an ice pack. b) avoid excessive pressure when applying the bandage. c) apply firm compression for no longer than 5 minutes. d) apply manual pressure and avoid applying a bandage.

avoid excessive pressure when applying the bandage.

You are assessing a 440-lb man who complains of shortness of breath and lower back pain. The patient is conscious and alert, his blood pressure is 148/98 mm Hg, and his heart rate is 120 beats/min. Your MOST immediate action should be to:

avoid placing him in a supine position if possible and administer O2

Which of the following would be the MOST practical method of communicating with a hearing-impaired patient until his or her hearing aids can be located?

using a piece of paper and writing utensil to ask questions

Which of the following statements regarding the cranium is correct? A. The skull is a subdivision of the cranium. B. Thirty percent of the cranium is occupied by blood. C. The cranium protects the structures of the face. D. Eighty percent of the cranium is occupied by brain tissue.

Eighty percent of the cranium is occupied by brain tissue.

Which of the following statements regarding severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is correct? A.Multiple bacteria have been identified as being the cause of SARS. B. SARS is most commonly transmitted by direct contact with blood. C. The onset of SARS is typically marked by acute, severe pneumonia. D. SARS is a viral infection that often begins with flulike symptoms.

D. SARS is a viral infection that often begins with flulike symptoms.

when requesting medical direction for a patient who was involved in a major car accident, the EMT should AVOID:

using radio codes to describe the situation

The signs and symptoms of poisoning in children:

vary widely, depending on the child's age and weight.

An 84-year-old male fell a week ago and has been bedridden since then. Today, he presents with an altered mental status. His skin is pale and cold and his respirations are rapid and shallow. The EMT should suspect: Select one: A. acute hyperglycemia. B. hypovolemic shock. C. a subdural hematoma. D. a systemic infection.

D. a systemic infection.

When assessing for fluid collection in the lungs during auscultation of lung sounds, you should: A. note the presence of a high-pitched whistling sound, which is an indicator of fluid in the lungs. B. pay special attention to the exhalation phase since this is when you will likely hear rales or rhonchi. C. auscultate the posterior chest first and compare the apex of one lung to the base of the opposite lung. D. start at the lower lung fields and determine at which level you start hearing clear breath sounds.

D. start at the lower lung fields and determine at which level you start hearing clear breath sounds.

Common signs and symptoms of acute hyperventilation syndrome include: A. altered mental status and bradycardia. B. unilateral paralysis and slurred speech. C. anxiety, dizziness, and severe bradypnea. D. tachypnea and tingling in the extremities.

D. tachypnea and tingling in the extremities.

If the EMT does not have time to fill out the full PCR, some EMS systems allow for a shorter form called

Drop report

In which of the following environmental emergencies are you most likely to encounter laryngospasm?

Drowning

during what phase should you inform dispatch whether you are in service and where you are going?

En route to the station phase

Geriatric patients, newborns, and infants are especially prone to hyperthermia because they:

Exhibit poor thermoregulation

External bleeding from a vein is relatively easy to control because

veins are under a lower pressure

The Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG) is a great resource for identification of ________________

Four Digit United Nations number on Diamond Placards

Which of the following is NOT a basic rule of water rescue?

If you must swim to the person, turn around so your back is to them BASIC RULES: - if you cannot reach the person from shore, wade closer - if an object that floats is available, throw it to the person - use a boat if one is available

What information does the Red diamond provide?

Information about Fire Hazards

What information does the Blue diamond provide?

Information about Health Hazards

What information does the Yellow diamond provide?

Information about Reactivity Hazards

What information does the White diamond provide?

Information about Special Hazards

Which of the following statements regarding striated muscle is correct?

It forms the major muscle mass of the body and usually crosses at least one joint.

Which of the following statements regarding the vitreous humor is correct? a) It is a clear fluid that is produced by the lacrimal glands and cannot be replaced if it is lost. b) It is a clear, watery fluid that cannot be replaced if it is lost during an eye injury. c) It is a clear, jellylike fluid near the back of the eye that cannot be replaced if it is lost. d) It is a clear, watery fluid that is located in front of the lens and can be replaced if it is lost.

It is a clear, jellylike fluid near the back of the eye that cannot be replaced if it is lost.

Which of the following assessment findings is MOST indicative of a cardiovascular problem?

Jugular venous distention

A young female presents with costovertebral angle tenderness. She is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. Which of the following organs is MOST likely causing her pain?

Kidney

Which of the following statements regarding drowning is correct?

Laryngospasm following submersion in water makes rescue breathing difficult.

Breath holding syncope

Loss of consciousness caused by decreased breathing stimulus

Primatene Mist, Bronitin Mist, and Bronkaid Mist are all examples of:

MDI's

What is the management of pulmonary agents?

Manage airway, administer oxygen, and support ventilation.

What are signs and symptoms of pulmonary agents?

Mild Exposure will lead to nausea, tightness in chest severe cough, dyspnea on exertion. Severe exposure may present with dyspnea at rest and excessive pulmonary edema. The patient will eventually cough up white or pink-tinged fluid.

What does Minor mean in Triage and what is the color of their tag?

Minor patients are third priority, require little to no treatment from EMS. Referred to as the walking wounded. They are Green Tagged.

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

Most people with a mental illness are dangerous.

What is the Cold Zone?

Most treatments are performed in the Cold Zone. Typically EMS providers remain in the cold zone.

Which of the following statements regarding twins is correct?

Most twins are born within 45 minutes of each other.

A frostbitten foot can be identified by the presence of:

Mottling and blisters

You and your partner are standing by at a large social event at a river resort when a frantic woman tells you that she found a young male floating face-down in the water. Nobody claims to have witnessed the event. After you and your partner enter the water and reach the patient, you should:

Move him as a unit to a supine position

You are dispatched to a local high school track and field event for a 16-year-old male who fainted. The outside temperature is approximately 95°F (35°C) with high humidity. Upon your arrival, the patient is conscious, alert, and complains of nausea and a headache. His skin is cool, clammy, and pale. You should

Move him into the cooled ambulance

Using the START Triage Method - When assessing a non-ambulatory patient, the patient is breathing between 10 to 30 breaths per minute, what do you do?

Move to the next step of the assessment which is Hemodynamic status or Perfusion status.

Name four Chemical Agents.

Nerve, Vesicants, Pulmonary, Cyanide

Which of the following is NOT a pertinent negative to note during your assessment of a patient with chest trauma?

No heart murmurs

Should you attempt to move a downed power line?

No!

As an EMT are you responsible for rescue?

No, but you will assist with extrication.

The tip of a central venous catheter rests in the:

vena cava

What are Quaternary Blast Injuries?

Other injuries caused by blast such as toxic inhalation of combustion gases, burns, injuries sustained fleeing the scene or even mental health disorders developed long after the blast.

A 66-year-old woman experienced a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. She has a history of type 2 diabetes and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). On the basis of her medical history, which of the following should the EMT suspect?

Pulmonary embolism

Patient complaints of pain during intercourse, lower abdominal discomfort, and nausea may be indicative of which of the following?

Pelvic inflammatory disease

What is the first step of START Triage?

Performed upon arrival on scene "If you can hear my voice and are able to walk...." Direct patients to easily identifiable central location. Those who are able to follow the command and move to central location are triaged as Minor (Green Tag) or "Walking Wounded"

Rough handling of a hypothermic patient with a pulse may cause

ventricular fibrillation

Your assessment of a 23-year-old female reveals a core body temperature of 93.4°F (34°C). She is conscious, answers your questions appropriately, is shivering, and complains of nausea. Her skin is cold and pale, her muscles appear rigid, and her respirations are rapid. You should:

Place heat packs in her groin, axillae, and behind her neck; cover her with warm blankets and avoid rough handling

You suspect the patient you are treating was bitten by a rattlesnake. What do you do first?

Place the patient in a supine position

Which of the following occurs after tissues are injured?

Platelets collect at the injury site

What occurs in the Arrival and Scene Size-Up phase of Extrication?

Position vehicle in safe location. Access the Scene for hazards, # patients. Perform a 360 degree walk-around if safe to do so.

Sudden death following AMI is MOST often caused by:

ventricular fibrillation

What are the four components of NIMS?

Preparedness, Communications and Information, Command and Management, Resource Management

CPR is in progress on a pregnant woman. Shortly after manually displacing her uterus to the left, return of spontaneous circulation occurs. Which of the following would MOST likely explain this?

Pressure was relieved from her aorta and vena cava, which improved chest compression effectiveness.

Suffixes usually indicate a ________, condition, disease, or part of speech

Procedure

Drowning

Process of experiencing respiratory impairment from submersion or immersion in liquid

If a medication error does occur, you should (in this order)

Provide patient care, then notify medical control, then document.

Which of the following terms applies to a state of delusion in which the patient is out of touch with reality?

Psychosis

What are pulmonary agents?

Pulmonary agents are gases that cause immediate harm to people exposed to them.

Who does START Triage not work effectively for? Whats the alternative?

START Triage will not work well for children. Ages 0-8years or less than 100lb. Instead use JumpSTART, which is similar to START, but adapted for the physiological differences in children.

What are the signs and symptoms of nerve agent exposure? Use the mnemonic SLUDGEM

Salivation, seizures Lacrimation Urine Defecation Gastric upset Emesis Miosis (Pupillary contraction)

What occurs in the Support Operations phase of Extrication?

Scene lighting, helicopter landing zones, staging areas.

Which of the following conditions would MOST likely be encountered in a patient with cerebral palsy?

Seizure disorder

Which word BEST describes the position a patient is in when he/she is semi-reclining with his/her head elevated?

Semi-Fowler

____________ is not considered an emotional aspect of emergency care?

Setting up a triage station during a natural disaster

_____ is inadequate tissue perfusion.

Shock

What is the onset time for Vesicants and management?

Signs and Symptoms may be delayed - starting 4-6 hours after exposure. The best thing to do is to irrigate with copious amounts of water ASAP

Which of the following types of muscle is under direct voluntary control of the brain?

Skeletal

Which of the following organs can tolerate inadequate perfusion for 2 to 3 hours?

Skeletal muscle

Which of the following joints allows no motion?

Skull sutures

Which of the following is NOT a basic type of splint?

Sling

Based on the meaning of the prefix "brady" and the suffix "pnea", bradypnea means ________ _______

Slow breathing

Urticaria

Small areas of generalized itching and/or burning that appear as multiple raised areas on the skin; hives

When a ________ begins with a consonant, a combining vowel is used between the word root and suffix to make pronunciation easier

Suffix

What is the second step to START Triage?

Targeted at non-walking patients. Begin with accessing Respiratory status, Hemodynamic status, and Neurologic Status.

Which of the following statements regarding a basilar skull fracture is correct? A. Bloody CSF commonly leaks from the nose. B. In most cases, mastoid bruising occurs. C. The absence of raccoon eyes or Battle's sign does not rule it out. D. They are typically the result of local, low-energy trauma to the head.

The absence of raccoon eyes or Battle's sign does not rule it out.

Which of the following is NOT a reason for delivery of the fetus at the scene?

The amniotic sac has ruptured

Core temperature

The temperature of the central part of the body

Ambient temperature

The temperature of the surrounding environment

When should you provide details such as mandated reporting of situations involving elder or child abuse?

verbal report at the hospital

Which of the following body systems or components is the LEAST critical for supplying and maintaining adequate blood flow to the body?

The filtering of blood cells in the spleen

What is the Hot Zone?

The hotzone is the contaminated area. Entry into the Hot Zone requires proper PPE. Regardless of patient condition, those without proper training and PPE are not permitted in the Hot Zone. Patient care does NOT occur in the Hot Zone

Which of the following statements regarding the acute abdomen is correct?

The initial pain associated with an acute abdomen tends to be vague and poorly localized.

What are Primary Blast Injuries?

The injuries caused directly by blast wave. Almost exclusively affect hollow organs.

Convection

The loss of body heat caused by air movement

Conduction

The loss of heat by direct contact when a body part comes into contact (with cold object)

Radiation

The transfer of heat to colder objects in the environment by radiant energy; for example heat gained from the fire

What is the purpose of the Incident Command System (ICS)?

To ensure responder and public safety, achieve incident management goals, and ensure the efficient use of resources.

Victims of inhaled poisoning will require which of the following?

Transport to an emergency department for evaluation

JumpSTART: If Pediatric patient has breathing rates less than 15 and over 45, what do you do?

Triage as Immediate (Red Tag) and move to next patient.

START Triage - You found that they can follow simple commands. What is the next step?

Triage patient as Delayed (Yellow tag) and move to next patient.

Using the START Triage Method - When assessing a non-ambulatory patient, the patient is breathing above 30 breaths per min or below 10 breaths per minute, what do you do?

Triage patient as Immediate (Red Tag) and move to the next patient.

Rough handling a patient with severe hypothermia may cause which of the following dysrhythmias?

Ventricular fibrillation

What are Vesicants?

Vesicants are blister agents. They cause pain, burns, blisters to exposed skim eyes and respiratory tract.

Which of the following signs or symptoms would MOST likely cause the EMT to mistake a head injury for an abdominal injury in a child?

Vomiting

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the care of a patient with cerebral palsy?

Walkers or wheelchairs should not be taken in the ambulance.

Which of the following signs or symptoms would the EMT MOST likely encounter in a patient with new-onset type 1 diabetes?

Weight loss and polyuria

You are attending to a 32-year-old male patient. The patient's wife tells you that he returned from Afghanistan last year. While he initially seemed fine, lately he has become withdrawn and distanced himself from his family and friends. He does not talk about it, but she knows that he has been having terrible nightmares that wake him up. The most appropriate question to ask regarding his experience in Afghanistan is:

Were you shot at or under fire?

Scene Size up should be driven by three questions. What are these three questions?

What do I have? What resources do I need? What do I need to do?

When questioning the parent of a child who ingested a poisonous substance, which of the following questions would be of LEAST pertinence initially?

Why did your child ingest the poison?

Which of the following questions would be LEAST pertinent during the initial questioning of a patient who ingested a substance?

Why was the substance ingested?

Is there an antidote for Cyanide?

Yes, but it must be administered quickly by ALS personnel.

Should you commence CPR on a patient with hypothermia who has no pulse?

Yes, there is evidence that CPR, when correctly done, will increase blood flow to critical parts of the body

What is the management for Nerve Agent exposure?

You will treat aggressively once the patient is decontaminated. Chances of survival are increased with airway and ventilatory support. There will also need to be administration of nerve agent antidote.

what should an EMT ensure that she has when using cellular and satellite systems?

a reference of commonly called numbers

In HazMat Operations, what is your role as an EMT?

Your role as an EMT is to report to a designated area outside of the hot and warm zones and provide triage, treatment, transport, or rehabilitation when Hazmat team members bring patients to you.

What is your first priority in a WMD incident?

Your safety!

Characteristic anatomic features of Down syndrome include:

a round head with a flat occiput

A flail chest occurs when:

a segment of the chest wall is detached from the thoracic cage.

Abnormal variations in pupil size and reaction would MOST likely be observed in a patient with: a) conjunctivitis. b) a brain injury. c) retinitis. d) contact lenses.

a brain injury.

During the natural process of aging, the number of functional cilia in the respiratory system decreases, resulting in:

a decreased ability to cough.

Which of the following statements regarding a decreased level of consciousness in the elderly patient is correct?

a decreased level of consciousness if not a normal part of the aging process

The MOST reliable sign of a head injury is: A. a pulse that is rapid and thready. B. a decreased level of consciousness. C. an abnormally low blood pressure. D. decreased sensation in the extremities.

a decreased level of consciousness.

A patient who is complaining of seeing flashing lights, specks, or "floaters" in his or her field of vision has MOST likely experienced: a) conjunctivitis. b) acute hyphema. c) a blowout fracture. d) a detached retina.

a detached retina.

Which of the following elements should NOT be included in the patients report to the hospital?

a diagonsis of the patients chief complaint should have: a brief history of the patients current problem the patietns age and gender you unit ID and level of services

stridor

a harsh high-pitched respiratory sound generally heard during inspiration that is caused by partial blockage or narrowing of the upper airway may be audible without a stethoscope

You should suspect shock if the patient has any of the following conditions, EXCEPT

a head injury will suspect if: anaphylaxis a severe infection multiple severe fractures

A 75-year-old male with type 1 diabetes presents with chest pain and a general feeling of weakness. He tells you that he took his insulin today and ate a regular meal approximately 2 hours ago. You should treat this patient as though he is experiencing:

a heart attack.

As many as 40% of patients with Down syndrome have

a heart condition

In situations involving electrical hazards, you should always wear which type of helmet?

a helmet with a chin strap and face shield

You should suspect a kidney injury anytime the patient presents with _______.

a hematoma in the flank region

wheezing

a high-pitched whistling breath sound that is most prominent on expiration and which suggests an obstruction or narrowing of the lower airways; occurs in asthma and bronchiolitis

An infectious disease is MOST accurately defined as:

a medical condition caused by the growth and spread of small, harmful organisms within the body.

Epinephrine

a substance produced by the body (commonly called adrenaline) and a drug produced by pharmaceutical companies that increases pulse rate and blood pressure; the drug of choice for an anaphylactic reaction

An 84-year-old male fell a week ago and has been bedridden since then. Today, he presents with an altered mental status. His skin is pale and cold and his respirations are rapid and shallow. The EMT should suspect:

a systemic infection.

An advance directive is

a written document that specifies the care you should provide if the patient is unable to make decisions

Because of the U.S. Supreme Court's opinion on the matter, which of the following instances may not have to be reported?

an injury resulting from a drug overdose

Normally, the pupils in both eyes are equal in size. What is the word for pupils that are not equal in size?

anisocoria

Dislocation of the ___ is usually associated with fracture of one or both malleoli

ankle

Pupillary response in pediatric patients may be abnormal in the presence of all of the following, EXCEPT:

anxiety.

Between each chest compression, you should __________.

allow full chest recoil

An area of swelling or enlargement in a weakened arterial wall is called

an aneurysm

Under what circumstances is a left ventricular assist device used?

as a bridge to heart transplantation while a donor heart is being located

In which of the following situations would the EMT find himself or herself in court being sued by a plaintiff seeking a monetary judgment?

as a defendant in a civil lawsuit

EMTs need to recognize that concepts of _________ and _________ are greatly affected by culture

body language ; eye contact

Which of the following is NOT a component of the Apgar score?

body size

An organ or tissue may be better able to resist damage from hypoperfusion if the:

body's temperature is considerably less than 98.6°F (37.0°C).

The MOST ominous sign of impending cardiopulmonary arrest in infants and children is

bradycardia

The _________ is the best-protected part of the CNS and controls the functions of the cardiac and respiratory systems. A. brain stem B. cerebellum C. spinal cord D. cerebral cortex

brain stem

A fracture is MOST accurately defined as a(n):

break in the continuity of the bone.

The ONLY indications for placing your gloved fingers in the vagina during delivery are:

breech presentation and prolapsed umbilical cord.

Which of the following findings would be LEAST suggestive of a head injury? a) failure of the eyes to move in the same direction b) briskly constricting pupils when exposed to light c) one pupil larger in size than the other pupil d) failure of the eyes to follow movement of an object

briskly constricting pupils when exposed to light

His parents tell you that their son has had a chest infection for the past two days and when they took him to their family doctor, they were told it was likely due to the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). They have kept him well hydrated, but the infection seems to have gotten worse. On auscultation, you hear decreased air entry bilaterally with fine expiratory wheezes and the occasional coarse wet crackle. Based on this information, your patient is most likely suffering from:

bronchiolitis.

Signs of a mandibular fracture include all the following, EXCEPT

bruising over the mastoid bone

Which of the following statements regarding cerebral palsy is correct?

conditions such as brain injury at birth, postpartum infections, and fetal hypoxia can cause cerebral palsy

When a warm hand touches metal or ice, the heat transfer is called

conduction

Two thirds of children born with Down Syndrome have:

congenital heart disease

All information recorded on the PCR must be

considered confidential

When assessing a conscious patient with an MOI that suggests spinal injury, you should: A. determine if the strength in all extremities is equal. B. rule out a spinal injury if the patient denies neck pain. C. defer spinal immobilization if the patient is ambulatory. D. ask the patient to move his or her head to assess for pain.

determine if the strength in all extremities is equal.

One of the responses of a critically ill patient that usually takes longer to develop than the time spent interacting with EMS is ____________

dependency

When assessing a 78-year-old female who complains of shortness of breath, the EMT should:

determine the position in which the patient normally sleeps.

When inserting an oropharyngeal airway in an infant or child, you should:

depress the tongue with a tongue depressor.

Proper procedure for administering oral glucose to a patient includes all of the following, EXCEPT:

ensuring the absence of a gag reflex.

Basic life support (BLS) is defined as:

noninvasive emergency care that is used to treat conditions such as airway obstruction, respiratory arrest, and cardiac arrest.

What is the general rule about the numbering for Diamond placards in terms of their level of danger?

(0-4) The greater the number, the higher the danger.

which level of EMS provider has very basic training and provides care before the ambulance arrives?

- an emergency medical responder

The Apgar score should be calculated at ____ minutes after birth

1 and 5

From a mental health standpoint, an abnormal or disturbing pattern of behavior is a matter of concern if it lasts for at least:

1 month.

The usual dose of activated charcoal is:

1 to 2 g/kg of body weight

According to the rule of palm method for estimating the extent of a patient's burns, the palm of the patient's hand is equal to _____ of his or her total BSA.

1%

(In a HazMat situation) What are the EMT's Top Two Priorities?

1) Personal Safety 2) Patient care in Safe Zone

There is often a significant amount of blood loss, as much as 500 to _____ mL, after a fracture of the shaft of the femur.

1,000

What is the minimum number of chest compressions that should be delivered per minute to a 4-month-old infant?

100

Heat emergencies commonly occur at athletic events and practices. If the patient is in a cold-water immersion bath upon your arrival, do NOT remove the patient unless the temperature has normalized to between

101ºF and 102ºF

DNR orders with expiration dates must be dated within the preceding _____ to be valid.

12 months

At what age does an infant have the ability to generate heat when needed?

12 to 18 months

Approximately ______ of deliveries are complicated by the presence of meconium in the amniotic fluid

12-16%

After squeezing the end of a child's finger or toe for a few seconds, blood should return to the area within:

2 seconds.

When assisting ventilations in a newborn with a bag-valve mask, the rate is _____ breaths/min.

40 to 60

In situations where assisted ventilation is required, you should use a newborn BVM and ventilate with high flow oxygen at a rate of ____ breaths/min

40-60

A portable oxygen cylinder should have a minimum capacity of_____

500 L

How much fluid does the amniotic sac contain?

500 to 1,000 mL

A child may begin to show signs of separation anxiety as early as:

6 months.

Compartment syndrome usually appears within ______ hours after injury.

6 to 9

Capillary refill time is MOST reliable as an indicator of end-organ perfusion in children younger than:

6 years.

In a cold emergency, if you cannot feel a radial pulse, gently palpate for a carotid pulse and wait for up to _____ before you decide whether the patient is pulseless

60 seconds

EMS facilities should have adequate resources to be fully self sufficient for at least how many hours?

72 hours.

During the coldest month of the winter, you are called to the home of an elderly woman. When you arrive, you immediately note that the house is extremely cold. The patient is lethargic. Her blood pressure is 90/60 mm Hg, her pulse is 48 beats/min, and her respirations are 8 breaths/min and shallow. Suspecting hypothermia, what would you estimate her core body temperature to be?

89ºF to 92ºF

Which of the following destinations is most appropriate for a 41-year-old male patient who was involved in a rollover motor vehicle collision and is unconscious and unresponsive, assuming that travel times to each is equal?

A Level I or Level II trauma center

Which of the following statements regarding cervical collars is correct? A. Once a cervical collar is applied, you can cease manual head stabilization. B. A cervical collar is used in addition to, not instead of, manual immobilization. C. Cervical collars are contraindicated in patients with numbness to the extremities. D. The patient's head should be forced into a neutral position to apply a cervical collar.

A cervical collar is used in addition to, not instead of, manual immobilization.

Prefixes can be used to describe:

A location A direction A position

Antivenin

A serum that counteracts the effect of venom from an animal or insect

"Federal Law requires EMT's to receive what level of training in relation to Hazardous Materials? A) First Responder Awareness Training B) First Responder Operations Training C) Hazardous Materials Technician Training D) Hazardous Materials Specialist Training"

A) First Responder Awareness Training

Which of the following statements regarding the hypoxic drive is MOST correct? A. The hypoxic drive stimulates a person to breathe on the basis of low oxygen levels. B. Chronic carbon dioxide elimination often results in activation of the hypoxic drive. C. The hypoxic drive serves as the primary stimulus for breathing in healthy individuals. D. 100% supplemental oxygen will always cause apnea in patients with a hypoxic drive.

A. The hypoxic drive stimulates a person to breathe on the basis of low oxygen levels.

Hyperventilation could be associated with all of the following, EXCEPT: A. a narcotic overdose. B. a respiratory infection. C. an overdose of aspirin. D. high blood glucose levels.

A. a narcotic overdose.

In what area of the lungs does respiration occur? A. alveoli B. trachea C. bronchi D. capillaries

A. alveoli

3. The germinal layer of the epidermis contains pigment granules that are responsible for skin: A. color. B. texture. C. moisture. D. temperature.

A. color

A claim of abandonment can be filed against an EMT if he or she fails to do which of the following when dropping off the patient at the hospital?

All of these answers are correct - report any changes in patient status - report the care provided to the patient - report the assessment findings

Which of the information obtained during an EMT's interaction with a patient is considered confidential?

All of these answers are correct. - assessment findings - the patient's history - treatment provided

A 57-year-old man fell down the stairs at his home and was badly injured. You arrive on the scene, the man allows you to conduct a brief assessment, and then he insists that he is okay and does not need treatment. Before leaving, what should you do?

All of these answers are correct. - advise the patient to contact his physician as soon as possible - ask the patient to sign a refusal of treatment form - encourage treatment again and remind him to call 9-1-1 if he changes his mind

Which of the following statements regarding the physical examination of a patient with a behavioral problem is correct?

Although the physical exam can be difficult, the patient's emotional state may be determined by noting facial expressions, pulse rate, and respirations.

What occurs in the Control of Hazards phase of Extrication?

Ambulance needs to remain outside of the Danger Zone. Set up and enforce the Danger Zone and keep bystanders/family members outside of this zone. In this step you should disconnect both battery cables - negative side first. Try to place the vehicle in Park and turn ignition off.

Which of the following children would benefit the LEAST from a nonrebreathing mask?

An unresponsive 5-year-old male with shallow respirations

98. Bruising to the _________ is LEAST suggestive of child abuse. A. shins B. back C. face D. buttocks

Answer: A Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1195

Which of the following conditions or factors would be the LEAST likely to result in a change in behavior?

Antihypertensive medications

When a psychiatric emergency arises, a patient is most likely to exhibit which of the following behaviors?

Any behaviors that are a violent threat to the patient, EMTs, or others

Dysbarism injuries

Any signs and symptoms caused by the difference between the surrounding atmospheric pressure and the total gas pressure and various tissues, fluids, and cavities of the body

During your visual inspection of a 25-year-old woman in labor, you see the baby's head crowning at the vaginal opening. What should you do?

Apply gentle pressure to the baby's head as it delivers.

While auscultating an elderly woman's breath sounds, you hear low-pitched "rattling" sounds at the bases of both of her lungs. This finding is MOST consistent with which of the following conditions?

Aspiration pneumonia

2. What layer of the skin forms a watertight, protective seal for the body? A. dermis B. epidermis C. muscular layer D. subcutaneous layer

B. Epidermis

Which of the following observations or statements represents the "E" in the GEMS diamond? Select one: A. Elderly patients present atypically and deserve your respect. B. The patient's residence is cold due to a malfunctioning heater. C. A patient is assisted with his or her activities of daily living. D. The patient's medications have not been filled in 2 months.

B. The patient's residence is cold due to a malfunctioning heater

When auscultating the lungs of a patient with respiratory distress, you hear adventitious sounds. This means that the patient has: A. normal breath sounds. B. abnormal breath sounds. C. diminished breath sounds. D. an absence of breath sounds.

B. abnormal breath sounds.

Clouding of the lenses of the eyes is called: Select one: A. retinitis. B. cataracts. C. glaucoma. D. conjunctivitis.

B. cataracts.

____________ is what you can see of a person's response to the environment.

Behavior

Which is a dense slow moving radiation that can only travel a few feet and penetrates the first few millimeters of skin? What is dangerous about it?

Beta - Patient can be internally contaminated through ingestion or inhalation.

The mnemonic B-NICE helps with remembering the different kind of weapons of mass destruction. What does is stand for?

Biological Nuclear Incendiary Chemical Explosive

You are assessing a 33-year-old male who complains of severe abdominal pain, weakness, and nausea. He tells you that he was gathering wood to build a fire when he felt a sudden, sharp pain on the back of his hand. Your assessment reveals that the patient's abdomen is rigid and painful to palpation. You should suspect:

Black widow spider bite

According to the CDC what is the most common cause of death from a blast injury?

Blast Lung

Which of the following conditions is the diabetic patient at an increased risk of developing?

Blindness

A 5-year-old child has had severe vomiting and diarrhea for 4 days. Which of the following assessment findings would be the MOST indicative of decompensated shock?

Blood pressure of 70/40 mm Hg

Which of the following is NOT a component of the Apgar score?

Body size

who regulates the ambulances and checks them every 6 months?

CHP

What is the first sign of heat stroke?

Change in behavior

According to the "E" in the DOPE mnemonic, which of the following actions should you perform to troubleshoot inadequate ventilation in a patient with a tracheostomy tube?

Check the mechanical ventilator for malfunction.

Which of the following conditions would MOST likely lead to pelvic inflammatory disease if left untreated?

Chlamydia\In contrast to bleeding caused by external trauma to the vagina, bleeding caused by conditions such as polyps or cancer:\may be relatively painless.

Some situations may present unusual hazards and require specialized personnel. If you are dispatched to a special rescue situation, what should you do? a) Stage in a safe location b) Report it the Incident Commander (IC) upon arrival c) Away further instructions from IC d) All of the above"

D) All of the above

A specific legal document that directs relatives and caregivers regarding the medical treatment that may be given to patients who cannot speak for themselves is called a(n): Select one: A. statute of care. B. power of attorney. C. physician directive. D. advance directive.

D. advance directive.

What does Dead/Dying mean in Triage and what is the color of their tag?

Dead or Dying patients are last priority, refereed to as expectant because of low chance of survival. May include patients with cardiac arrest, respiratory arrest or those with severe head injuries. Treated only when all other patients have been cared for. They are Black Tagged.

Which of the following statements regarding sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is correct?

Death as a result of SIDS can occur at any time of the day or night.

Poor urinary output is a sign and symptom of which type of shock?

Decompensated Shock

What is the management for Radiation exposure?

Decontaminate, Remove patient from source of radiation, upwind, Begin treating ABCs, burns, trauma. Secure in plastic bags body fluids obtained from patient and treat them as potentially radioactive waste.

Based on the meaning of the prefix "nephro" and the suffix "pathy", the word nephropathy means:

Disease of the kidney

Which of the following is generally NOT acceptable when interviewing an older patient?

Do not initiate eye contact, because many geriatric patients might find this disrespectful.

Your paramedic partner administers atropine to a 49-year-old male with bradycardia. Which of the following side effects would you expect the patient to experience?

Dry mucous membranes

Verbal communication skills allow the EMT to do which of the following actions?

Effectively transfer the patients care to the nurses and physicians at the hospital Gather information from the patient and bystanders effectively coordinate with responders who are not present on the scene

Following a stab wound to the left anterior chest, a 25-year-old male presents with a decreased level of consciousness and signs of shock. Which of the following additional assessment findings should increase your index of suspicion for a cardiac tamponade?

Engorged jugular veins

______ occur(s) when there is excess pressure within the portal system and surrounding vessel and may lead to life-threatening bleeding.

Esophageal varices

You receive a call for a domestic dispute. When you arrive at the scene, you find a young male standing on the front porch of his house. You notice that an adjacent window is broken. The patient has a large body, is clenching his fists, and is yelling obscenities at you. Which of the following findings is LEAST predictive of this patient's potential for violence?

His large body size

START Triage - You found that the patient has a radial pulse. What is the next step?

If patient is found to have a radial pulse, move on to the next step of the assessment which is Mental Status

START Triage - What do you do under the assessment for Mental Status?

If the patient is unable to follow simple commands triage as Immediate (Red Tag) and move to next patient.

Which of the following are normal physiologic changes that occur in the mother's respiratory system during pregnancy?

Increased respiratory rate and decreased respiratory reserve

Which of the following statements regarding lightning strikes is correct?

Lightening strikes may cause cardiac dysrhythmias that spontaneously resolve

Which of the following organs would MOST likely bleed profusely if injured?

Liver

Which of the following organs would MOST likely bleed profusely when injured?

Liver

Which of the following clinical presentations is MOST consistent with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?

Lower abdominal pain, fever, general malaise, and foul-smelling vaginal discharge

Which of the following is bacterium resistant to most antibiotics and causes skin abscesses?

MRSA

which type of communication system allows paramedics to transmit a patients electrocardiogram to the hospital from the scene or back of the ambulance

Multiplex

Should you conduct patient care in front of or behind vehicles?

No, this is very dangerous due to spontaneous release from compressed bumpers.

Which of the following statements regarding communications with the elderly is correct?

Older patients have difficulty understanding when they are stressed

What prefix means near, beside, beyond, and apart from?

Para-

Which of the following statements regarding hemophilia is correct?

Patients with hemophilia may bleed spontaneously.

Which of the following musculoskeletal injuries would pose the greatest threat to a patient's life?

Pelvic fracture with hypotension

Which of the following is NOT considered one of the 6 Ps of the musculoskeletal assessment?

Peristalsis

Which of the following is NOT a known risk factor of SIDS?

Putting a baby to sleep on his or her back\Causes of infant death that may be mistaken for SIDS include all of the following, EXCEPT:\hyperglycemia.

What is radiation?

Radiation is energy that is emitted in the form of rays and particles. They can killing living organisms in the body or cause them to mutate leading to birth defects, cancer and other problems.

Which of the following statements regarding rape is correct?

Rape is a legal diagnosis, not a medical diagnosis.

Which of the following does NOT usually contribute to or cause obesity?

Rapid metabolism

A patient with a history of schizophrenia called EMS because he was experiencing abdominal pain. When law enforcement arrived, the patient became violent, necessitating the placement of handcuffs. When you assess the patient, he tells you that killing someone will make his abdominal pain go away. His vital signs are stable. How should you manage this situation?

Request a police officer to accompany you in the ambulance

Which types of motor vehicle collisions present the greatest potential for multiple impacts?

Rotational and rollover

What are some healthy ways that an EMT can relieve stress? Seek help, take time off, rotate your schedule

Seek help, take time off, rotate your schedule

Which of the following is NOT considered a possible effect to the fetus when the mother is a known substance abuser?

Spina bifida

Which of the following helps filter the blood and has no digestive function?

Spleen

Which of the following organs assists in the filtration of blood, serves as a blood reservoir, and produces antibodies?

Spleen

A 59-year-old male with a history of emphysema complains of an acute worsening of his dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain following a forceful cough. Your assessment reveals that he has a barrel-shaped chest, unilaterally diminished breath sounds, and tachycardia. What is the MOST likely cause of this patient's condition?

Spontaneous pneumothorax

What is a secondary device?

Terrorist have been known to plant additional explosives that are set to explode after the initial bomb. A secondary device is intended primarily to injure responders and to secure medial coverage.

Turgor

The ability of the skin to resist deformation; tested by gently pinching skin on the forehead or back of the hand

Which of the following statements is FALSE:

The leading cause of abruptio placenta is an ectopic pregnancy

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

The leading cause of abruptio placenta is an ectopic pregnancy.

Which of the following findings would be the MOST significant when assessing a patient with possible internal bleeding?

The patient takes rivaroxaban (Xeralto).

Which of the following statements regarding the placenta is correct?

The placenta allows oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other products to transfer between the mother and fetus but does not allow blood to mix between the mother and fetus.

Which of the following statements regarding gunshot wounds is correct?

The speed of a bullet has the greatest impact on the injury produced.

Name the type of Ambulance Design: Conventional, truck cab-chassis with a modular ambulance body that can be transferred to a new chassis as needed.

Type I

Name the type of Ambulance Design: Standard van, forward-control integral cab-body ambulance

Type II

Name the type of Ambulance Design: Specialty van cab with a modular ambulance body that is mounted on a cut-away van chassis.

Type III

Which of the following is correct about the secondary assessment for a high-priority patient

You may not have time to complete a secondary assessment.

What is your priority as an EMT?

Your priority is to provide patient care. However, your safety and the safety of your team is paramount and must be addressed before patient care is initiated.

Following blunt trauma to the face, a 21-year-old male complains of a severe headache and decreased ability to move his eyes. This patient's clinical presentation is MOST consistent with: a) a lacerated globe. b) optic vessel compression. c) a blowout fracture. d) a ruptured eyeball.

a blowout fracture.

In cases when patients have a MedicAlert bracelet, the EMS provider can obtain patient history information from ______.

a foundation

The mesentery is:

a membranous fold that attaches the intestines to the walls of the body.

Hyperventilation could be associated with all of the following, EXCEPT:

a narcotic overdose.

Which of the following situations would require the use of a specialized rescue team:

a patient trapped in a cave or a confined space

EMTs must be familiar with the legal requirements that define their obligations to report a variety of special situations to the proper authorities. Which one of the following would NOT be considered a reportable situation?

a patient who admits to you he committed a traffic violation

conductive hearing loss can be caused by:

a perforated eardrum (vs. neurological hearing loss caused by nerve damage)

How would you define ethics?

a philosophy of right and wrong, of moral duties, and of ideal professional behavior

toxin

a poison or harmful substance

what allows for easy mobile communication when away from the ambulance

a portable radio

Spina bifida is a developmental defect in which:

a portion of the spinal cord or meninges protrudes outside of the vertebrae

wheal

a raised, swollen, well-defined area on the skin resulting from an inset bite or allergic reaction

An indicator of an expanding intracranial hematoma or rapidly progressing brain swelling is: A. a rapid deterioration of neurologic signs. B. a progressively lowering blood pressure. C. an acute increase in the patient's pulse rate. D. acute unilateral paralysis following the injury.

a rapid deterioration of neurologic signs.

The term "supraventricular tachycardia" means

a rapid heart rate that originates from above the ventricles

The EMT should be MOST concerned when a child presents with fever and:

a rash.

A pediatric patient involved in a drowning emergency may present with:

abdominal distention.

A patient with pelvic inflammatory disease will typically complain of _________.

abdominal pain associated with menstruation

Blood stasis, changes in the vessel wall, and certain medications affect the:

ability of the blood to effectively clot.

When auscultating the lungs of a patient with respiratory distress, you hear adventitious sounds. This means that the patient has:

abnormal breath sounds.

Trauma is one of the leading causes of which of the following uterine injuries?

abruptio placenta

An infant with severe dehydration would be expected to present with:

absent urine output.

Before using any abbreviations in your own reports, be familiar with _________ in your service area

accepted use

Most treatments provided in the prehospital setting are intended to _________.

address the patient's symptoms

An alert patient presents with a regular pattern of inhalation and exhalation and breath sounds that are clear and equal on both sides of the chest. These findings are consistent with:

adequate air exchange.

A 4-year-old, 15-kg male ingested an unknown quantity of acetaminophen (Tylenol). The child's mother states that she does not know when the ingestion occurred. The child is conscious and alert and in no apparent distress. The EMT should:

administer 15 g of activated charcoal.

A 26-year-old female presents with heavy vaginal bleeding. She is conscious, but restless. Her blood pressure is 84/54 mm Hg, her pulse is 120 beats/min and weak, and her respirations are 22 breaths/min with adequate depth. She tells you that she inserted a tampon about 2 hours ago. You should:

administer high-flow oxygen, place a sterile pad over her vagina, keep her warm, elevate her lower extremities, and transport without delay.

A 59-year-old male presents with sudden-onset severe lower back pain. He is conscious and alert, but very restless and diaphoretic. Your assessment reveals a pulsating mass to the left of his umbilicus

administer oxygen and prepare for immediate transport

While jogging, a 19-year-old male experienced an acute onset of shortness of breath and pleuritic chest pain. He is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. Your assessment reveals that he has diminished breath sounds over the left side of the chest. You should:

administer oxygen and transport to the hospital.

Your primary assessment of an elderly woman reveals that she is conscious and alert, but is experiencing difficulty breathing. She has a history of emphysema, hypertension, and congestive heart failure. As you assess the patient's circulatory status, you should direct your partner to:

administer oxygen with the appropriate device.

When immobilizing a seated patient with a short backboard or vest-style immobilization device, you should apply a cervical collar: A. after the torso has been adequately secured. B. after moving the patient to a long backboard. C. after assessing distal neurovascular functions. D. before manually stabilizing the patient's head.

after assessing distal neurovascular functions.

A normal level of consciousness in an infant or child is characterized by:

age-appropriate behavior, good muscle tone, and good eye contact.

An open pneumothorax occurs when:

air enters the pleural space from outside the body.

According to the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA):

all health care facilities must provide a medical assessment and required treatment, regardless of the patient's ability to pay.

According to the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA):

all health care facilities must provide a medical assessment and required treatment, regardless of the pt's ability to pay

When dealing with critically ill or injured patents, the EMT must do which of the following? allow for hope, avoid sad and grim comments, be honest

all of these - allow for hope, avoid sad and grim comments, be honest

What are some significant indicators of emotional state in a patient who is experiencing a behavioral emergency? facial expressions, sweating, blushing

all of these - facial expressions, sweating, blushing

which of the following is a basic physiologic cause of shock

all the above: poor vessel function low fluid volume pup failure

While caring for a 5 year old boy with respiratory distress, you should:

allow a parent or caregiver to hold the child, if the situation allows

During the attempted resuscitation of an infant with suspected SIDS:

allow the family to observe if they wish.

The purpose of the pediatric assessment triangle (PAT) is to:

allow you to rapidly and visually form a general impression of the child.

this is a specialized vehicle that is used for treating and transporting sick and injured patients who need emergency medical care to a hospital

ambulance

Shortly after ascending rapidly to the surface of the water while holding his breath, a 29-year-old diver begins coughing up pink, frothy sputum and complains of dyspnea and chest pain. You should suspect and treat this patient for

an air embolism

A history of pelvic inflammatory disease or tubal ligations increases a woman's risk for:

an ectopic pregnancy

A history of pelvic inflammatory disease or tubal ligations increases a woman's risk for:

an ectopic pregnancy.

If you choose to intervene while off duty, you must continue to provide competent care until which of the following happens?

an equal or higher medical authority assumes care of the patient

a reaction involving the entire body is called

anaphylaxis

A 62-year-old man with a history of congestive heart failure presents with severe respiratory distress and with an oxygen saturation of 82%. When you auscultate his lungs, you hear widespread rales. He is conscious and alert, is able to follow simple commands, and can only speak in two- to three-word sentences at a time. You should:

apply a CPAP device, monitor his blood pressure, and observe him for signs of improvement or deterioration.

You are dispatched to a convenience store, where the clerk sustained a laceration to the side of his neck during a robbery attempt. During your assessment, you note bright red blood spurting from the laceration. You should: a) circumferentially wrap a dressing around his neck. b) apply direct pressure above and below the wound. c) apply pressure to the closest arterial pressure point. d) apply direct pressure below the lacerated vessel.

apply direct pressure above and below the wound.

A young female was involved in a motor vehicle crash. She complains of pain to her left eye, which appears to have a piece of glass impaled in it. Further assessment reveals a large laceration to her left forearm with active venous bleeding. As your partner manually stabilizes the patient's head, you should: a) apply direct pressure to her arm wound. b) carefully remove the glass from her eye. c) administer 100% supplemental oxygen. d) stabilize the impaled glass in her eye.

apply direct pressure to her arm wound.

A 54-year-old male experienced an avulsion to his penis when his foreskin got caught in the zipper of his pants. He was able to unzip his pants and remove the foreskin prior to your arrival. Your assessment reveals that he is in severe pain and that the avulsion is bleeding moderately. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes:

applying direct pressure with a dry, sterile dressing.

If you arrive at a scene and you see a diamond-shape placard on a transport vehicle, what should you NOT do?

approach the driver side of the vehicle and offer help

A short backboard or vest-style immobilization device is indicated for patients who: A. are found supine and have stable vital signs. B. are in a sitting position and are clinically stable. C. require prompt extrication from an automobile. D. are sitting in their car and are clinically unstable.

are in a sitting position and are clinically stable.

In moving joints, the ends of the bones are covered with:

articular cartilage.

To perform oral administation of medication, you need to do all the following except:

as the patient when he or she last ate

Most of the serious injuries associated to diving are related to which of the following emergencies?

ascent emergencies

When interacting with an intellectually disabled patient, the best approach is to:

ask your team members to wait until you can establish a rapport with the patient.

You receive a call to a local gymnasium for a basketball player with a dislocated shoulder. Upon arrival, you find the patient, a 17-year-old male, sitting on the ground. He is holding his left arm in a fixed position away from his body. There is an obvious anterior bulge to the area of injury. You should:

assess distal pulse, motor, and sensory functions.

After establishing that an adult patient is unresponsive, you should

assess for breathing and a pulse

You are assessing a 25-year-old woman who is 39 weeks pregnant. She is experiencing regular contractions that are approximately 3 minutes apart and states that her amniotic sac broke 2 hours ago. After taking the standard precautions, you should

assess her for crowning

A 49-year-old male presents with an acute onset of crushing chest pain and diaphoresis. You should:

assess the adequacy of his respirations.

Disclosure of what kind of information may result in liability for breach of confidentiality?

assessment findings shared with medical staff

You receive a call for a 70-year-old female with respiratory distress. Her husband tells you that she has congestive heart failure; however, he does not think that she has been taking her medications as prescribed. The patient is laboring to breathe, appears tired, and has cyanosis around her lips. You should

assist her ventilations with a bag-valve mask

A young male was shot in the abdomen by an unknown type of gun. He is semiconscious, has shallow breathing, and is bleeding externally from the wound. As you control the external bleeding, your partner should:

assist the patient's ventilations.

You and your paramedic partner are caring for a patient who ingested codeine, acetaminophen (Tylenol), and hydrocodone (Vicodin). The patient is unresponsive, his breathing is slow and shallow, and his pulse is slow and weak. Treatment for this patient should include:

assisted ventilation and naloxone (Narcan).

A female patient with a suspected spinal injury is breathing with a marked reduction in tidal volume. The MOST appropriate airway management for her includes: A. hyperventilating her at 30 breaths/min. B. administering oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask. C. ventilation assistance to maintain an oxygen saturation of 90%. D. assisting ventilations at an age-appropriate rate.

assisting ventilations at an age-appropriate rate.

an apnea monitor is indicated in all of the following situations EXCEPT:

asthma

When performing chest compressions on an adult, the EMT should compress:

at least 2 inches.

Unless he or she is critically ill or injured, you should generally begin your assessment of a toddler:

at the feet.

Which of the following statements regarding patients with intellectual disabilities is correct?

atients with intellectual disabilities are susceptible to the same disease processes as other patients.

Because of the complexity of the older patient and the vagueness of his or her complaint, you should:

attempt to differentiate between chronic and acute problems.

Upon delivery of an infant's head, you note that the umbilical cord is wrapped around its neck. You should:

attempt to slip the cord gently over the infant's head

Upon delivery of an infant's head, you note that the umbilical cord is wrapped around its neck. You should:

attempt to slip the cord gently over the infant's head.

The body's functions that occur without conscious effort are regulated by the _________ nervous system. A. sensory B. somatic C. autonomic D. voluntary

autonomic

When documenting a case of suspected elder abuse, it is MOST important for the EMT to:

avoid documenting any unsupported opinions.

You are assessing a 440-lb man who complains of shortness of breath and lower back pain. The patient is conscious and alert, his blood pressure is 148/98 mm Hg, and his heart rate is 120 beats/min. Your MOST immediate action should be to:

avoid placing him in a supine position if possible and administer oxygen.

Initial treatment to dislodge a severe foreign body airway obstruction in a responsive infant involves:

back slaps.

the stinger of the honeybee is WHAT so the bee can't remove it

barbed

Any radio hardware containing a transmitter and receiver that is located in a fixed place is called

base station

As you enter the residence of a patient who has possibly overdosed, you should:

be alert for personal hazards.

A 47-year-old male presents with severe abdominal pain of 3 hours' duration. His abdomen is distended and guarded. Your MOST important consideration for this patient should be to:

be alert for signs and symptoms of shock.

Regardless of where portable and mounted oxygen cylinders are stored in the ambulance, they must:

be capable of delivering oxygen at 1 to 15 L/min.

When assessing a patient with a behavioral crisis, you should:

be direct and clearly state your intentions.

Your documentation on a sexual assault victim should _______.

be objective and factual

When assessing or providing care to a patient with an intellectual disability, you should:

be observant for signs of fear or reluctance from the patient.

When assessing or providing care to a patient with a developmental disability, you should:

be observant for signs of fear or reluctance from the pt

In contrast to a behavioral crisis, a psychiatric emergency occurs when a person:

becomes agitated or violent and is a threat to him- or herself or others.

In anticipation of receiving a fertilized ovum, the lining of the uterine wall:

becomes engorged with blood.

If a patient's mechanical ventilator malfunctions, you should remove the patient from the ventilator and:

begin ventilations with a bag-valve mask.

General guidelines for managing a patient with a behavioral emergency include:

being prepared to spend extra time with the patient.

By the 20th week of pregnancy, the uterus is typically at or above the level of the mother's:

belly button

By the 20th week of pregnancy, the uterus is typically at or above the level of the mother's:

belly button.

When worn properly, a seatbelt should lie:

below the anterior superior iliac spines of the pelvis and against the hip joints.

A 21-year-old male was thrown over the handlebars of his motorcycle when he rear-ended a car that was stopped at a red light. He was wearing a helmet, which he removed prior to your arrival. He is conscious, but restless, and has closed deformities to both of his femurs. His skin is pale, his heart rate is rapid and weak, and his respirations are rapid and shallow. You should

bind his legs together on the backboard, keep him warm, and transport without delay

Activated charcoal is given to patients who have ingested certain substances because it:

binds to the substance and prevents absorption.

The vagina and the neck of the uterus comprise the:

birth canal.

The major side effect associated with administration of activated charcoal is:

black stools.

Death caused by shaken baby syndrome is usually the result of:

bleeding in the brain.

Which of the following might be difficult to palpate with a patient who experienced a water emergency?

blood pressure

epinephrine inhibits the allergic reaction by constricting the WHAT and dilating the bronchi

blood vessels

Pale skin in a child indicates that the:

blood vessels near the skin are constricted.

Closed chest injuries are typically caused by _______.

blunt trauma

Cerebral palsy is characterized by poorly controlled ________ movement.

body

BSI

body substance isolation

Cerebral palsy is a condition that results from damage or injury to the:

brain

The central nervous system (CNS) is composed of the: A. cerebellum and brain. B. brain and spinal cord. C. cerebrum and meninges. D. meninges and spinal cord.

brain and spinal cord.

Which of the following can cause anisocoria?

brain injury, nerve disease, OTC eye drops

A swimmer who breathes in and out rapidly and deeply before entering the water in an effort to expand their capacity to stay underwater may experience which of the following problems?

breath-holding syncope

Suspect a possible injury of the urinary bladder in all of the following findings, EXCEPT:

bruising to the left upper quadrant. In any case of trauma to a female patient, you should always determine if the patient:\is pregnant.

How could alcohol place a patient at greater risk for temperature-related emergencies?

by increasing fluid loss

A 40-year-old male intentionally cut his wrist out of anger after losing his job. Law enforcement has secured the scene prior to your arrival. As you enter the residence and visualize the patient, you can see that he has a towel around his wrist and a moderate amount of blood has soaked through it. You should:

calmly identify yourself to the patient.

In cases of poor perfusion, the transportation of __________ out of the tissues becomes impaired, resulting in a buildup of waste products

carbon dioxide

What gas is responsible for more fire deaths each year than any other by-product of combustion?

carbon monoxide

cardiogenic shock develops when the heart cannot maintain sufficient _________ to meet the demands of the body

cardiac output

When caring for a patient with a possible fracture of the scapula, the EMT should:

carefully assess the patient for breathing problems.

The umbilical cord:

carries oxygen to the baby via the umbilical vein.

An oropharyngeal airway should not be used in children who have ingested a caustic or petroleum-based product because it may:

cause the child to vomit.

Coordination of balance and body movement is controlled by the: A. medulla. B. cerebrum. C. cerebellum. D. brain stem.

cerebellum.

A temporary loss or alteration of part or all of the brain's abilities to function without physical damage to the brain MOST accurately describes a(n): A. cerebral contusion. B. cerebral concussion. C. intracranial hemorrhage. D. intracerebral hematoma.

cerebral concussion.

The MOST common and serious complication of a significant head injury is: a) a hypoxic seizure. b) cerebral edema. c) a skull fracture. d) acute hypotension.

cerebral edema.

The _________ contain(s) about 75% of the brain's total volume. A. cerebrum B. cerebellum C. brain stem D. meninges

cerebrum

According to the "E" in the DOPE mnemonic, which of the following actions should you perform to troubleshoot inadequate ventilation in a patient with a tracheostomy tube?

check the mechanical ventilator for malfunction

Immediately after delivery of the infant's head, you should

check the position of the umbilical cord

In addition to looking for severe bleeding, assessment of circulation in the conscious patient should involve:

checking the radial pulse and noting the color, temperature, and condition of the skin. / When caring for a patient who takes numerous medications, it is best to: // take all of the patient's medications with you to the hospital and document them on your patient care report.

histamines

chemical substances released by the immune system in allergic reactions that are responsible for many of the symptoms of anaphylaxis such as vasodilation

A surgical procedure that creates an opening between the intestine and the surface of the body that allows for elimination of waste products is called ?

colostomy

A surgical procedure that creates an opening between the intestine and the surface of the body that allows for elimination of waste products is called a(n):

colostomy.

With age, the spine stiffens as a result of shrinkage of the intervertebral disc spaces, and the vertebrae become brittle. This increases the risk of:

compression fractures.

Rapid deceleration of the head, such as when it impacts the windshield, causes: a) primary impact to the posterior aspect of the brain, resulting in compression injuries, bruising, or torn blood vessels. b) stretching or tearing of the anterior aspect of the brain and compression injuries or bruising to the posterior aspect of the brain. c) compression injuries or bruising to the anterior portion of the brain and stretching or tearing to the posterior portion of the brain. d) compression injuries and contusions to the anterior, posterior, and lateral aspects of the brain.

compression injuries or bruising to the anterior portion of the brain and stretching or tearing to the posterior portion of the brain.

Which of the following nerves allow sensory and motor impulses to be sent from one nerve directly to another? A. somatic B. connecting C. peripheral D. autonomic

connecting

Common signs and symptoms of a serious head injury include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. constricted pupils. B. combative behavior. C. CSF leakage from the ears. D. decreased sensory function.

constricted pupils.

The presence of infectious organisms or foreign bodies on or in objects such as dressings, water, food, or needles is called:

contamination

An 8-year-old boy was struck by a car, is unconscious, and is bleeding from the mouth. As you begin to provide care, a police officer tells you that he is unable to contact the child's parents. You should

continue to treat the child and transport as soon as possible

You are attending to a 23-year-old female patient who is 16 weeks pregnant with her second child. The patient has apparently fallen and sustained an injury to her upper right arm. When you ask about the incident history, the patient is reluctant to explain what happened and becomes very quiet. Based on this information, you should:

continue your care in a private area, document any details regarding the scene and the incident, and reassure her as you provide care.

The onset of labor begins with:

contractions of the uterus

A legal defense that may be raised when a defendant feels that the conduct of the plaintiff somehow contributed to injuries or damages sustained by the plaintiff is called

contributory negligence

A 54-year-old male accidentally shot himself in the leg while cleaning his gun. Your assessment reveals a small entrance wound to the medial aspect of his right leg. The exit wound is on the opposite side of the leg and is actively bleeding. The patient complains of numbness and tingling in his right foot. You should:

control the bleeding and cover the wound with a sterile dressing.

When a person is exposed to cold temperatures and strong winds for an extended period of time, he or she will lose heat mostly by:

convection

During the transport phase of an ambulance call, it is MOST important to:

converse with the patient and provide reassurance

A 2-year-old female has experienced a seizure. When you arrive at the scene, the child is conscious, crying, and clinging to her mother. Her skin is hot and moist. The mother tells you that the seizure lasted approximately 5 minutes. She further tells you that her daughter has no history of seizures, but has had a recent ear infection. You should:

cool the child with tepid water and transport to the hospital.

Common signs and symptoms of severe hyperglycemia include all of the following, EXCEPT:

cool, clammy skin.

Classic signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia include:

cool, clammy skin; weakness; tachycardia; and rapid respirations.

Patients with tuberculosis pose the greatest risk for transmitting the disease when they:

cough.

Hemoptysis is defined as

coughing up blood

The phenomenon of pressure waves emanating from the bullet, causing damage remote from its path, is known as:

coughing up blood.

The tactical use of an impenetrable barrier for protections known as ________

cover and concealment

A 40-year-old male was in his woodworking shop when he felt a sudden, sharp pain in his left eye. Your assessment reveals a small splinter of wood embedded in his cornea. You should: a) cover his right eye and flush the left eye with saline. b) remove the object with a cotton-tipped applicator. c) scrape the splinter away with moist, sterile gauze. d) cover both of his eyes and transport to the hospital.

cover both of his eyes and transport to the hospital.

A viral infection that may cause obstruction of the upper airway in a child is called:

croup.

when driving, maintain a safe distance from the vehicles in front/side of you and try to avoid being tailgated from behind. this is known as?

cushion of safety

Significant clues to the possibility of severe injuries in motor vehicle collisions include:

death of a passenger.

to remove or neutralize radiation chemical or other hazardous material from clothing equipment vehicles and personnel

decontaminate

Common signs and symptoms of a sprain include all of the following, EXCEPT:

deformity

A common cause of shock in an infant is:

dehydration from vomiting and diarrhea.

The slow onset of progressive disorientation, shortened attention span, and loss of cognitive function is known as:

dementia.

After advising a family member that her loved has died, she demands that there is something else you can do. This person is exhibiting which of the following stages of the grieving process? denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance

denial

According to the food ON DEATH AND DYING, the fourth stage of grief is _________ denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance

depression

When assessing a geriatric patient who has possibly experienced an acute ischemic stroke, it is MOST important to:

determine the onset of the patient's symptoms.

Placenta previa is defined as:

development of the placenta over the cervical opening.

Signs of excited delirium include:

diaphoresis, tachycardia, and hallucinations.

Difficulty breathing and a sunken appearance of the anterior abdominal wall is MOST indicative of a ruptured:

diaphragm.

The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominal cavity by the:

diaphragm.

The principal symptom in both infectious and noninfectious gastroenteritis is

diarrhea

In addition to ensuring his or her own safety, the EMT's responsibility when caring for a patient with a behavioral emergency is to:

diffuse and control the situation and safely transport the patient.

A _____ fractures the bone at the point of impact

direct blow

Bleeding from soft-tissue injuries to the face is MOST effectively controlled with: a) pressure dressings and chemical ice packs. b) direct pressure using dry, sterile dressings. c) digital pressure to an adjacent pulse point. d) ice packs and elevation of the patient's head.

direct pressure using dry, sterile dressings.

A 13-year-old child is on a home ventilator. The parents called because the mechanical ventilator is malfunctioning and the child has increasing respiratory distress. You should:

disconnect the ventilator and apply a tracheostomy collar.

______ is a disruption of a joint in which the bone ends are no longer in contact

dislocation

A ____ produces actual deformity, or distortion, of the limb by shortening, rotating, or angulating it

displaced fracture

When documenting abnormal behavior, it is important to

document everything that happened on the call.

What drives both the funding and research of EMS?

documentation in the field

your should always assume that motorists around your vehicle have not heard your siren/public address system or seen you until proven otherwise by their actions. this is know as?

driver anticipation

Infection should be considered a possible cause of an airway obstruction in an infant or child, especially if he or she presents with:

drooling or congestion.

The tough, fibrous outer meningeal layer is called the: A. pia mater. B. arachnoid. C. gray mater. D. dura mater.

dura mater.

One of the functions of the bones of the skeleton is to serve as a reservoir for important minerals and ______.

electrolytes

You are dispatched to an office building for a 49-year-old male with chest pain. When you arrive at the scene, you find the patient to be conscious and alert, but in obvious pain. He tells you that he did not call 9-1-1; a coworker did. He further states that he does not want to be treated or transported to the hospital. You should:

ensure that he is aware of the risks of refusing medical care

When immobilizing a patient on a long backboard, you should: A. have the patient exhale before fastening the torso straps. B. secure the torso and then center the patient on the board. C. follow the commands of the person at the patient's torso. D. ensure that you secure the torso before securing the head.

ensure that you secure the torso before securing the head.

Burns in children are commonly caused by all of the following, EXCEPT:

entrapment in a structural fire.

The two main types of cells contained in blood are called _________.

erythrocytes and leukocytes

When caring for a morbidly obese patient, you should:

establish his/her chief complaint and then communicate your plan to help

this is unnecessary and is dangerous and does not increase the patients chance of survival. makes if difficult for EMT's to provide care in the patient compartment. hinders the drivers reaction time. increases the time and distance needed to stop the ambulance

excessive speed

EMTs are dispatched to a residence for an 80-year-old woman who is ill. The patient's daughter states that her mother almost fainted after going to the bathroom, and that her pulse was very slow. The patient's pulse rate is 80 beats/min and irregular and she is conscious and alert. The EMTs should suspect that the patient:

experienced a vasovagal response.

It would be MOST appropriate to perform a focused secondary assessment on a patient who: A. fainted and fell to the ground from a standing position. B. was restrained during a high-speed motor vehicle crash. C. has blood draining from the ears following a head injury. D. struck his or her head and is experiencing nausea or vomiting.

fainted and fell to the ground from a standing position.

The _____________ connect(s) each ovary with the uterus.

fallopian tubes

for a patient appearing to have an allergic reaction give 100% oxygen via nasal cannula

false

Traction splints are used primarily to immobilize and secure fractures of the:

femur.

The ______ is an important anchor for ligaments surrounding the knee joint, and it forms the lateral side of the ankle joint.

fibula

Following delivery of a full-term baby, you have properly cared for the baby and have clamped and cut the umbilical cord. During transport, you note that the mother is experiencing moderate vaginal bleeding. You should:

firmly massage the uterine fundus with a circular motion.

A pleural effusion is MOST accurately defined as:

fluid accumulation outside the lung.

Peritonitis may result in shock because:

fluid shifts from the bloodstream into body tissues.

When performing a secondary assessment on a conscious patient with nontraumatic abdominal pain and stable vital signs, you should:

focus on his or her chief complaint.

It would be appropriate to use a traction splint on which of the following injures?

fractures of the shaft of the femur

When treating a chemical burn of the eye, it is important to flush:

from the inner corner of the affected eye toward the outer corner

The eyeball itself is referred to as the: a) sclera. b) orbit. c) globe. d) cornea.

globe.

A _____ fracture is an incomplete fracture that passes only partway through the shaft of a bone but may still cause severe angulation

greenstick

What term is defined as conduct that constitutes a willful or reckless disregard for a duty or standard of care?

gross negligence

Three ambulances respond to a golf course where six golfers were struck by lightning. Two of the golfers are conscious and alert with superficial skin burns (group 1). The next two golfers have minor fractures and appear confused (group 2). The last two golfers are in cardiac arrest (group 3). According to reverse triage, which group of golfers should be treated FIRST?

group 3

When a patient stiffens the muscles of the abdomen, it is known as _______.

guarding.

When the abdominal muscles become rigid in an effort to protect the abdomen from further irritation, this is referred to as:

guarding.

You are assessing a 59-year-old male and note that his pupils are unequal. He is conscious and alert. When obtaining his medical history, it is MOST pertinent to ask him if he: a) has a history of eye surgeries. b) regularly sees a family physician. c) is allergic to any medications. d) noticed the change during a meal.

has a history of eye surgeries.

EMS personnel would MOST likely be called to the residence of a patient receiving home health care when the home care provider:

has recognized a change in the pt's health status

When caring for a female child who has possibly been sexually abused, you should:

have a female EMT remain with her if possible.

A precipitous labor and delivery is MOST common in women who:

have delivered a baby before

A precipitous labor and delivery is MOST common in women who:

have delivered a baby before.

During your assessment of a 19-year-old male, you are told that he is being treated with factor VIII. This indicates that:

he has hemophilia A.

An elderly patient may understate or minimize the symptoms of his or her illness because:

he or she fears hospitalization.

When placing a patient onto a long backboard, the EMT at the patient's _________ is in charge of all patient movements. A. head B. chest C. waist D. lower extremities

head

All of the following are normal findings in an infant or child, EXCEPT:

head bobbing.

A 40-year-old unrestrained female impacted the steering wheel of her vehicle with her chest when she hit a tree while traveling at 45 mph. She is conscious and alert, but is experiencing significant chest pain and shortness of breath. Which of the following injuries is the LEAST likely?

head injury

The reduction in brain weight and volume increases an older person's risk for:

head trauma.

Signs and symptoms of preeclampsia include:

headache and edema.

The cervical spine is MOST protected from whiplash-type injuries when the:

headrest is appropriately positioned.

Which of the following statements regarding hearing aids is correct?

hearing aids cannot restore hearing to normal levels

You respond to a female jogger who was jogging in the park. The ambient temperature is 100ºF. She is complaining of dizziness, dry tongue, rapid pulse, and thirst. Which heat emergency is she MOST likely suffering from?

heat exhaustion

You respond to a male patient who has been exercising in a very hot environment. As you check his vital signs, his pulse is becoming weaker. You are perspiring, but he is not. From what could your patient be suffering?

heat stroke

An effective team leader should

help the team accomplish goals

For which of the following conditions would you MOST likely encounter a ventricular peritoneum shunt?

hydrocephalus

this occurs at speeds greater then 30mph when the tires of a vehicle are lifted off the road surface as a result of water "piling up" underneath them making the vehicle feel as though it is floating

hydroplaning

What is the definitive treatment for a patient suffering from air embolism or decompression sickness?

hyperbaric chamber

You are assessing a 70-year-old female who complains of intense thirst, frequent urination, and dizziness. She has a history of type 2 diabetes, heart disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and gout. Her blood glucose reads "high." She is conscious, but confused. Her blood pressure is 92/52 mm Hg, her pulse rate is 130 beats/min and weak, and her respirations are 22 breaths/min and shallow. This patient's clinical presentation is MOST consistent with:

hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome.

the presence of WHAT or respiratory distress indicates that the patient is having a sever enough allergic reaction to lead to death

hypoperfusion

Your patient has a chronic respiratory condition. His stimulus to breathe is triggered by low oxygen levels in the blood. This is known as the ___________.

hypoxic drive

You respond to a residence for a 40-year-old female who was assaulted by her husband; the scene has been secured by law enforcement. Upon your arrival, you find the patient lying supine on the floor in the kitchen. She is semiconscious with severely labored breathing. Further assessment reveals a large bruise to the left anterior chest, jugular venous distention, and unilaterally absent breath sounds. As your partner is supporting her ventilations, you should:

immediately request ALS support.

A 45-year-old male was working on his roof when he fell approximately 12′,landing on his feet. He is conscious and alert and complains of an ache in his lower back. He is breathing adequately and has stable vital signs. You should: A. obtain a Glasgow Coma Score value and give him oxygen. B. immobilize his spine and perform a focused secondary exam. C. allow him to refuse transport if his vital signs remain stable. D. perform a rapid head-to-toe exam and immobilize his spine.

immobilize his spine and perform a focused secondary exam.

What side effects may be observed following the administration of epinephrine?

increased heart rate, increased workload on the heart, increased demand for oxygen by the heart

Shivering is a mechanism in which the body generates heat by:

increasing the metabolic rate.

Most poisonings occur via the __________ route.

ingestion

List five common allergens

insect bites and stings, medications, plants food, chemicals

You are transporting a 42-year-old male who experienced blunt abdominal trauma. He is receiving oxygen at 12 L/min via a nonrebreathing mask and full spinal precautions have been applied. During your reassessment, you note his level of consciousness has decreased and his respirations have become shallow. You should:

insert an airway adjunct if he will tolerate it and begin assisting his ventilations with a BVM.

You are assisting an asthma patient with his prescribed metered-dose inhaler. After the patient takes a deep breath and depresses the inhaler, you should:

instruct him to hold his breath for as long as he comfortably can.

Compared to an adult, the diaphragm dictates the amount of air that a child inspires because the:

intercostal muscles are not well developed.

When caring for a known alcoholic patient with severe trauma to the chest and abdomen, you should be concerned that:

internal bleeding may be profuse because prolonged alcohol use may impair the blood's ability to clot.

these crashes are the most common and usually the most serious type of collision in which ambulances are involved

intersection hazards/crashes

Following a blunt injury to the head, a 22-year-old female is confused and complains of a severe headache and nausea. On the basis of these signs and symptoms, you should be MOST concerned with the possibility of:

intracranial bleeding.

A 37-year-old female with a history of diabetes presents with excessive urination and weakness of 2 days' duration. Her blood glucose level reads 320 mg/dL. If this patient's condition is not promptly treated, she will MOST likely develop:

irreversible renal failure.

A factory worker was splashed in the eyes with a strong acid chemical. He complains of intense pain and blurred vision. Your ambulance does not carry bottles of sterile saline or water. You should: a) flush both eyes with an alcohol-based solution and transport. b) neutralize the acid chemical in his eye with an alkaline chemical. c) mix baking soda with water and irrigate his eyes with the solution. d) irrigate both eyes continuously for 20 minutes with plain water.

irrigate both eyes continuously for 20 minutes with plain water.

The secondary assessment of a medical patient:

is not practical if the patient is critically ill or your transport time is short.

Chronic renal failure is a condition that:

is often caused by hypertension or diabetes.//loses its blood supply due to compression by local tissues.

By placing one hand on your head and the other hand over your abdomen, you are asking a hearing-impaired patient if he or she:

is sick.

A nuchal cord is defined as an umbilical cord that:

is wrapped around teh baby's neck

Why is epinephrine the drug of choice in the treatment of a severe allergic reaction?

it blocks the allergic reaction, opens up the bronchioles and raises blood pressure

Once a cervical collar has been applied to a patient with a possible spinal injury, it should not be removed unless: A. the patient adamantly denies neck pain. B. lateral immobilization has been applied. C. it causes a problem managing the ABCs. D. sensory and motor functions remain intact.

it causes a problem managing the ABCs.

what is true of a prehospital care report

it helps ensure efficient continuity of patient care

A tight-fitting motorcycle helmet should be left in place unless: A. it interferes with your assessment of the airway. B. the patient must be placed onto a long backboard. C. the patient complains of severe neck or back pain. D. the helmet is equipped with a full face shield or visor.

it interferes with your assessment of the airway.

When a light is shone into the pupil: a) both pupils should dilate together. b) it should become larger in size. c) the opposite pupil should dilate. d) it should become smaller in size.

it should become smaller in size.

this is a portable kit containing items that are used in the initial care of the patient

jump kit

A 17-year-old female dislocated her patella while playing soccer. Her knee is flexed and she complains of severe pain. You should:

keep her knee flexed and secure it with padded board splints.

Substance abuse is MOST accurately defined as:

knowingly misusing a substance to produce a desired effect.

Medication errors can stem from different casuses. Choosing an incorrect dosage to administer is a :

knowledge-base error

The stooped posture of some older people, which gives them a humpback appearance, is called:

kyphosis.

The __________ and _________ are folds of tissue that surround the urethral and vaginal openings.

labia majora; labia minora

What is the most common problem surrounding drowning deaths by young children in residential pools?

lack of adult supervision

Bones are connected to other bones by bands of tough fibrous tissues called:

ligaments.

You cannot successfully deliver a ___ presentation in the field.

limb

The physical examination of a sexual assault victim should be:

limited to a brief survey for life-threatening injuries.

An overdose of acetaminophen, the active ingredient in Tylenol, will MOST likely cause:

liver failure.

Bruising to the right upper quadrant of the abdomen following blunt trauma is MOST suggestive of injury to the:

liver.

angioedema

localized areas of swelling beneath the skin often around the eyes and lips but it can also involve other body areas as well

In general, labor is _____ in primigravida than a multigravida

longer

Motor nerve neuropathy is characterized by:

loss of balance, muscle weakness, and spasms.

The most common presenting sign of pelvic inflammatory disease is:

lower abdominal pain.

Because hearing-impaired patients typically have more difficulty hearing high-frequency sounds, it is important for you to:

lower the pitch of your voice./When enlisting the help of an interpreter who signs, it is important for you to ask the interpreter to:\report exactly what the patient signs and not to add any commentary.

A person who experiences a calcaneus fracture after jumping and landing on his or her feet would MOST likely experience an accompanying fracture of the:

lumbar spine

A person who experiences a calcaneus fracture after jumping and landing on his or her feet would MOST likely experience an accompanying fracture of the:

lumbar spine.

If a second provider is available, what would he or she do while assisting in the treatment of cardiac arrest in a pregnant patient?

manually displace the uterus

People at a higher risk for suicide include all of the following, EXCEPT:

married males older than 30 years.

If a person is partially immune to a particular disease, he or she

may develop illness from germs that lie dormant from the initial infection

this medical evacuation is performed exclusively by helicopters. they fly between 130-150mph

medivac

which communication system can confirm addresses, track progress to the scene and provide scene information such as the number of violent calls to an address?

mobile data terminal

A 6-month-old male presents with 2 days of vomiting and diarrhea. He is conscious, but his level of activity is decreased. The infant's mother tells you that he has not had a soiled diaper in over 12 hours. The infant's heart rate is 140 beats/min and his anterior fontanelle appears to be slightly sunken. You should suspect:

moderate dehydration.

Atrophy is a condition that occurs when:

muscle decreases in size and function.

What causes wheezing?

muscles around the bronchioles tighten in reaction to the allergen and airways are constricted, making breathing more difficult. Fluid in the air passages and constricted bronchi together produce the wheezing sound

all of the following are associated with Down syndrome EXCEPT:

narrow-set eyes

Assessment of the medical patient is usually focused on the _________.

nature of illness

The first month of life after birth is referred to as the:

neonatal period.

In contrast to conductive hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss is caused by:

nerve damage

Which of the following is only a presumptive sign of death?

no systolic blood pressure

Upon entering the residence of a geriatric patient with a medical or trauma complaint, the EMT should:

observe for conditions that may make the residence unsafe.

cardiac tamponade is an example of which type of shock

obstructive shock

Assessment of a patient's blood pressure with an automatic BP cuff reveals that it is 204/120 mm Hg. The patient is conscious and alert and denies any symptoms. The EMT should:

obtain a manual blood pressure.

Before giving activated charcoal, you should:

obtain approval from medical control.

Which of the following is the most posterior portion of the cranium?

occiput

A 22-year-old male with a history of clinical depression called 9-1-1 and stated that he has attempted to kill himself. Your unit and law enforcement officers arrive at the scene simultaneously. You find the patient lying supine on the living room floor. He is unresponsive and cyanotic. An empty bottle of hydromorphone (Dilaudid) is found on an adjacent table. You should:

open the patient's airway and assess his respirations.

Heroin is an example of a(n):

opioid.

Fractures of the pelvis in older patients often occur as the result of a combination of:

osteoporosis and low-energy trauma.

When assessing an elderly patient who fell, it is important to remember that:

osteoporosis can cause a fracture as a result of a fall from a standing position.

Findings during the social assessment of an older patient include all of the following, EXCEPT:

outdated medications.

Treat for shock early and aggressively by providing _________ and keeping the patient ______________

oxygen ; warm

In order for efficient pulmonary gas exchange to occur:

oxygen and carbon dioxide must be able to freely diffuse across the alveolar-capillary membrane.

In the event that a patient has a DNR order, which of the following supportive measures (if any) are you allowed to provide?

oxygen, pain relief, and comfort

Airborne substances should be diluted with:

oxygen.

When assessing a patient with abdominal pain, you should:

palpate the abdomen in a clockwise direction, beginning with the quadrant after the one the patient indicates is painful.

In 2009, the H1N1 virus accounted for over 200,000 deaths worldwide in the form of the swine flu. In 1919, a similar outbreak of the H1N1 occurred in the form of the Spanish flu. Starting in Kansas City, the virus spread rapidly worldwide, claiming up to 50 million lives. These are both examples of:

pandemics.

A spinal cord injury at the level of C7 would MOST likely result in:

paralysis of the intercostal muscles.

EMTs are dispatched for a patient in cardiac arrest. When they arrive, they find that the patient is pulseless and apneic and is wearing an external defibrillator vest. In this situation, the EMTs should:

perform CPR and leave the vest in place

In order to evaluate hazards present at the scene and determine the number of patients, you should:

perform a 360° walk-around of the scene

Once entrance and access to the patient have been provided, you should:

perform a primary assessment

A 2-year-old child who has no recent history of illness suddenly appears cyanotic and cannot speak after playing with a small toy. You should:

perform abdominal thrusts.

Circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells' oxygen, nutritional, and waste-removal needs is termed _______.

perfusion

Once you have assessed _______________, determine whether the patient should be treated as a high priority, whether ALS is needed, and which facility to transport

perfusion

The _________ nervous system consists of 31 pairs of spinal nerves and 12 pairs of cranial nerves. A. central B. somatic C. autonomic D. peripheral

peripheral

When a hollow organ is punctured during a penetrating injury to the abdomen:

peritonitis may not develop for several hours.

Regardless of how stressful the situation, your priorities should be ordered as follows:

personal safety, scene safety, patient care

Autism is defined as a:

pervasive developmental disorder characterized by impairment of social interaction

When caring for a female patient who has been sexually assaulted, you should:

place any bloodstained clothing or other articles in separate paper bags.

When immobilizing a patient with a kyphotic spine to a long backboard, the EMT would MOST likely have to:

place blankets behind the patient's head.

A 33-year-old woman who is 36 weeks pregnant is experiencing vaginal bleeding. During transport, you note that she suddenly becomes diaphoretic, tachycardic, and hypotensive. You should:

place her in a left lateral recumbent position

A 33-year-old woman who is 36 weeks pregnant is experiencing vaginal bleeding. During transport, you note that she suddenly becomes diaphoretic, tachycardic, and hypotensive. You should:

place her in a left lateral recumbent position.

A 26-year-old female who is 34 weeks pregnant is experiencing a seizure. Her husband tells you that her blood pressure has been high and that she had been complaining of a headache for the past few days. You should:

place her on her side, administer high-flow oxygen, and transport.

When immobilizing a child on a long backboard, you should: A. secure the head prior to securing the torso and legs. B. defer cervical collar placement to avoid discomfort. C. place the child's head in a slightly extended position. D. place padding under the child's shoulders as needed.

place padding under the child's shoulders as needed.

A 21 year-old male has a large laceration to his neck. When you assess him, you note that the bright red blood is spurting from the left side of his neck. You should immediately

place your gloved hand over the wound

A 67-year-old female presents with difficulty breathing and chest discomfort that awakened her from her sleep. She states that she has congestive heart failure, has had two previous heart attacks, and has prescribed nitroglycerin. She is conscious and alert with adequate breathing. Her blood pressure is 94/64 mm Hg and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. Treatment for this patient includes:

placing her in an upright position.

Your 22-year-old patient is in active labor. Upon visual inspection, you note that the infant's leg is protruding from the vagina. Appropriate management of this situation includes:

placing the mother supine with her head down and pelvis elevated.

When caring for patients who have fallen, you must identify the _____ and the mechanism of injury so that you will not overlook associated injuries.

point of contact

What root word represents the color gray?

poli/o

Immunizations against _______ will provide long-term immunity for the EMT

polio

Excessive eating caused by cellular "hunger" is called:

polyphagia.

Anaphylactic shock is caused by

poor vessel function

Although substantial ligament damage always occurs with a knee dislocation, the more urgent injury is to the ___ artery, which is often lacerated or compressed by the displaced tibia

popliteal

General techniques for communicating with hearing-impaired patients include:

positioning yourself approximately 18 inches directly in front of the patient.

General techniques for communicating with hearing-impaired patients include?

positioning yourself ~18" directly in front of the pt

Common interventions used to stimulate spontaneous respirations in the newborn include all of the following, EXCEPT:

positive-pressure ventilations.

during what phase to you complete and file any additional reports and again inform dispatch of your status, location and availability?

post run phase

A pregnant trauma patient may lose a significant amount of blood before showing signs of shock because:

pregnant patients have an overall increase in blood volume.

The purpose of a ventricular peritoneum shunt is to:

prevent excess cerebrospinal fluid from accumulating in the brain.

Regardless of the severity of the exposure, management of hypothermia in the field consists of stabilizing ABCs and

preventing further heat loss

Asprin

prevents clumping of platelets

Immediately life-threatening chest injuries must be found and managed during the _______.

primary assessment

Fetal complications associated with drug- or alcohol-addicted mothers include all of the following, EXCEPT:

profound tachycardia

A 30-year-old woman with a history of alcoholism presents with severe upper abdominal pain and is vomiting large amounts of bright red blood. Her skin is cool, pale, and clammy; her heart rate is 120 beats/min and weak; and her blood pressure is 70/50 mm Hg. Your MOST immediate action should be to:

protect her airway from aspiration.

HIPAA considers all patient information that you obtain in the course of providing medical treatment to a patient to be _____

protected health information

An important aspect in the treatment of a patient with severe abdominal pain is to:

provide emotional support en route to the hospital.

Following delivery of a pulseless and apneic infant who has a foul odor, skin sloughing, and diffuse blistering, you should:

provide emotional support for the mother

Following delivery of a pulseless and apneic infant who has a foul odor, skin sloughing, and diffuse blistering, you should:

provide emotional support to the mother.

A 22-year-old female patient is complaining of dyspnea and numbness and tingling in her hands and feet after an argument with her fiancé. Her respirations are 40 breaths/min. You should:

provide reassurance and give oxygen as needed.

A 20-year-old male was pulled from cold water by his friends. The length of his submersion is not known and was not witnessed. You perform a primary assessment and determine that the patient is apneic and has a slow, weak pulse. You should

provide rescue breathing, remove his wet clothing, immobilize his entire spine, keep him warm, and transport carefully

If a newborn's heart rate is less than 60 beats/min following delivery, you should:

provide ventilations for 30 seconds.

A "hip" fracture is actually a fracture of the:

proximal femur

A "hip" fracture is actually a fracture of the:

proximal femur.

Patients may show agitation or violence or become a threat to themselves or others when they experience a(n) _____ emergency.

psychiatric

which of the following is TRUE regarding airway management of pts with Down syndrome?

pts often have large tongues

Three days after delivering her baby, a 30-year-old woman complains of a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. Her level of consciousness is decreased and she is tachycardic. The EMT should suspect:

pulmonary dmbolism

Three days after delivering her baby, a 30-year-old woman complains of a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. Her level of consciousness is decreased and she is tachycardic. The EMT should suspect:

pulmonary embolism.

If the baby is crowning and the amniotic sac has not yet ruptured, you should:

puncture the sac away from the head and then push the sac away from the infant's face

During your secondary assessment, which of the following symptoms might alert you to an open fracture?

puncture wounds

The opening in the center of the iris, which allows light to move to the back of the eye, is called the: a) cornea. b) pupil. c) conjunctiva. d) sclera.

pupil.

Immediately after physically restraining a violent patient, the EMT should:

reassess the patient's airway and breathing.

When caring for an elderly patient who is hearing impaired, you should:

recall that elderly patients often have difficulty hearing high-frequency sounds.

When an elderly patient presents you with multiple over-the-counter medications that he or she is taking, it is MOST important to:

recall that the patient is at risk for negative medication interactions.

Patients with decompression sickness and air embolism must be treated in a(n)

recompression chamber

Pain that may be perceived at a distant point on the surface of the body, such as the back or shoulder, is called:

referred pain.

A technique used to gain insight into a patient's thinking, which involves repeating in question form what the patient has said, is called:

reflective listening.

Based on a pregnant woman's culture, she has the right to

refuse all or any part of the EMT's assessment and care

which of the following is NOT a cause of visual impairment?

regeneration of the eyeball, optic nerve, or nerve pathway

epinephrine whether made by the body or by a drug manufacturer works rapidly to

relieve bronchospasms

You respond to a call for an unknown emergency. When you arrive at the scene, the patient's husband meets you at the door and states that his wife has been depressed and has locked herself in an upstairs bedroom. He further tells you that he keeps his handgun in the bedroom. You should

remain in a safe place and request law enforcement

When driving an ambulance on a multilane highway in emergency mode, you should:

remain in the extreme left-hand lane

You and your partner are standing by at the scene of a residential fire when you hear the incident commander state "We have located a victim" over the radio. You should:

remain with the ambulance and wait for fire personnel to bring the victim to you

When a motor vehicle strikes a tree while traveling at 40 mph, the unrestrained occupant:

remains in motion until acted upon by an external force.

If an object is visible in the unconscious patient's airway, you should __________.

remove it

Your partner is performing one-rescuer CPR on a middle-aged woman in cardiac arrest. When you apply the AED pads, you note that she has a medication patch over the same area where one of the AED pads will be placed. You should:

remove the medication patch, wipe away any medication residue, and apply the AED pads.

Disentanglement involves:

removing a patient from a dangerous position

A woman has frostbite in both feet after walking several miles in a frozen field. Her feet are white, hard, and cold to the touch. Treatment at the scene should include

removing her wet clothing and covering her feet with dry, sterile dressings

The kidneys help to regulate blood pressure by:

removing sodium and water from the body.

General care for a patient with a tracheostomy tube includes all of the following, EXCEPT:

removing the tube if the area around it appears to be infected

General care for a patient with a tracheostomy tube includes all of the following, EXCEPT:

removing the tube if the area around it appears to be infected.

Reassessment of a patient with a medical complaint should begin by:

repeating the primary assessment.

In most cases, cardiopulmonary arrest in infants and children is caused by:

respiratory arrest.

Down syndrome pts are at an increased risk for medical complications. which is NOT one of them?

respiratory complications

End-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) monitoring is clearly indicated for patients who present with:

respiratory distress.

a 20 yr old man was kicked numerous times in the abdomen during an assult. his abdomen is rigid and tender, his heart rate is 120 beats/min, and his respirations are 30 breaths/min. You should treat this patient for

respiratory failure

"PASTE" is an alternate assessment tool for ___________.

respiratory patients

Early signs of respiratory distress in the child include:

restlessness.

A 38-year-old male with a history of schizophrenia is reported by neighbors to be screaming and throwing things in his house. You are familiar with the patient and have cared for him in the past for unrelated problems. Law enforcement officers escort you into the residence when you arrive. The patient tells you that he sees vampires and is attempting to ward them off by screaming and throwing things at them. He has several large lacerations to his forearms that are actively bleeding. The MOST appropriate way to manage this situation is to:

restrain the patient with appropriate force in order to treat his injuries.

The systemic veins function by:

returning deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

A patient with blunt trauma who is holding the lateral side of his chest and has rapid and shallow respirations is most likely suffering from:

rib fractures.

A ventricular atrium shunt drains excess fluid from the ventricles of the brain into the:

right atrium of the heart.

The EMT must be familiar with six general steps of administering any medication. These steps are six rights of medication administration. The six rights include the right patient, right dose, right route, right time, right documentation and:

right medication

Because a tracheostomy tube bypasses the nose and mouth:

secretions can build up in and around the tube.

When immobilizing an injured child in a pediatric immobilization device, you should:

secure the torso before the head.

The difference between preeclampsia and eclampsia is the onset of:

seizures

In contrast to adults, deterioration to cardiac arrest in infants and children is usually associated with:

severe hypoxia and bradycardia.

Which of the following is NOT a predisposing factor in hypothermia?

sex of the patient TRUE: - environment - age of the patient - ingestion of drugs

which of the following is NOT considered a clue that your parent might be hearing impaired?

slurred speech

What type of muscle contracts and relaxes to control the movement of the contents within its structures?

smooth

Following blunt trauma to the abdomen, a 21-year-old female complains of diffuse abdominal pain and pain to the left shoulder. Your assessment reveals that her abdomen is distended and tender to palpation. On the basis of these findings, you should be MOST suspicious of injury to the:

spleen.

Internal bleeding into a fractured extremity is MOST often controlled by:

splinting the extremity.

a person who assists a driver in backing up an ambulance to help adjust for blind spots at the back of the vehicle

spotter

A ____ is an injury to the ligaments, the articular capsule, the synovial membrane, and the tendons crossing the joint

sprain

You are dispatched to a local elementary school for an injured child. As you approach the child, you note that he is lying at the base of the monkey bars. He is unresponsive and there are no signs of breathing. You should:

stabilize his head and check for a pulse.

During your secondary assessment of a 30-year-old male who fell 25 feet, you note crepitus when palpating his pelvis. Your partner advises you that the patient's blood pressure is 80/50 mm Hg and his heart rate is 120 beats/min and weak. After completing your assessment, you should:

stabilize the pelvis with a pelvic binder and protect the spine.

You are attending to a 27-year-old patient with a history of depression. The patient's family tells you that she has been openly talking about harming herself and suicide, and they got scared when she tried to overdose on some medications. The patient did not take the pills and is alert and oriented. Despite all of your best efforts to convince her, the patient refuses to go to hospital for treatment. Based on this information, you should:

stay with the patient while you wait for the police

If a nasopharyngeal airway is too long, it may:

stimulate the vagus nerve.

You and your partner are preparing to apply a traction splint to a patient's deformed thigh. As you apply manual traction, the patient resists your efforts and states that the pain is getting worse. You should:

stop and splint the leg in the deformed position.

A 67-year-old female with severe chest pain becomes unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic during transport. You should

stop the ambulance, begin CPR, and attach the AED as soon as possible

Once the infant's head has been delivered:

suction the infant's mouth, then the nose.

When caring for a patient experiencing excited delirium, the EMT should remember that:

sudden death can occur if the patient's violence is not controlled.

Common signs of a skull fracture include all of the following, EXCEPT

superficial scalp lacerations

Common signs of a skull fracture include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. mastoid process bruising. B. ecchymosis around the eyes. C. noted deformity to the skull. D. superficial scalp lacerations.

superficial scalp lacerations.

Signs and symptoms of a sympathomimetic drug overdose include:

tachycardia.

Patients with chest injuries will often present with _______.

tachypnea

The EMT should suspect left-sided heart failure in the geriatric patient who presents with:

tachypnea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.

When the mother is experiencing a contraction, you should instruct her to:

take quick short breaths.

After sizing up the scene of a patient with a possible infectious disease, your next priority should be to:

take standard precautions.

The EMT should ensure that vaginal bleeding is _________.

taken seriously and the patient is transported for gynecologic evaluation

Symptomatic hypoglycemia will MOST likely develop if a patient:

takes too much of his or her prescribed insulin.

steps for assisting a patient with administration of an EpiPen include

taking body substance isolation precautions

services offered by home care agencies include all of the following EXCEPT:

taking the pt to restaurants

When assessing an 8-year-old child, you should:

talk to the child, not just the caregiver.

Airway management can be challenging in patients with Down syndrome because their:

teeth are misaligned and they have a large tongue

When forming your general impression of a patient with a medical complaint, it is important to remember that:

the conditions of many medical patients may not appear serious at first.

When a child experiences a blunt chest injury:

the flexible ribs can be compressed without breaking.

The ideal procedure for moving an injured patient from the ground to a backboard is: A. the clothes drag. B. the four-person log roll. C. to use a scoop stretcher. D. the direct patient carry.

the four-person log roll.

The lightening refers to

the head of the fetus descending into the woman's pelvis

When the parasympathetic nervous system is activated: a) hormones are released that prepare the body for stress. b) heart rate and blood pressure increase. c) the heart rate decreases and the blood vessels dilate d) blood is shunted away from the digestive organs.

the heart rate decreases and the blood vessels dilate

You and your partner respond to a patient who has had his hand nearly severed by a drill press. As you approach, you note that the patient is pale and there appears to be a lot of blood on the floor. The wound continues to bleed copiously. After applying a tourniquet, you write _____ and _____ on a piece of adhesive tape and apply it to the patient's forehead.

the letters "TK"; the exact time applied D) the date and time; estimated amount of blood loss

When immobilizing a trauma patient's spine, the EMT manually stabilizing the head should not let go until: A. an appropriately sized cervical collar has been applied. B. the patient has been secured to the ambulance stretcher. C. the head has been stabilized with lateral immobilization. D. the patient has been completely secured to the backboard.

the patient has been completely secured to the backboard.

If a dislocated shoulder has spontaneously reduced before your arrival, the only way to confirm the injury is by noting:

the patient history.

In general, musculoskeletal injuries should be splinted before moving the patient unless:

the patient is clinically unstable.

Abruptio placenta occurs when:

the placenta prematurely separates from the uterine wall

Abruptio placenta occurs when:

the placenta prematurely separates from the uterine wall.

The bloody show refers to

the plug that is discharged into the vagina as pink-tinged mucus

Supine hypotensive syndrome occurs when:

the pregnant uterus compresses the inferior vena cava.

immunology

the study of the body's immune system

Greenstick fractures occur in infants and children because:

their bones bend more easily than an adult's.

Breath sounds in the pediatric population are more easily heard because:

their chest walls are thinner.

Children are often "belly breathers" because _______.

their intercostal muscles are not developed

When caring for patients with cerebral palsy, it is important to remember that:

their limbs are often underdeveloped and are prone to injury.

Many older victims of physical abuse may make false statements or lie about the origin of their injuries because:

they fear retribution from the abuser.

A 4-year-old female has a peanut lodged in the external auditory canal of her right ear. You should: a) transport her to the emergency department. b) use tweezers to try to remove the object. c) remove the peanut with a cotton-tipped swab. d) thoroughly flush her ear with sterile saline.

transport her to the emergency department.

A 22-year-old male was kicked in the abdomen several times. You find him lying on his left side with his knees drawn up. He is conscious and alert and complains of increased pain and nausea when he tries to straighten his legs. His blood pressure is 142/82 mm Hg, his pulse rate is 110 beats/min and strong, and his respirations are 22 breaths/min and regular. In addition to administering high-flow oxygen, you should

transport him in the position in which you found him

When transporting a stable older patient to the hospital, the MOST effective way to reduce his or her anxiety is to:

transport him or her to a hospital that he or she is familiar with.

during what phase should you provide number of patients, name of receiving hospital, beginning mileage of the ambulance (in some jurisdictions)?

transport phase

The MOST important treatment for a patient with severe abdominal pain and signs of shock is:

transporting the patient without delay.

A fracture that occurs straight across the bone that is usually the result of a direct blow injury is referred to as

transverse

Down syndrome is a genetic defect that occurs as the result of:

trisomy 21

after assisting with an EpiPen what is the first thing you should do is place the used EpiPen in a biohazard container

true

allergic reactions can occur in response to almost any substance

true

prolonged respiratory difficulty causes tachycardia, shock and death

true

What is the EMT's priority when dealing with an organ donor?

try to save the patient's life

You are attending to a 54-year-old female patient in a homeless shelter. The patient tells you that she had the flu a couple of weeks ago, and she has not gotten over it. She has been tired and keeps waking up at night, sweating. She has been coughing up green sputum occasionally and has been experiencing episodes of chest pain that get worse when she breathes. Based on this information, your patient is most likely suffering from:

tuberculosis.

Skiing injuries often happen because of

twisting forces

A teenage boy who was involved in a bicycle accident has a puncture wound where the bicycle kickstand impaled his leg. The MOST appropriate method for treating this injury is to

unbolt the kickstand from the bike frame and stabilize it with bulky dressings

use police escorts as a guide only when you are in unfamiliar territory. neither vehicle should use its warning lights or siren. follow at a safe distance if you are being guided.

use of escorts

If you do not have the appropriate size cervical collar, you should: A. use rolled towels to immobilize the patient's head. B. place sandbags on either side of the patient's head. C. ask the patient to keep his or her head in a neutral position. D. defer cervical immobilization and apply lateral head blocks.

use rolled towels to immobilize the patient's head.

Common causes of syncope in older patients include all of the following, EXCEPT:

vasoconstriction.

The MOST common cause of dehydration in pediatric patients is:

vomiting and diarrhea.

When a patient is combative and poses a risk to the rescuer, it is advisable to

wait for law enforcement to arrive on scene before attempting treatment

which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the care of a pt with cerebral palsy?

walkers or wheelchairs should not be take in the ambulance

The parietal peritoneum lines the:

walls of the abdominal cavity.

Which insects can sting repeatedly?

wasps, hornets and fire ants

When caring for a patient with a previous head injury, you should:

watch the patient for signs of anxiety.

Your body needs calories for your metabolism to function. What is the catalyst for much of this metabolism?

water

Signs of vasoconstriction in the infant or child include:

weak distal pulses.

When caring for a patient with an open facial injury, the EMT must: a) wear gloves and facial protection. b) consider the mechanism of injury. c) manually stabilize the patient's head. d) closely assess the patient's airway.

wear gloves and facial protection.

If you properly assess and stabilize a patient at the scene, driving to the hospital with excessive speed:

will decrease the driver's reaction time.

When performing CPR on a child, you should compress the chest:

with one or two hands.

Urinary tract infections are more common in ____________.

women

A combining vowel shown with the ________ is called a combining form

word root

Force acting over a distance is the definition of:

work.

What is the added advantage of using an air splint?

you can use a hand pump to pull the air out through a valve

40. Ten days after treating a 34-year-old patient with tuberculosis, you are given a tuberculin skin test, which yields a positive result. This MOST likely indicates that:

you were exposed to another infected person prior to treating the 34-year-old patient.

The index of suspicion is MOST accurately defined as:

your awareness and concern for potentially serious underlying injuries.

When the speed of a motor vehicle doubles, the amount of kinetic energy:

quadruples.

immune response

the body's response to a substance perceived by the body as foreign

according to the National EMS Scope of Practice Model, which level of EMS provider could assist with the complicated delivery of an infant?

- EMT

how much EMS support (in %) is provided by a governmental agency such as a fire agency?

- 45%

according to the National EMS Scope of Practice Model, which level of EMS provider should be able to administer an inhaled beta-agonist for dyspnea and wheezing?

- AEMT

which important document created a plan to standardized the levels of EMS education and EMS providers in an effort to ensure a more seamless delivery of EMS care across the country?

- EMS Agenda for the Future

Which level of EMS provider has training in specific aspects of advanced life support, such as intravenous therapy, and the administration of certain emergency medications?

- advanced emergency medical technician (AEMT)

If there is a possibility that you are assigned to cold weather search-and-rescue, you should receive survival training and

- be familiar with local conditions - be aware of existing and potential weather conditions - stay on top of changes that are forecast for the area

Which of the following answers contribute to a pregnant woman's risk of falling?

- displacement of abdominal organs - increased weight of the uterus - hormonal changes that loosen the joints

which of the following is not necessary to become an EMT? - valid driver's license - successful completion of a state-recognized practical certification exam - successful completion of a recognized health care provider basic life support / cardiopulmonary resuscitation course - bachelor's degree or equivalent

- don't need a bachelor's degree to become an EMT

Which of the following is the EMT's primary job?

- ensuring the scene is as safe as possible

in patient assessment, patients have many complaints. your job is to determine which complaints are ________ .

- life threatening

When obtaining the history about a possible pregnancy from a teenager, the EMT

- may discover that the patient does not know she is pregnant - may find that the patient is in complete denial about the pregnancy - should obtain the history away from the patient's parents

which of the following EMS skills involves transporting patients to a hospital, clinic, or other medical care facility?

- packaging

according to the National EMS Scope of Practice Model, which level of EMS provider could perform needle chest decompression?

- paramedic

constantly keeping the needs of patients at the center of care is called what?

- patient advocacy

according to the professional attributes of EMTs, careful delivery of care is exemplified by what?

- paying attention to detail and making sure what is being done is being done as safely as possible

the most important responsibility of an EMT is ...

- protecting his or her patients from harm and delivering high-quality medical care

what purpose of Title I of the ADA serve?

- protects EMTs with disabilities seeking gainful employment

according to the professional attributes of EMTs, the attribute that places others in high regard or importance and understands that others are more important than self is what?

- respect

what purpose did The White Paper serve?

- revealed the inadequacy of prehospital emergency care and transportation

quality control in an EMS system is the ultimate responsibility of what/who?

- the medical director

Consider a rendezvous with ALS for more aggressive treatment if

- the symptoms do not clear up promptly - the body temperature remains elevated - the person is very young, older, or has an underlying condition

Which of the following questions would be helpful during the history-gathering process when assessing a pregnant patient?

- when is your due date? - have you been receiving prenatal care? - are you aware of any complications?

Many departments throughout the United States have strict controls on when an EMT is allowed to administer medication. which of the following is considered the CORRECT circumstance surrounding the administration of medication?

-Patient-assisted medication - peer-assisted medication -EMT-adminstered medication

Which of the following statements regarding medication administation is TRUE?

-you may administer or help to administer medication if local protocols include standing orders for the use of the medication. -It is imperative that you not give or help patients to take medications except under certain circumstances -you may administer or help to administer medications if medical control gives you a direct order

36. If the situation allows, a child should be transported in a car seat if he or she weighs less than _____ lb. A. 40 B. 50 C. 60 D. 70

Answer: A Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1164

Name the ten phases of extraction.

1) Preparation 2) Enroute to scene 3) Arrival & Scene size-up 4) Hazard Control 5) Support Operations 6) Gaining Access 7) Patient Care 8) Removal of Patient 9) Transfer of Patient 10) Termination/ Conclusion of Extrication

37. Which of the following inquiries should you make in private when obtaining a SAMPLE history from an adolescent patient? A. sexual activity B. past medical history C. change in bladder habits D. duration of symptoms

Answer: A Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1165

39. Blood pressure is usually not assessed in children younger than _____ years. A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6

Answer: A Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1167

When performing CPR on a newborn, a compression to ventilation ratio of 3:1 should be used; this will yield a total of ___ "actions" per minute

120

3. A child may begin to show signs of separation anxiety as early as: A. 6 months. B. 12 months. C. 18 months. D. 24 months.

Answer: A Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1149

4. Unless he or she is critically ill or injured, you should generally begin your assessment of a toddler: A. at the feet. B. at the head. C. in the ambulance. D. en route to the hospital.

Answer: A Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1150

Typically, medivac helicopters fly at speeds between:

130 and 150 mph.

40. Which of the following represents a low normal systolic blood pressure for a 6-year-old child? A. 82 mm Hg B. 88 mm Hg C. 90 mm Hg D. 98 mm Hg

Answer: A Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1167

73. Children with N meningitides would MOST likely present with: A. cherry-red spots or a purplish rash. B. a low-grade fever and tachycardia. C. hypothermia and an irregular pulse. D. a generalized rash with intense itching.

Answer: A Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1183

74. The signs and symptoms of poisoning in children: A. vary widely, depending on the child's age and weight. B. are more obvious than in the adult population. C. usually present within the first 10 minutes of ingestion. D. are most severe if the child ingested a poisonous substance.

Answer: A Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1184

42. A burn that is characterized by redness and pain is classified as a: A. third-degree burn. B. first-degree burn. C. second-degree burn D. partial-thickness burn

Answer: B Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 824

The mastoid process is located approximately: a) ½″ anterior to the external opening of the ear. b) 1″ posterior to the external opening of the ear. c) 1″ posterior to the angle of the mandible. d) 1″ inferior to the external opening of the ear.

1″ posterior to the external opening of the ear.

In how many ways is lightning a threat?

2

In infants and children. a capillary refill time (CRT) that is greater than _____ second(s) is a sign of poor peripheral perfusion.

2

Significant vital sign changes will occur if the typical adult acutely loses more than ______ of his or her total blood volume.

20%

Which of the following is MOST characteristic of adequate breathing?

24 breaths/min with bilaterally equal breath sounds and pink skin

89. Padding underneath the torso when immobilizing an injured child is generally not necessary if he or she is: A. older than 8 to 10 years. B. complaining of severe back pain. C. immobilized on a long backboard. D. experiencing cardiopulmonary arrest.

Answer: A Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1188

How do you properly sequence the following if you are exposed to blood or other bodily substances? 1 - Be screened to determine if there was a significant exposure 2 - Activate the department's exposure control plan. 3 - Turn over patient care to another EMS provider. 4 - When safe to do so, clean exposed area with soap and water. 5 - Complete an exposure report form.

3, 4, 2, 1, 5

A patient with a head injury presents with abnormal flexion of his extremities. What numeric value should you assign to him for motor response? A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5

3

How many EMTs does it take to apply a rigid splint?

3

11. A closed soft-tissue injury characterized by swelling and ecchymosis is called a(n): A. abrasion. B. contusion. C. hematoma. D. crush injury.

Answer: B Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 808

46. Common signs and symptoms of an airway burn include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. hoarseness. B. chest pressure. C. singed nasal hair. D. soot around the mouth.

Answer: B Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 825

The normal respiratory rate for a newborn should not exceed ______ breaths/min.

60

12. A hematoma develops when: A. small amounts of blood leak into the epidermis. B. large blood vessels beneath the skin are damaged. C. severe swelling compromises arterial circulation. D. cells and small vessels in the dermis are damaged.

Answer: B Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 808

The normal blood glucose level is between:

80 and 120 mg/dL.

Normal blood glucose levels range from _____ mg/dL.

80 to 120

Which of the following represents a low normal systolic blood pressure for a 6-year-old child?

82 mm Hg

18. Which of the following open soft-tissue injuries is limited to the superficial layer of the skin and results in the least amount of blood loss? A. avulsion B. abrasion C. incision D. laceration

Answer: B Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 809

Heat stroke

A life threatening condition of severe hypothermia caused by exposure to excessive natural or artificial heat, marked by warm, dry skin; severely altered mental status; and often a reversible,

20. An injury that separates various layers of soft tissue, resulting in complete detachment or a flap of skin, is called a(n): A. incision. B. avulsion. C. laceration. D. amputation.

Answer: B Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 810

During the natural process of aging, the number of functional cilia in the respiratory system decreases, resulting in: Select one: A. a decreased ability to cough. B. baseline respiratory distress. C. an increased risk of COPD. D. air-trapping within the alveoli.

A. a decreased ability to cough

You receive a call for a 70-year-old female with respiratory distress. Her husband tells you that she has congestive heart failure; however, he does not think that she has been taking her medications as prescribed. The patient is laboring to breathe, appears tired, and has cyanosis around her lips. You should: A. assist her ventilations with a bag-mask device. B. apply a pulse oximeter and obtain vital signs. C. administer oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask. D. obtain a complete list of all of her medications.

A. assist her ventilations with a bag-mask device.

Alkalosis is a condition that occurs when: A. blood acidity is reduced by excessive breathing. B. dangerous acids accumulate in the bloodstream. C. the level of carbon dioxide in the blood increases. D. slow, shallow breathing eliminates too much carbon dioxide.

A. blood acidity is reduced by excessive breathing.

Which of the following sets of vital signs depicts Cushing's triad? A. blood pressure, 190/110 mm Hg pulse, 55 beats/min respirations, 30 breaths/min B. blood pressure, 90/50 mm Hg pulse, 120 beats/min respirations, 10 breaths/min C.blood pressure, 200/100 mm Hg pulse, 140 beats/min pulse, 140 beats/min respirations, 28 breaths/min D.blood pressure, 80/40 mm Hg pulse, pulse 30 beats/min respirations, 32 breaths/min

A. blood pressure, 190/110 mm Hg; pulse, 55 beats/min; respirations, 30 breaths/min

Weakening of the airway in patients with chronic bronchitis is the result of: A. destruction of protective mechanisms that remove foreign particles. B. loss of the lubricating substance that facilitates alveolar expansion. C. airway irritation caused by a marked decrease in mucus production. D. acute constriction of the bronchioles caused by an external irritant.

A. destruction of protective mechanisms that remove foreign particles.

The "E" of the GEMS diamond stands for: Select one: A. environmental assessment. B. events leading to the incident. C. extrication of the patient. D. emergency assessment.

A. environmental assessment.

Asthma is caused by a response of the: A. immune system. B. endocrine system. C. respiratory system. D. cardiovascular system.

A. immune system.

You are assisting an asthma patient with his prescribed metered-dose inhaler. After the patient takes a deep breath and depresses the inhaler, you should: A. instruct him to hold his breath for as long as he comfortably can. B. immediately reapply the oxygen mask and reassess his condition. C. advise him to exhale forcefully to ensure medication absorption. D. allow him to breathe room air and assess his oxygen saturation.

A. instruct him to hold his breath for as long as he comfortably can.

Poor maintenance of home, poor personal care, and dietary neglect are all possible indicators of ____________ elder abuse. Select one: A. physical B. financial C. emotional D. psychological

A. physical

Sedentary behavior while healing from a hip fracture would MOST likely predispose the older patient to: Select one: A. pneumonia. B. osteoporosis. C. heart failure. D. ischemic stroke.

A. pneumonia.

Dyspnea is MOST accurately defined as: A. shortness of breath or difficulty breathing. B. a complete cessation of respiratory effort. C. a marked increase in the exhalation phase. D.labored breathing with reduced tidal volume.

A. shortness of breath or difficulty breathing.

Geriatric patients present as a special problem for caregivers because: Select one: A. the classic presentation of disease is often altered. B. geriatric patients tend not to understand their underlying conditions. C. their medications are rather difficult to learn. D. the typical diseases of the geriatric population are uncommon.

A. the classic presentation of disease is often altered.

Severe back pain may be associated with which of the following conditions?

Abdominal aortic aneurysm

After being stung on the leg by a jellyfish, a man complains of severe pain to his leg, dizziness, and difficulty breathing. He has a red rash covering his trunk and his blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg. The EMT should:

Administer oxygen and epinephrine and prepare for rapid transport

Which of the following splinting devices would be MOST appropriate to use for a patient who has an open fracture of the forearm with external bleeding?

Air splint

questions to ask when obtaining a history from a patient appearing to have an allergic reaction include

how the patient was exposed

What is the definition of Mass-Casualty Incident (MCI)?

An incident that involves three or more patients,places great demand on the EMS system or has the potential to produce multiple casualties.

For which of the following should you use a traction splint?

An isolated femur fracture

7. When assessing or treating an adolescent patient, it is important to remember that: A. they usually do not wish to be observed during a procedure. B. it is generally not necessary to explain procedures in advance. C. they often request medication to help in the relief of severe pain. D. they cannot understand complex concepts and treatment options.

Answer: A Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1153

14. Compared to adults, the liver and spleen of pediatric patients are more prone to injury and bleeding because they are: A. proportionately larger and situated more anteriorly. B. more vascular despite the fact that they are proportionately smaller. C. spaced further apart, which causes them to shift following trauma. D. lower in the abdominal cavity, where the muscles are not as strong.

Answer: A Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1155

17. The components of the PAT are: A. appearance, work of breathing, and skin circulation. B. mental status, heart rate, and systolic blood pressure. C. skin condition, respiratory rate, and level of alertness. D. activity, respiratory quality, and level of consciousness.

Answer: A Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1158

21. Early signs of respiratory distress in the pediatric patient include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. cyanosis. B. tachypnea. C. retractions. D. abnormal airway noise.

Answer: A Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1159

29. A high-pitched inspiratory sound that indicates a partial upper airway obstruction is called: A. stridor. B. rhonchi. C. grunting. D. wheezing.

Answer: A Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1162

32. After squeezing the end of a child's finger or toe for a few seconds, blood should return to the area within: A. 2 seconds. B. 3 seconds. C. 4 seconds. D. 5 seconds.

Answer: A Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1162

9. Which of the following processes occurs during the inflammation phase of the healing process? A. The immune system releases histamines, which cause vasodilation and increased capillary permeability, resulting in local redness and swelling. B. White blood cells are forced away from the injury site, thus allowing an increase in the flow of red blood cells, resulting in increased blood flow. C. The blood vessels in and around the injury site constrict, which forces bacteria and other microorganisms away, thus preventing significant infection. D. The veins and arteries at the injury site constrict and platelets aggregate, which stops bleeding and causes a temporary increase in the size of the wound.

Answer: A Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 807

50. An 8-year-old female with a history of asthma continues to experience severe respiratory distress despite being given multiple doses of her prescribed albuterol by her mother. She is conscious, but clearly restless. Her heart rate is 130 beats/min and her respiratory rate is 30 breaths/min. She is receiving high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask. You should: A. be prepared to assist her ventilations, transport at once, and request an ALS intercept en route to the hospital. B. continue high-flow oxygen therapy, contact medical control, and request permission to administer more albuterol. C. begin immediate ventilation assistance and ensure that you squeeze the bag forcefully in order to open her bronchioles. D. begin chest compressions if she becomes unresponsive and her heart rate falls below 80 beats/min.

Answer: A Question Type: Critical Thinking Page: 1171

56. A utility worker was trimming branches and was electrocuted when he accidentally cut a high-power line. He fell approximately 20′ and is lying unconscious on the ground; the power line is lying across his chest. You should: A. rapidly assess the patient after ensuring that the power line is not live. B. apply insulated gloves and assume manual control of his c-spine. C. quickly but carefully move the patient away from the power line. D. manually stabilize his head as your partner assesses for breathing.

Answer: A Question Type: Critical Thinking Page: 827

58. A 38-year-old male was electrocuted while attempting to wire a house. Your assessment reveals that he is unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic. A coworker has shut off the power to the house. You should: A. begin CPR and apply the AED. B. begin CPR and transport at once. C. assess for entry and exit wounds. D. fully immobilize his spinal column.

Answer: A Question Type: Critical Thinking Page: 828

1. The first month of life after birth is referred to as the: A. neonatal period. B. toddler period. C. start of infancy. D. premature phase.

Answer: A Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1149

15. A 30-year-old male experienced a crushing injury when his arm was trapped between the back of a truck and a loading dock. Upon your arrival, the man's arm has been freed. Your assessment reveals that his arm is obviously deformed and swollen and is cold and pale. Further assessment reveals an absent radial pulse. You should be MOST concerned that this patient has: A. internal hemorrhage. B. compartment syndrome. C. a severe closed fracture. D. damage to the radial nerve.

Answer: B Question Type: Critical Thinking Page: 808

23. During your assessment of a patient who was shot in the abdomen, you notice a large entrance wound with multiple small puncture wounds surrounding it. This wound pattern is MOST consistent with a: A. handgun. B. shotgun. C. .22-caliber pistol. D. .357 magnum.

Answer: B Question Type: Critical Thinking Page: 811

6. When assessing an 8-year-old child, you should: A. refrain from taking a blood pressure. B. talk to the child, not just the caregiver. C. use a toe-to-head assessment approach. D. rely solely on the parent for information.

Answer: B Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1152

33. Capillary refill time is MOST reliable as an indicator of end-organ perfusion in children younger than: A. 4 years. B. 6 years. C. 8 years. D. 10 years.

Answer: B Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1162-1163

45. Infection should be considered a possible cause of an airway obstruction in an infant or child, especially if he or she presents with: A. extreme restlessness. B. drooling or congestion. C. skin that is cool and dry. D. acute respiratory distress.

Answer: B Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1170

51. The MOST efficient way to identify the appropriately sized equipment for a pediatric patient is to: A. estimate the child's weight based on age. B. use a length-based resuscitation tape measure. C. estimate the child's weight based on appearance. D. ask a relative if he or she knows the child's weight.

Answer: B Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1173

52. An oropharyngeal airway should not be used in children who have ingested a caustic or petroleum-based product because it may: A. depress the gag reflex. B. cause the child to vomit. C. result in airway swelling. D. result in a soft-tissue injury.

Answer: B Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1173

61. Cardiac arrest in the pediatric population is MOST commonly the result of: A. a complete airway obstruction. B. respiratory or circulatory failure. C. a congenital cardiovascular defect. D. lethal cardiac rhythm disturbances.

Answer: B Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1179

65. Which of the following is the LEAST reliable assessment parameter to evaluate when determining the presence of shock in infants and children? A. heart rate B. blood pressure C. skin condition D. capillary refill

Answer: B Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1180

66. Common causes of seizures in children include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. infection. B. hyperglycemia. C. electrolyte imbalances. D. poisonings or ingestion

Answer: B Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1182

67. Febrile seizures are MOST common in children between: A. 3 months and 4 years. B. 6 months and 6 years. C. 8 months and 8 years. D. 18 months and 10 years.

Answer: B Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1182

71. Which of the following groups of people is associated with the lowest risk of meningitis? A. newborns B. females C. geriatrics D. children with shunts

Answer: B Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1182

77. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate dose of activated charcoal for a 20-kg child? A. 12.5 g B. 20 g C. 25 g D. 50 g

Answer: B Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1184

80. Signs of severe dehydration in an infant include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. profound tachycardia. B. slowed level of activity. C. delayed capillary refill. D. dry mucous membranes.

Answer: B Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1185

82. The EMT should be MOST concerned when a child presents with fever and: A. chills. B. a rash. C. ear pain. D. a headache.

Answer: B Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1186

91. When a child experiences a blunt chest injury: A. the flexible rib cage protects the vital thoracic organs. B. the flexible ribs can be compressed without breaking. C. the sudden force against the ribs causes them to fracture. D. there is usually obvious injury to the external chest wall.

Answer: B Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1190

94. Critical burns in children include: A. any superficial or partial-thickness burn that involves the legs or arms. B. partial-thickness burns covering more than 20% of the body surface. C. second-degree burns covering more than 10% of the body surface. D. superficial burns covering more than 10% to 15% of the body surface.

Answer: B Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1192

96. Effective methods for providing pain relief to a child with an extremity injury include: A. separating the child from his or her parents. B. positioning, ice packs, and emotional support. C. avoiding the placement of a splint, if possible. D. heat compresses and lowering the injured extremity.

Answer: B Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1193-1194

100. With regard to the legal implications of child abuse: A. child abuse must be reported only if it can be proven. B. EMTs must report all suspected cases of child abuse. C. you should document your perceptions on the run form. D. a supervisor can forbid you from reporting possible abuse.

Answer: B Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1196

101. When caring for a female child who has possibly been sexually abused, you should: A. encourage the child to urinate and take a shower. B. have a female EMT remain with her if possible. C. carefully examine the genitalia for signs of injury. D. immediately report your suspicions to the parents.

Answer: B Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1196

105. During the attempted resuscitation of an infant with suspected SIDS: A. discourage the family from observing. B. allow the family to observe if they wish. C. a law enforcement officer must be present. D. give detailed updates to the infant's parents.

Answer: B Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1197

49. Which of the following statements regarding the rule of nines is correct? A. A child's head is equal to 14% of his or her total BSA. B. The anterior trunk of an adult is equal to 18% of the BSA. C. The posterior of a child's leg is equal to 13.5% of the BSA. D. The anterior arm in the adult is equal to 9% of the total BSA.

Answer: B Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 825

53. Which of the following is a severe burn in a 2-year-old child? A. superficial burn that covers 25% of the BSA B. any full-thickness burn, regardless of its location on the body C. partial-thickness burn that covers 10% of the BSA D. any burn that involves the arms, legs, or posterior part of the body

Answer: B Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 826

55. In order for electricity to flow through the body and cause damage: A. an insulator must exist between the electrical source and the patient. B. a complete circuit must exist between the electrical source and the ground. C. the part of the body that is in contact with the electrical source must be dry. D. the person must make direct physical contact with the source of electricity.

Answer: B Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 826

63. A common cause of shock in an infant is: A. a cardiac arrhythmia. B. dehydration from vomiting and diarrhea. C. excessive tachycardia. D. cardiovascular disease.

Answer: B Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1180

20. You are dispatched to a residence for a child with respiratory distress. The patient, an 18-month-old female, is tachypneic, has sternal retractions, and is clinging to her mother. Her skin is pink and dry, and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. The MOST appropriate treatment for this child includes: A. requesting a paramedic ambulance to insert an advanced airway device. B. separating the child from her mother and providing ventilatory assistance. C. administering blow-by oxygen and transporting the child with her mother. D. allowing the child to remain with her mother and applying a nasal cannula.

Answer: C Question Type: Critical Thinking Page: 1158-1159

21. A 56-year-old male has an incomplete avulsion to his right forearm. After controlling any bleeding from the wound, you should: A. carefully probe the wound to determine if the bleeding is venous or arterial. B. carefully remove the avulsed flap and wrap it in a moist, sterile trauma dressing. C. replace the avulsed flap to its original position and cover it with a sterile dressing. D. thoroughly irrigate the wound with sterile water and cover it with a sterile dressing.

Answer: C Question Type: Critical Thinking Page: 810

24. A 39-year-old male was struck in the head by a baseball during a game. He is confused, has a large hematoma in the center of his forehead, and cannot remember the events preceding the injury. After manually stabilizing his head and assessing his airway, you should: A. perform a neurologic exam. B. palpate his radial pulses. C. administer high-flow oxygen. D. apply ice to the hematoma.

Answer: C Question Type: Critical Thinking Page: 813

28. A 17-year-old male was shot in the right anterior chest during an altercation with a gang member. As your partner is applying 100% oxygen, you perform a rapid secondary assessment and find an open chest wound with a small amount of blood bubbling from it. You should: A. place a sterile dressing over the wound and apply direct pressure. B. control the bleeding from the wound and prepare to transport at once. C. apply an occlusive dressing to the wound and continue your assessment. D. direct your partner to assist the patient's ventilations with a bag-mask device.

Answer: C Question Type: Critical Thinking Page: 818

52. A 5-year-old female pulled a pot of boiling water from the stove. She has superficial and partial-thickness burns to her head and anterior trunk. What percentage of her body surface area has been burned? A. 18% B. 27% C. 30% D. 36%

Answer: C Question Type: Critical Thinking Page: 825

62. You have applied a dressing and roller-gauze bandage to a laceration on the arm of a young female. During transport, she begins to complain of numbness and tingling in her hand. You should: A. remove the bandage and dressing and apply another one. B. carefully manipulate her arm until the symptoms subside. C. assess distal circulation and readjust the bandage as needed. D. remove the gauze bandage and replace it with an elastic one.

Answer: C Question Type: Critical Thinking Page: 837

8. Which of the following statements regarding a pediatric patient's anatomy is correct? A. The tracheal rings of a child are more rigid than an adult's. B. A child's tongue is proportionately smaller than an adult's. C. Children have a larger, rounder occiput compared to adults. D. The child's epiglottis is less floppy and smaller than an adult's.

Answer: C Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1153-1154

11. Pale skin in a child indicates that the: A. child is in severe decompensated shock. B. oxygen content in the blood is decreased. C. blood vessels near the skin are constricted. D. child's core body temperature is elevated.

Answer: C Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1155

18. After using the PAT to form your general impression of a sick or injured child, you should: A. evaluate the child's baseline vital signs. B. obtain a SAMPLE history from the parents. C. perform a hands-on assessment of the ABCs. D. assess the child's heart rate and skin condition.

Answer: C Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1158

26. When assessing an infant's ventilation status, you should: A. observe the chest for rise and fall. B. rule out hypoxia if cyanosis is absent. C. palpate the abdomen for rise and fall. D. give oxygen if the SpO2 is less than 90%.

Answer: C Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1160

55. If a nasopharyngeal airway is too long, it may: A. result in tachycardia. B. push the tongue anteriorly. C. stimulate the vagus nerve. D. become obstructed by mucus.

Answer: C Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1176

68. In most children, febrile seizures are characterized by: A. a blank stare, a duration of between 15 and 30 minutes, and a prolonged postictal phase. B. unresponsiveness, complete body relaxation, a fever greater than 105°F, and a short postictal phase. C. generalized tonic-clonic activity, a duration of less than 15 minutes, and a short or absent postictal phase. D. isolated tonic-clonic activity, a duration of greater than 15 minutes, and a short postictal phase.

Answer: C Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1182

75. When questioning the parent of a child who ingested a poisonous substance, which of the following questions would be of LEAST pertinence? A. What time did the ingestion occur? B. Have you noticed any signs or symptoms? C. Why did your child ingest the poison? D. Do you know what substance was ingested?

Answer: C Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1184

97. Which of the following findings is LEAST suggestive of child abuse? A. evidence of alcohol consumption or drug use at the scene B. burns to the hands or feet that involve a glove distribution C. consistency in the method of injury reported by the caregiver D. an unexplained delay in seeking medical care after the injury

Answer: C Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1195

102. Which of the following statements regarding sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is correct? A. Certain cases of SIDS are predictable and therefore preventable. B. SIDS is most commonly the result of an overwhelming infection. C. Most cases of SIDS occur in infants younger than 6 months. D. The cause of death following SIDS can be established by autopsy.

Answer: C Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1196

103. Which of the following is NOT a known risk factor of SIDS? A. mother younger than 20 years B. low birth weight C. putting a baby to sleep on his or her back D. mother smoked during pregnancy

Answer: C Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1196

7. Functions of the skin include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. maintenance of water balance. B. regulation of body temperature. C. the production of key antibodies. D. sending information to the brain.

Answer: C Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 806

19. A laceration: A. is an injury that separates various layers of soft tissue. B. is a sharp, smooth cut that is made by a surgical scalpel. C. is a jagged cut caused by a sharp object or blunt force trauma. D. rarely penetrates through the subcutaneous tissue to the muscle.

Answer: C Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 809

31. In which of the following patients should you remove an impaled object? A. a semiconscious patient with an ice pick impaled in the chest B. an apneic patient with a shard of glass impaled in the abdomen C. a pulseless and apneic patient with a knife impaled in the back D. a conscious and alert patient with a fishhook impaled in the eye

Answer: C Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 820

36. In contrast to animal bites, the bite of a human: A. is usually less severe because the human mouth is cleaner. B. typically results in a minor infection that is slow-spreading. C. carries with it a wide variety of virulent bacteria and viruses. D. is associated with a much higher incidence of rabies infection.

Answer: C Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 822

40. Which of the following is a severe burn in a 65-year-old patient? A. superficial burn to 30% of the BSA B. full-thickness burn to 1% of the BSA C. partial-thickness burn to 20% of the BSA D. second-degree burn covering 10% of the BSA

Answer: C Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 823

44. Patients with full-thickness (third-degree) burns generally do not complain of pain because: A. blister formation protects the burn. B. he or she is generally not conscious. C. the nerve endings have been destroyed. D. subcutaneous vessels are usually clotted.

Answer: C Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 824

50. With regard to the pediatric rule of nines, the: A. head is proportionately smaller than an adult's. B. thorax is proportionately larger than an adult's. C. legs are proportionately smaller than an adult's. D. arms are proportionately larger than an adult's.

Answer: C Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 825

27. You are assessing a 30-year-old woman with multiple large bruises to her chest and abdomen that she experienced during an assault. She is conscious but restless, and her skin is cool and pale. You should be MOST concerned with: A. performing a detailed secondary assessment to locate all of her injuries. B. assessing the bruises that overlie major organs in the chest and abdomen. C. the fact that her clinical signs could indicate that she is bleeding internally. D. obtaining a complete set of vital signs to rule out the possibility of shock.

Answer: C Question Type: Critical Thinking Page: 817

64. Blood loss in a child exceeding _____ of his or her total blood volume significantly increases the risk of shock. A. 5% B. 15% C. 25% D. 35%

Answer: C Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1180

10. During the normal wound healing process, bleeding may occur from even a minor injury because: A. there is a substantial decrease in the number of platelets in and around the wound, which increases the risk of bleeding. B. histamines released by the immune system constrict the blood vessels, which increases the pressure within them. C. new capillaries that stem from intact capillaries are delicate and take time to become as stable as the preexisting capillaries. D. bacteria and other microorganisms invade the wound site and damage the capillaries, which makes them more prone to bleeding.

Answer: C Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 807

14. The hallmark sign of compartment syndrome is: A. a lack of pain despite the severity of the injury. B. extreme redness to the injury site. C. a bounding pulse distal to the injury. D. pain out of proportion to the injury.

Answer: D Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 808

35. You respond to a skate park where a 10-year-old male fell from his skateboard and struck his head on the ground; he was not wearing a helmet. He is responsive to painful stimuli only and has a large hematoma to the back of his head. After your partner stabilizes his head and opens his airway, you assess his breathing and determine that it is slow and irregular. His pulse is slow and bounding. You should: A. apply high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask, perform an in-depth secondary assessment, apply full spinal precautions, and transport. B. insert an oral airway, hyperventilate him with a bag-mask device, apply full spinal precautions, and transport to the closest trauma center. C. apply high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask, obtain baseline vital signs, apply full spinal precautions, and perform a secondary assessment. D. assist his ventilations, be prepared to suction his mouth if he vomits, apply full spinal precautions, and prepare for immediate transport to a trauma center.

Answer: D Question Type: Critical Thinking Page: 1164

35. An 8-year-old male was bitten by a stray dog. He has a large laceration to the back of his left hand, which your partner covered with a sterile dressing and bandage. In addition to transporting the child to the hospital, you should: A. administer oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask. B. ask the child's father to try to locate the dog. C. advise the child that he will need rabies shots. D. report the incident to the appropriate authorities.

Answer: D Question Type: Critical Thinking Page: 822

59. You and your partner arrive at the scene of a house fire where fire fighters have rescued a 50-year-old male from his burning house. The patient has superficial and partial-thickness burns to his face and chest. His nasal hairs are singed and he is coughing up sooty sputum. You should be MOST concerned with: A. treating him for hypothermia. B. preventing the risk of infection. C. estimating the extent of his burns. D. the potential for airway swelling.

Answer: D Question Type: Critical Thinking Page: 829

2. Which of the following statements regarding a 3-month-old infant is correct? A. The infant is unable to turn his or her head and focus. B. The infant should be aroused easily from a sleeping state. C. At this age, the infant typically sleeps for up to 8 hours a day. D. A 3-month-old infant can distinguish a parent from a stranger.

Answer: D Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1149

5. Which of the following statements regarding preschool-age children is correct? A. They realize that injuries are not a form of punishment. B. Preschoolers are usually not fearful of pain or separation. C. The preschool age begins after the child turns 2 years old. D. They can usually identify painful areas when questioned.

Answer: D Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1151

13. Which of the following statements regarding spinal injuries in pediatric patients is correct? A. Because of a child's proportionately large head, they are more prone to spinal cord injuries than adults. B. The majority of cervical spine injuries in children are partial transections of the spinal cord, resulting in partial paralysis. C. Most cervical spine fractures in infants and children occur between the first and second cervical vertebrae. D. If the cervical spine is injured, it is most likely to be an injury to the ligaments because of rapid movement of the head.

Answer: D Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1155

15. The suture of the anterior fontanelle is typically closed by _____ months of age, and the suture of the posterior fontanelle is typically closed by _____ months of age. A. 2, 4 B. 6, 12 C. 12, 4 D. 18, 6

Answer: D Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1156

19. A normal level of consciousness in an infant or child is characterized by: A. normal interactiveness, awareness to time, and pink skin color. B. awareness to place, pink and dry skin, and consistent eye contact. C. crying or combativeness, good muscle tone, and awareness to time. D. age-appropriate behavior, good muscle tone, and good eye contact.

Answer: D Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1158

24. Before positioning an infant or child's airway, you should: A. put padding behind his or her head. B. thoroughly suction his or her airway. C. rule out an injury to the spinal cord. D. place him or her on a firm surface.

Answer: D Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1160

27. All of the following are normal findings in an infant or child, EXCEPT: A. quiet breathing. B. fear or anxiety. C. belly breathing. D. head bobbing.

Answer: D Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1161

34. Immediate transport is indicated for a child when he or she: A. is experiencing mild to moderate pain. B. falls from a height greater than 5′. C. has a possible closed fracture of the radius. D. has a history suggestive of a serious illness.

Answer: D Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1164

43. The MOST ominous sign of impending cardiopulmonary arrest in infants and children is: A. pallor. B. retractions. C. nasal flaring. D. bradycardia.

Answer: D Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1169

53. When inserting an oropharyngeal airway in an infant or child, you should: A. place padding under the child's head. B. ensure that his or her neck is hyperextended. C. insert it until the flange rests on the teeth. D. depress the tongue with a tongue depressor.

Answer: D Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1174

60. The MOST accurate method for determining if you are delivering adequate tidal volume to a child during bag-mask ventilations is to: A. monitor the child's heart rate. B. observe the child's skin color. C. monitor the pulse oximeter reading. D. observe the chest for adequate rise.

Answer: D Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1178

69. Febrile seizures in a child: A. typically last less than 30 minutes. B. occur after a week of a febrile illness. C. are usually caused by viral meningitis. D. may indicate a serious underlying illness.

Answer: D Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1182

79. An infant with severe dehydration would be expected to present with: A. excessive tearing. B. moist oral mucosa. C. bulging fontanelles. D. absent urine output.

Answer: D Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1185

83. Hyperthermia differs from fever in that it is an increase in body temperature: A. of more than 2°F to 3°F per hour. B. secondary to a severe bacterial infection. C. caused by inflammation of the spinal cord. D. caused by the inability of the body to cool itself.

Answer: D Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1186

87. Which of the following is MORE common in children than in adults following a head injury? A. spinal cord injury B. loss of consciousness C. seizures and hypoxia D. nausea and vomiting

Answer: D Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1187

88. When immobilizing an injured child in a pediatric immobilization device, you should: A. secure the head before the torso. B. slide the device under the child. C. pad underneath the child's head. D. secure the torso before the head.

Answer: D Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1188

93. Burns in children are commonly caused by all of the following, EXCEPT: A. hot items on a stovetop. B. scalding water in a bathtub. C. exposure to caustic chemicals. D. entrapment in a structural fire.

Answer: D Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1192

Provide examples of biological agents.

Anthrax, plague, small pox, viral hemorrhagic fever, botulinum, Ricin

When administering supplemental oxygen to a hypoxemic patient with a chronic lung disease, you should: A. recall that most patients with chronic lung diseases are stimulated to breathe by increased carbon dioxide levels. B. adjust the flow rate accordingly until you see symptom improvement, but be prepared to assist his or her ventilations. C. begin with a low oxygen flow rate, even if the patient is unresponsive, because high-flow oxygen may depress his or her breathing. D. avoid positive-pressure ventilation because the majority of patients with chronic lung disease are at increased risk for lung trauma.

B. adjust the flow rate accordingly until you see symptom improvement, but be prepared to assist his or her ventilations.

The respiratory distress that accompanies emphysema is caused by: A. repeated exposure to cigarette smoke. B. chronic stretching of the alveolar walls. C. massive constriction of the bronchioles. D. acute fluid accumulation in the alveoli.

B. chronic stretching of the alveolar walls.

A young female is unconscious after intentionally ingesting a large amount of aspirin. You will MOST likely find her respirations: A. slow and deep. B. deep and rapid. C. slow and shallow. D. rapid and shallow.

B. deep and rapid.

A 30-year-old male presents with acute shortness of breath, widespread hives, and facial swelling. He denies any past medical history and takes no medications. During your assessment, you hear wheezing over all lung fields. His blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg and his heart rate is 110 beats/min. In addition to giving him 100% oxygen, the MOST important treatment for this patient is: A. albuterol. B. epinephrine. C. an antihistamine. D. a beta-antagonist.

B. epinephrine.

The two processes that occur during respiration are: A. ventilation and diffusion. B. inspiration and expiration. C. diffusion and oxygenation. D. oxygenation and ventilation.

B. inspiration and expiration.

Talking about an elderly patient in front of him or her to other members of the family: Select one: A. often causes the patient to become paranoid and untrusting of your help. B. may cause the patient to think that he or she has no say in making decisions. C. will anger the patient and result in his or her refusal to accept care or transport. D. is usually beneficial because the patient's cognitive skills are typically impaired.

B. may cause the patient to think that he or she has no say in making decisions.

A 60-year-old male presents with acute respiratory distress. He is conscious and alert, has pink and dry skin, and has respirations of 24 breaths/min with adequate depth. Which of the following treatment modalities is MOST appropriate for this patient? A. assisted ventilation with a bag-mask device and a head-to-toe exam B. oxygen via nonrebreathing mask and a focused secondary assessment C. positive-pressure ventilations and immediate transport to the closest hospital D. oxygen via a nasal cannula, vital signs, and prompt transport to the hospital

B. oxygen via nonrebreathing mask and a focused secondary assessment

When immobilizing a patient with a kyphotic spine to a long backboard, the EMT would MOST likely have to: Select one: A. force the head into a neutral alignment. B. place blankets behind the patient's head. C. secure the patient's head before the torso. D. use a scoop stretcher instead of a log roll.

B. place blankets behind the patient's head.

A 22-year-old female patient is complaining of dyspnea and numbness and tingling in her hands and feet after an argument with her fiancé. Her respirations are 40 breaths/min. You should: A. have her breathe into a paper or plastic bag. B. provide reassurance and give oxygen as needed. C. request a paramedic to give her a sedative drug. D. position her on her left side and transport at once.

B. provide reassurance and give oxygen as needed.

Because of the complexity of the older patient and the vagueness of his or her complaint, you should: Select one: A. limit your physical examination to the area of pain or injury. B. rely exclusively on family members for the medical history. C. attempt to differentiate between chronic and acute problems. D. perform a rapid assessment on all geriatric patients you treat.

B. rely exclusively on family members for the medical history.

Blood levels of medications may rise in the elderly, sometimes to toxic levels. This is MOST likely due to: Select one: A. pancreatic failure. B. renal insufficiency. C. intentional overdose. D. splenic dysfunction.

B. renal insufficiency.

When the level of arterial carbon dioxide rises above normal: A. the brain stem inhibits respirations. B. respirations increase in rate and depth. C. exhalation lasts longer than inhalation. D. respirations decrease in rate and depth.

B. respirations increase in rate and depth.

28. Drawing in of the muscles between the ribs or of the sternum during inspiration is called: A. tenting. B. retracting. C. hyperpnea. D. accessory muscle use.

B. retracting. Page 1161

Which of the following conditions would LEAST likely result in hypoxia? A. pleural effusion B. severe anxiety C. pulmonary edema D. prolonged seizures

B. severe anxiety

Harsh, high-pitched inspiratory sounds are characteristic of: A. rales. B. stridor. C. rhonchi. D. wheezing.

B. stridor.

The EMT should suspect left-sided heart failure in the geriatric patient who presents with: Select one: A. fever and a cough that produces green sputum. B. tachypnea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. C. jugular venous distention and peripheral edema. D. swelling of the lower extremities and weakness.

B. tachypnea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.

4. Which of the following statements regarding the dermis is correct? A. The dermis produces a substance that provides color to the skin. B. The dermis contains hair follicles, sweat glands, and nerve endings. C. The cells of the dermis are worn away and are constantly replaced. D. The dermis lies above the germinal layer and provides protection.

B. the dermis contains hair follicles, sweat glands, and nerve endings

Vitamins and minerals that are not stored in the body in substantial quantities and are subject to depletion include water-soluble _______ and vitamin ________

B; C

Which of the following sets of vital signs would the EMT MOST likely encounter in a patient with acute cocaine overdose?

BP, 200/100 mm Hg; pulse, 150 beats/min

A dysbarism injury refers to the signs and symptoms related to changes in:

Barometric pressure

Which toxicity level included materials that are extremely hazardous to health? Contact with these material require full protective gear so that none of your skin surface is exposed. A) Level 1 B) Level 2 C) Level 3 D) Level 4

C) Level 3

Which of the following statements regarding pulse oximetry is correct? A. The pulse oximeter is a valuable assessment tool that measures the percentage of red blood cells that contain hemoglobin molecules. B. Caution must be exercised when using the pulse oximeter on a patient with carbon monoxide poisoning because falsely low readings are common. C. Pulse oximetry measures the percentage of hemoglobin that is saturated with oxygen, but does not measure the actual hemoglobin content of the blood. D. Most otherwise healthy patients can maintain adequate oxygenation and good skin color with oxygen saturation readings as low as 70% to 80%.

C. Pulse oximetry measures the percentage of hemoglobin that is saturated with oxygen, but does not measure the actual hemoglobin content of the blood.

You are dispatched to a residence for a 67-year-old female who was awakened by shortness of breath and sharp chest pain. Her husband tells you that she was recently discharged from the hospital after having hip surgery. Your assessment reveals dried blood around her mouth, facial cyanosis, and an oxygen saturation of 88%. This patient's presentation is MOST consistent with: A. acute pulmonary edema. B. right-sided heart failure. C. acute pulmonary embolism. D. spontaneous pneumothorax.

C. acute pulmonary embolism.

Common causes of depression in the elderly include all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: A. chronic medical conditions. B. prescription medication use. C. an acute onset of dementia. D. alcohol abuse and dependence.

C. an acute onset of dementia.

While auscultating an elderly woman's breath sounds, you hear low-pitched "rattling" sounds at the bases of both of her lungs. With which of the following conditions is this finding MOST consistent? A. acute asthma attack B.widespread atelectasis C. aspiration pneumonia D. early pulmonary edema

C. aspiration pneumonia

You are assessing a 70-year-old female who complains of intense thirst, frequent urination, and dizziness. She has a history of type 2 diabetes, heart disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and gout. Her blood glucose reads "high." She is conscious, but confused. Her blood pressure is 92/52 mm Hg, her pulse rate is 130 beats/min and weak, and her respirations are 22 breaths/min and shallow. This patient's clinical presentation is MOST consistent with: Select one: A. diabetic ketoacidosis. B. hyperglycemia with moderate dehydration. C. hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome. D. acute renal failure with associated hyperglycemia.

C. hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome.

In a healthy individual, the brain stem stimulates breathing on the basis of: A. increased oxygen levels. B. decreased oxygen levels. In a healthy individual, the brain stem stimulates breathing on the basis of: A. increased oxygen levels. B. decreased oxygen levels. C. increased carbon dioxide levels. D. decreased carbon dioxide levels.

C. increased carbon dioxide levels.

An abdominal aortic aneurysm: Select one: A. is usually not repairable, even if discovered early. B. causes dull pain that often radiates to the shoulders. C. is often the result of hypertension and atherosclerosis. D. can sometimes be palpated as a mass in the groin area.

C. is often the result of hypertension and atherosclerosis.

In contrast to younger patients, older patients are more prone to a decrease in blood pressure (BP) upon standing because: Select one: A. their red blood cells are destroyed at a faster than normal rate. B. the aging process results in an overall increase in blood volume. C. the body is less able to adapt the BP to rapid postural changes. D. any change in position causes blood to be shunted to the brain.

C. the body is less able to adapt the BP to rapid postural changes.

a board that provides a firm surface under the patients torso and establishes an appropriate degree of head tilt

CPR board

Which of the following statements regarding interaction with the caregiver of a child or adult with special health care needs is correct?

Communication with the patient's caregiver or family members is important because they are the most familiar with the patient's condition.

________ is a term that uses a word root to describe color?

Cirrhosis

Which of the following is NOT performed when caring for a mother with a prolapsed cord?

Clamp and cut the cord

Which of the following is NOT true regarding deliver with a nuchal cord?

Clamp the cord, then suction the airway before cutting the cord

You are dispatched to a residence for a young female who is sick. The patient complains of a rash to her lower extremities and truncal area. Your assessment reveals a small, painful blister on her inner thigh. As your partner is taking the patient's vital signs, she states that she and her family returned from a camping trip 2 days ago. On the basis of this patient's presentation, you should suspect:

Lyme disease

Which of the following statements regarding methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is correct?

MRSA is a bacterium that causes infections and is resistant to most antibiotics.

A 29-year-old pregnant woman has had severe vomiting for the last 2 days. Today, she is vomiting large amounts of blood. Her skin is cool and pale and she is tachycardic. The EMT should suspect:

Mallory-Weiss tear.

If direct pressure fails to immediately stop severe bleeding from an extremity, you should apply:

a tourniquet proximal to the injury.

Down syndrome is a genetic defect that occurs as the result of:

a triplication of chromosome 21.

Which of the following is a genetic disorder that predisposes the patient to repeated lung infections?

Cystic fibrosis

A 77-year-old female presents with an acute onset of altered mental status. Her son is present and advises that she has a history of hypertension, atrial fibrillation, type 2 diabetes, and glaucoma. He further advises that she takes numerous medications and that she is normally alert. When you assess this patient, it is important to note that: Select one: A. because of her age and medical history, you should suspect Alzheimer disease. B. the patient is experiencing delirious behavior, which suggests a new health problem. C. her mental status is likely the result of hypoglycemia and you should give her sugar. D. dementia typically presents as an acute onset of deterioration of cognitive function.

D. dementia typically presents as an acute onset of deterioration of cognitive function.

A conscious and alert 29-year-old female with a history of asthma complains of difficulty breathing that began after her morning jog. The temperature outside is 40°F (5°C). On exam, you hear bilateral expiratory wheezing. After providing 100% oxygen, you should: A. place her in a recumbent position to facilitate breathing. B. contact medical control and administer an antihistamine. C. call medical control and ask how to proceed with treatment. D. determine if she has been prescribed a beta-agonist inhaler.

D. determine if she has been prescribed a beta-agonist inhaler.

At the onset of an acute asthma attack, patients commonly experience difficulty breathing and: A. audible stridor. B. rales and rhonchi. C. profound cyanosis. D. expiratory wheezing.

D. expiratory wheezing.

The leading cause of death in the geriatric patient is: Select one: A. hypertension. B. altered mental status. C. arthritis. D. heart disease.

D. heart disease.

In order for efficient pulmonary gas exchange to occur: A. the percentage of inhaled carbon dioxide must exceed the percentage of inhaled oxygen. B. there must be low quantities of pulmonary surfactant to allow for full alveolar expansion. C. the pulmonary capillaries must be completely constricted and the alveoli must be collapsed. D. oxygen and carbon dioxide must be able to freely diffuse across the alveolar-capillary membrane.

D. oxygen and carbon dioxide must be able to freely diffuse across the alveolar-capillary membrane.

You are dispatched to an apartment complex where a 21-year-old female has apparently overdosed on several narcotic medications. She is semiconscious and has slow, shallow respirations. You should: A. insert an oropharyngeal airway and perform oral suctioning. B. apply oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask and transport at once. C. insert a nasopharyngeal airway and begin assisted ventilation. D. place her in the recovery position and monitor for vomiting.

D. place her in the recovery position and monitor for vomiting.

A 59-year-old male with a history of emphysema complains of an acute worsening of his dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain following a forceful cough. Your assessment reveals that he has a barrel-shaped chest, unilaterally diminished breath sounds, and tachycardia. What is the MOST likely cause of this patient's condition? A. rupture of the diaphragm B. exacerbation of his COPD C. acute pulmonary embolism D. spontaneous pneumothorax

D. spontaneous pneumothorax

What is the most commonly used WMD?

Explosives

You respond to a 25-year-old man who has cut his arm with a circular saw. The bleeding appears to be bright red and spurting. The patient is alert and oriented and converses with you freely. He appears to be stable at this point. What is your first step in controlling his bleeding?

Following standard precautions

Are placards required for all hazardous material containers?

For the most part, yes, but sometimes only when a shipment is 1000lbs or more. Commercial package delivery services often carry small amounts of hazardous materials that fall below the weight limit, and will thus not display placards to warn you of danger.

What radiation can travel long distances, easily penetrates body and is significant external hazard risk to living things?

Gamma

Which organ or organ system has the greatest tolerance for lack of perfusion (shock)?

Gastrointestinal system

JumpSTART: If Pediatric patient is apneic with a palpable pulse, what do you do?

Give 5 rescue breaths. If spontaneous breathing, then label as Immediate (Red Tag). If continued Apnea, label with Expectant (Black Tag)

Which of the following infections, when left untreated, may lead to infection of the blood and brain?

Gonorrhea

CPR should be initiated when:

a valid living will is unavailable.

Which of the following statements regarding secondary brain injury is correct? A. It results from direct brain trauma following an impact to the head. B. Because cerebral edema develops quickly, it is considered to be a primary brain injury. C. Hypoxia and hypotension are the two most common causes of secondary brain injury. D. Signs are often present immediately after an impact to the head.

Hypoxia and hypotension are the two most common causes of secondary brain injury.

In which of the following situations should the EMT splint an injured limb in the position of deformity?

If resistance is encountered or the patient experiences severe pain

Which of the following statements regarding spinal injuries in pediatric patients is correct?

If the cervical spine is injured, it is most likely to be an injury to the ligaments because of rapid movement of the head.

What does Immediate mean in Triage and what is the color of their tag?

Immediate patients are highest priority. These patients have primary assessment problems or exhibit signs and symptoms of head injury or shock. They are Red Tagged.

What are the 4 triage categories?

Immediate, Delayed, Minor, Dead/Dying

Which of the following routes of medication administation has the fastest effect?

Intravenous

What is Cyanide also known as?

It is known as a blood agent.

Which of the following must be assessed in every respiratory patient?

Lung sounds

Which of the following organs or structures does NOT reside within the mediastinum?

Lungs

What will you look for during your 360 degree walk?

Mechanism of injury, downed power lines, leaking fuel or fluids, smoke or fire, broken glass, trapped or ejected patients, the number of patients and vehicles involved.

Which of the following refers to green or foul-smelling amniotic fluid?

Meconium staining

Which of the following is MORE common in children than in adults following a head injury?

Nausea and vomiting

What are signs and symptoms of acute radiation sickness?

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, headache, and skin lesions.

Which of the following assessment findings should concern the EMT the MOST when assessing a child who experienced a seizure?

Neck stiffness

A patient with hypoglycemia will often present with which of the following signs/symptoms?

Pale, cool, and clammy skin

Nerve agents cause excessive _____________ nervous system stimulation.

Parasympathetic

Which portion of the blood carries oxygen to and wastes away from body tissues?

Red blood cells

Down syndrome patients are at an increased risk for medical complications. Which of the following is NOT one of those potential complications?

Respiratory complications

True or False. (In a HazMat situation) To avoid the spread of contaminants, no bandage or splints are applied - except pressure dressings that are needed to control bleeding - until the "clean" decontaminated patient has been moved to the treatment area.

TRUE

A 69-year-old female was involved in a motor vehicle crash. She is semiconscious with a blood pressure of 80/50 mm Hg and a heart rate of 74 beats/min that is weak. Her daughter, who was uninjured in the crash, tells you that her mother has a history of hypertension and takes beta-blockers. Considering the fact that this patient is probably in shock, what is the MOST likely explanation for the absence of tachycardia?

The effects of her antihypertensive medication

What are the tasks under the Treatment Branch of Medical Incident Command?

Treatment supervisor establishes the necessary treatment areas based on patient priorities. Secondary Triage to be completed in each treatment area. Maintain security of treatment area. Assist with movement of patients to transport area.

What are the tasks under the Triage Branch of Medical Incident Command?

Triage (Sorting patients based on severity of injury),Triage supervisor will identify the number and severity of patients. Ensure movement of all patients to treatment area, ensure safety of all members. Communicate with rest of EMS branch on the progress of operations. Documentation of all activities.

What are the three Medical Incident Command functions?

Triage, Treatment, Transportation

The reasons for rescue failure can be referred to by the mnemonic FAILURE. According to this mnemonic, the "U" stands for: apprising the medical director of the nature of the call

Underestimating the logistics of the incident

START Triage - What do you do under the assessment for Perfusion?

Used the radial pulse to determine perfusion status. Remember that upper extremity trauma may affect distal circulation in that extremity. If radial pulse is absent, triage as Immediate (Red Tag) and move to next patient.

When should you begin protecting yourself so that you can remain safe on scene?

When you are dispatched

Most vehicles today are equipped with shock-absrobing bumpers (front and rear). From what side should you approach a vehicle during an accident?

You should approach from the sides, not the front or back. Bumpers become compressed in a collision and may spontaneously release.

If you are involved with extrication, what protective gear should you wear?

You should don leather gloves over your disposable gloves to proect you from injury due to ropes, broken glass, hot or cold objects or sharp metal. Additionally always wear eye protection.

Spina bifida is defined as:

a birth defect caused by incomplete closure of the spinal column.

Most prehospital cardiac arrests occur as the result of:

a cardiac dysrhythmia.

EMTs are dispatched for a fall. The patient, a 16-year-old female with Down syndrome, is experiencing difficulty walking and says that her fingers "feel like needles." The EMTs should suspect:

a cervical spine injury.

Organic brain syndrome is defined as:

a dysfunction of the brain caused by abnormal physical or physiological function.

Most patients with an infectious disease will have _________.

a fever

Spina bifida is a developmental defect in which:

a portion of the spinal cord or meninges protrudes outside of the vertebrae.

Characteristics of a safe ambulance operator include:

a positive attitude about the ability to tolerate other drivers

When transporting a patient with a facial injury, it is MOST important to be as descriptive as possible with the hospital regarding the patient's injuries because: a) a specialist may need to be called. b) they must make arrangements for an ICU bed. c) it saves time on repeat assessments at the hospital. d) most patients with facial trauma will need surgery.

a specialist may need to be called.

How would you treat a patient with an elbow injury who has a cold, pale hand; weak pulse; and poor capillary refill?

all of these answers are correct - apply gentle manual traction in line with the long axis of the limb - splint the elbow injury in the position in which you found it - notify medical control immediately

The meninges, along with the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that circulates in between each meningeal layer, function by: A. regenerating brain cells after they have been damaged. B. acting as a shock absorber for the brain and spinal cord. C. delivering oxygen directly to the CNS. D. producing leukocytes that protect the brain from infection.

acting as a shock absorber for the brain and spinal cord.

Which of the following is an example of altitude sickness?

all of these answers are correct - mountain sickness - high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) - high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE)

When there is evidence at an emergency scene that a crime may have been committed, you should

all of these answers are correct - notify the dispatcher immediately - avoid cutting through holes in clothing that were caused by weapons - avoid leaving footprints in the dirt or grass

STRIP used linens from the stretcher and place them in a plastic bag or designated receptacle. DISCARD medical waste in an appropriate receptacle. WASH contaminated areas with soap and water. DISINFECT all non-disposable equipment used for patient care during the call. CLEAN the stretcher, spillage or other contamination with an EPA-registered germicidal/virucidal solution or bleach/water solution. CREATE a schedule for the routine full cleaning of the emergency vehicle. REFER to manufacturers recommendations to create a written policy/procedure for cleaning each piece of equipment.

after each call perform the following regimen

The determination of whether a medical patient is a high-priority or low-priority transport is typically made:

after the primary assessment has been completed.

When a child is struck by a car, the area of greatest injury depends MOSTLY on the:

age of the child and the size of the car that struck him or her.

A 37-year-old male was pinned between a flatbed truck and a loading dock. On exam, you find bruising to the chest, distended neck veins, bilaterally diminished breath sounds, and bilateral scleral hemorrhaging. You should:

aggressively manage his airway.

fixed-wing and rotary-wing (known as helicopters) aircrafts that have been modified for medical care; used to evacuate medical and trauma patients to treatment facilities

air ambulances

A dispatcher assigns the appropriate EMS response unit based on which of the following factors?

all the above: Dispatchers determination of the nature and severity of the problem level of training of available EMS response units Anticipated response time to scene

which of the following is an example of information that can be gathered from a PCR?

all the above: time transferred time the EMS unit arrived time the incident was reported

Braxton-Hicks contractions are characterized by:

alleviation of pain with movement or changing positions.

Anaphylaxis

an extreme life threatening systemic allergic reaction that may include shock and respiratory failure. most common signs are wheezing from bronchoconstriction and urticaria associated with vasodilation

Good Samaritan laws are designed to protect

an individual who voluntarily gives emergency medical care in good faith and within the boundaries of his or her training

Asprin class

antianginal

A 60-year-old female presents with a tearing sensation in her lower back. Her skin is sweaty and she is tachycardic. The EMT should suspect:

aortic aneurysm.

The components of the pediatric assessment triangle (PAT) are

appearance, work of breathing, and skin circulation

EMTs are dispatched for a patient whose central venous catheter is malfunctioning. When they arrive and assess the patient, they find bleeding from the tubing attached to the line. The EMTs should:

apply direct pressure to the tubing and transport

Following direct trauma to the left upper back, a 44-year-old male presents with diaphoresis and restlessness. His blood pressure is 100/50 mm Hg, his pulse rate is 120 beats/min and weak, and his respirations are 24 breaths/min and labored. Your assessment reveals abrasions and contusions over the left scapula. You should:

apply high-flow oxygen, consider spinal precautions, and transport without delay.

A 52-year-old unrestrained female struck the steering wheel with her face when her truck collided with another vehicle. She has obvious swelling to her face and several dislodged teeth. A visual exam of her mouth reveals minimal bleeding. She is conscious and alert with a blood pressure of 130/80 mm Hg, a pulse of 110 beats/min, and respirations of 22 breaths/min with adequate tidal volume. You should: a) apply oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask, suction her airway as needed, disregard the dislodged teeth, and transport. b) assist ventilations with a bag-mask device, immobilize her spine, suction her oropharynx for 30 seconds, and transport. c) apply supplemental oxygen, immobilize her spine, attempt to locate the dislodged teeth, suction as needed, and transport. d) fully immobilize her spine, attempt to locate the dislodged teeth, tilt the backboard to the left side, and transport.

apply supplemental oxygen, immobilize her spine, attempt to locate the dislodged teeth, suction as needed, and transport.

Most cases of external bleeding from an extremity can be controlled by:

applying local direct pressure.

A 66-year-old male presents with bizarre behavior. His daughter states that he did not seem to recognize her and was very rude to her. The patient is conscious, and has a patent airway and adequate breathing. You should:

ask the daughter how her father normally behaves.

You are attempting to gain access to a patient who was injured when his truck struck another vehicle from behind. The patient is conscious and alert, but is screaming in pain. You try to open the door, but it is locked. You should:

ask the patient if he can unlock the door

When interacting with a developmentally disabled patient, the best approach is to:

ask your team members to wait until you can establish a rapport with the pt

Activated charcoal may be indicated for a patient who ingested:

aspirin.

You are treating a patient with an apparent emotional crisis. After the patient refuses treatment, you tell him that you will call the police and have him restrained if he does not give you consent. Your actions in this case are an example of

assault

as you begin to assess a patient suspected of anaphylactic shock what step would be done first

assess and treat for life threats

After your partner assumes manual in-line stabilization of the patient's head, you should: A. apply an appropriately sized rigid cervical collar. B. assess distal neurovascular status in the extremities. C. thoroughly palpate the patient's head for deformities. D. use four people to log roll the patient onto a backboard.

assess distal neurovascular status in the extremities.

During your assessment of a patient with blunt chest trauma, you note that the patient has shallow breathing and paradoxical movement of the left chest wall. You should:

assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask.

After administering activated charcoal to a patient, it is MOST important to:

be alert for vomiting.

Your 24 year old patient fell off a balance beam and landed on his arm. He is complaining of pain in the upper arm and there is obvious swelling. You know that swelling is a sign of:

bleeding

Physical signs of death can be presumptive or definitive. Which of the following BEST describes the definitive signs of death?

both: obvious mortal damage (decapitation) and/or dependent lividity; and rigor mortis and/or putrefaction (decomposition)

In most states, once a teenager becomes pregnant, she is considered

emancipated

Phases of an ambulance call include all of the following activities, EXCEPT:

emergency care provided at the scene

Vagal nerve stimulators may be an alternative treatment to medication for patients with:

chronic seizure disorders

The _____ is one of the most commonly fractured bones in the body.

clavicle

The MOST commonly fractured bone(s) in the body is/are the:

clavicle.

the process of removing dirt dust blood or other visible contaminants from a surface

cleaning

You are transporting a patient with blunt abdominal trauma. The patient is unstable and is experiencing obvious signs and symptoms of shock. Your estimated time of arrival at the hospital is less than 10 minutes. After treating the patient appropriately, you should:

closely monitor him and reassess him frequently.

You are attending to a 27-year-old male driver of a car. According to his passenger, the patient had been acting strangely while driving, then slumped forward against the steering wheel, apparently unconscious. The car drove off the road and struck a telephone pole. The patient remains unconscious, and physical assessment reveals only a large hematoma on his right forehead with no other physical signs. Your patient is a diabetic who had been under a lot of stress lately and may have missed meals. This is an example of a:

combination of a medical and trauma emergency.

Often the most important intervention for a sexual assault patient is _____ and transport to a facility with a staff specially trained to deal with this scenario.

comforting reassurance

A _____ fracture is a fracture in which the bone is broken into more than two fragments.

comminuted

You respond to an 18-year-old man who has been assaulted with a baseball bat. He was hit in the chest. He is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless. This condition is most likely related to:

commotio cordis.

Your presence is requested by law enforcement to assess a 33-year-old female who was sexually assaulted. The patient is conscious and obviously upset. As you are talking to her, you note an impressive amount of blood on her clothes in the groin area. Her blood pressure is 98/58 mm Hg, her pulse is 130 beats/min, and her respirations are 24 breaths/min. You should:

control any external bleeding, administer oxygen, and transport at once.

How should an injury that exposes the brain, eye, or other structures be managed?

cover exposed parts with a moist, sterile dressing

What should you do for a patient that reports pain, double vision, or decreased vision following a blunt injury about the eye?

cover the injured eye with metal shield, cover the other eye, and transport

What is defined as an established process to determine the qualifications necessary to be allowed to practice a particular profession, or to function as an organization?

credentialing

which of the following signs is commonly observed in patients with right sided heart failure

dependent edema

A patient with an altered mental status; high blood glucose levels; and deep, rapid breathing may have a condition known as __________.

diabetic ketoacidosis

The accumulation of ketones and fatty acids in blood tissue can lead to a dangerous condition in diabetic patients known as:

diabetic ketoacidosis.

Which of the following would NOT be a circumstance that many states would consider for emancipation of a minor?

employment WOULD be considered: - marriage - parenthood - armed services participation

The patient care report serves what functions

essential research record legal documentation education EXCEPT : indication for further treatment

Traction splints are used primarily to immobilize and secure fractures of the:

femur

Compartment syndrome most commonly occurs with a fractured tibia in adults or ______ in children.

forearm

A 67-year-old male presents with weakness, dizziness, and melena that began approximately 2 days ago. He denies a history of trauma. His blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg and his pulse is 120 beats/min and thready. You should be MOST suspicious that this patient is experiencing:

gastrointestinal bleeding.

Among the safety precautions you can take at the scene, it is not safe to __________

gently rock a vehicle to ensure that it will not move before attempting to extricate patients

The leading cause of death in the geriatric patient is:

heart disease.

Gastrointestinal bleeding should be suspected if a patient presents with:

hematemesis.

Blood in the urine is known as:

hematuria.

Use of a nonrebreathing mask or nasal cannula in a child is appropriate ONLY if:

his or her tidal volume is adequate.

The ability of a person's cardiovascular system to compensate for blood loss is MOST related to:

how rapidly he or she bleeds.\Early signs and symptoms of intra-abdominal bleeding include:

For a patient with a gastrointestinal complaint, it is MOST important for the EMT to _________.

identify whether the patient requires rapid transport

When obtaining a SAMPLE history from a patient with diabetes, it would be MOST important to determine:

if he or she has had any recent illnesses or excessive stress.

Gastric distention will MOST likely occur:

if you ventilate a patient too quickly.

Several attempts to adequately open a trauma patient's airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver have been unsuccessful. You should:

if you ventilate a patient too quickly.

Patients with which type of injury lie with the leg externally rotated, with the injured leg usually shorter than the opposite, uninjured limb?

injuries of the tibia and fibula

EMTs are called for an unresponsive infant. When they arrive, they find the mother holding her child. She advises that the child became limp, blue, and stopped breathing. Assessment reveals that the infant is conscious and crying, and has good muscle tone and pink skin color. The mother states that she will take her child to the doctor. The EMTs should:

inform that mother that, although the event seems to have resolved, transport via EMS is advisable.

A 2-month-old infant was found unresponsive in his crib by his mother. When you arrive, you determine that the infant is apneic and pulseless. His skin is pale and cold and his arms are stiff. You should:

inform the child's mother that her son is deceased.

Of the four avenues of poisoning, generally ___________ is the most worrisome in terms of treatment to the EMS provider.

injection

During your assessment of a patient who experienced blunt trauma to the abdomen, you notice bruising around the umbilicus. This is a sign of:

intra-abdominal bleeding.

Bleeding within the brain tissue itself is called a(n): A. epidural hematoma. B. intracerebral hematoma. C. subdural hematoma. D. intracranial hematoma.

intracerebral hematoma.

CPR retraining is the MOST effective when it:

involves hands-on practice.

You have just delivered a premature baby. Your assessment reveals that he is breathing adequately; however, his heart rate is 90 beats/min. You should:

keep him warm and ventilate with a BVM

You have just delivered a premature baby. Your assessment reveals that he is breathing adequately; however, his heart rate is 90 beats/min. You should:

keep him warm and ventilate with a BVM.

When documenting a call in which a female was sexually assaulted, you should

keep the report concise and record only what the patient stated in her own words

Common duties and responsibilities of EMS personnel at the scene of a motor vehicle crash include all of the following, EXCEPT:

keeping bystanders at a safe distance

Care for a patient with a fractured tibia and suspected compartment syndrome includes:

keeping the leg at the level of the heart

Care for a patient with a fractured tibia and suspected compartment syndrome includes:

keeping the leg at the level of the heart.

You arrive at the scene of a major motor vehicle crash. The patient, a 50-year-old female, was removed from her vehicle prior to your arrival. Bystanders who removed her state that she was not wearing a seatbelt. The patient is unresponsive, tachycardic, and diaphoretic. Your assessment reveals bilaterally clear and equal breath sounds, a midline trachea, and collapsed jugular veins. You should be MOST suspicious that this patient has experienced a:

laceration of the aorta.

The conjunctiva are kept moist by fluid produced by the: a) corneal duct. b) optic chiasma. c) lacrimal gland. d) posterior orbit.

lacrimal gland.

Because the depth of an open abdominal wound is often difficult to determine:

prompt transport to the hospital is essential.

When caring for a woman who is experiencing a gynecologic emergency, the EMT's main focus should be to:

maintain her ABCs and transport without delay.

The main function of the endocrine system is to _________.

maintain homeostasis

You and your EMT partner arrive at the residence of a 50-year-old man who complains of weakness. Your primary assessment reveals that he is critically ill and will require aggressive treatment. The closest hospital is 25 miles away. You should:

manage all threats to airway, breathing, and circulation and consider requesting an ALS unit.

The lower jawbone is called the: a) mandible. b) maxillae. c) mastoid. d) zygoma.

mandible.

When a patient experiences a severe spinal injury, he or she: A. will likely be paralyzed from the neck down. B. may lose sensation below the level of the injury. C. most commonly has a palpable spinal deformity. D. often loses motor function on one side of the body.

may lose sensation below the level of the injury.

While en route to a major motor vehicle crash, an on-scene police officer advises you that a 6-year-old male who was riding in the front seat is involved. He further states that the child was only wearing a lap belt and that the air bag deployed. On the basis of this information, you should be MOST suspicious that the child has experienced:

neck and facial injuries.

While examining a woman in labor, you see the umbilical cord protruding from the vagina. You should:

push the infant's head away from the cord.

The MOST common and significant complication associated with fractures or dislocations of the knee is:

neurovascular compromise.

How often will an EMT be held to the same standard of care as a physician?

never

Bacterial vaginosis is a condition that occurs when:

normal bacteria in the vagina are replaced by an overgrowth of other bacterial forms.

After determining that an infant or child has strong central pulses, you should:

not rule out compensated shock.

The medical term that means "never given birth" is__________

nullipara

The MOST accurate method for determining if you are delivering adequate tidal volume to a child during bag-valve mask ventilations is to:

observe the chest for adequate rise.

Facial injuries should be identified and treated as soon as possible because: a) the spine may be injured as well. b) of the risk for airway problems. c) bleeding must be controlled early. d) swelling may mask hidden injuries.

of the risk for airway problems.

In contrast to AMI, a dissecting aortic aneurysm:

often presents with pain that is maximal from the onset

Padding underneath the torso when immobilizing an injured child is generally not necessary if he or she is:

older than 8 to 10 years of age.

When preparing a pregnant patient for delivery, you should position her:

on a firm surface with her hips elevated 2 to 4 inches.

Most medical models base a pregnant woman's due date:

on the first day of her last menstrual cycle.

Hypotension, hypoventilation, and pinpoint pupils would be expected following an overdose of:

oxycodone (Percocet).

An EMT must give _____ to the possible donor or the organs will be damaged and become useless.

oxygen

While triaging patients at the scene of a motor-vehicle crash, you encounter a 5-year-old child who is unresponsive and apneic. After positioning his airway, you should:

palpate for a carotid pulse.

When assessing an infant's ventilation status, you should:

palpate the abdomen for rise and fall.

Injuries about the face and neck can often lead to

partial or complete obstruction of the upper airway

some pts with spina bifida have:

partial or full paralysis of the lower extremities

You have sealed the open chest wound of a 40-year-old male who was stabbed in the anterior chest. Your reassessment reveals that he is experiencing increasing respiratory distress and tachycardia, and is developing cyanosis. You should:

partially remove the dressing

A fracture caused by minimal force that is associated with diseases such as cancer and osteoporosis is called a __________ fracture.

pathologic

You are called to the local assisted living facility where a 94 year old man has fallen. He states that he was walking, heard a pop, and fell to the floor. You suspect a ____ fracture

pathologic

An older woman with osteoporosis presents with pain and deformity to her left hip after she shifted her weight onto her other foot. She has MOST likely experienced a(n):

pathologic fracture.

A functional disorder is a:

physiological disorder in the absence of a structural abnormality.

If a patient with vaginal bleeding presents with a rapid pulse and pale or cool skin, you should:

place the patient in a supine position with her legs elevated.

Which of the following would you NOT do when treating a patient with a piece of avulsed skin?

place the tissue directly on ice to keep the cells from necrotizing

The developing fetus receives nourishment from the mother through the

placenta

A 45-year-old female was the unrestrained passenger of a small car that rear-ended another vehicle at a moderate rate of speed. She is conscious and alert, but complains of pain to both of her knees. There is visible damage to the dashboard on the passenger's side of the vehicle. In addition to fractures or dislocations of the knees, you should be MOST suspicious for:

posterior hip dislocation

A 28-year-old male was struck in the chest with a baseball bat during an altercation. He is conscious and alert and complains of severe chest pain. Your assessment reveals a large area of ecchymosis over the sternum and a rapid, irregular pulse. In addition to providing supplemental oxygen, you should:

prepare for immediate transport.

Splinting will do all of the following EXCEPT:

prevent the need for surgery

Law enforcement personnel request your assistance to assess a 31-year-old female who was sexually assaulted. When you arrive at the scene, you find the patient sitting on a curb outside her apartment. She is conscious, alert, and crying. When you ask her what happened, she tells you that she does not want to be treated or transported to the hospital. She further tells you that all she wants to do is clean up. You should:

provide emotional support and visually assess her for obvious trauma.

Which of the following statements regarding gastrostomy (gastric) tubes is correct?

pts with a gastronomy tube may still be at risk for aspiration

A patient complaining of chest tightness, coughing up blood, and subcutaneous emphysema following an explosion may be suffering from a:

pulmonary blast injury.

A man called EMS 12 hours after injuring his chest. Your assessment reveals a flail segment to the right side of the chest. The patient is experiencing respiratory distress and his oxygen saturation is 78%. His breath sounds are equal bilaterally and his jugular veins are normal. You should suspect:

pulmonary contusion.

When activated, the sympathetic nervous system produces all of the following effects, EXCEPT: A. pupillary constriction. B. increase in heart rate. C. shunting of blood to vital organs. D. dilation of the bronchiole smooth muscle.

pupillary constriction.

A 13-year-old girl is found floating face down in a swimming pool. Witnesses tell you that the girl had been practicing diving. After you and your partner safely enter the water, you should

rotate the entire upper half of her body as a unit, supporting her head and neck

Blood levels of medications may rise in the elderly, sometimes to toxic levels. This is MOST likely due to:

renal insufficiency.

When treatment is refused, you must assess the person's ability to make an informed decision. Which of the following should you NOT do?

request law enforcement assistance SHOULD: - assess the patient's answers - observe the patient - ask and repeat questions

A young male has a musculoskeletal injury and is unresponsive. You will NOT be able to assess

sensory and motor functions

How does respiration differ from ventilation?

respiration is the process of gas exchange, whereas ventilation is the movement of air between the lungs and the environment

When an EMT is in doubt of DNR orders or the written orders are not present, what should he/she do?

resuscitate

Drawing in of the muscles between the ribs or of the sternum during inspiration is called:

retracting.

You respond to a residence for a patient who is "not acting right." As you approach the door, the patient, a 35-year-old male, begins shouting profanities at you and your partner while holding a baseball bat. The man is confused and diaphoretic, and is wearing a medical identification bracelet. You should:

retreat at once and call law enforcement.

a ventricular atrium shunt drains excess fluid from the ventricles of the brain into the:

right atrium of the heart

pts with gastric tubes w/ difficulty breathing should be transported sitting or lying on the:

right side, with the head elevated 30 degrees

this means the position of the vehicle on the roadway relative to the inside or outside edge of the paved surface. to keep the ambulance in the proper lane when turning a corner enter high in the lane (to the outside) and exit low (to the inside)

road positioning

Common complications associated with central venous catheters include all of the following, EXCEPT:

rupture of a central vein

Common complications associated with central venous catheters include all of the following, EXCEPT:

rupture of a central vein.

Which of the following is an example of a functional behavioral disorder?

schizophrenia

The white portion of the eye is called the: a) retina. b) cornea. c) iris. d) sclera.

sclera.

The stinger of a honey bee should be removed by

scraping the skin with the edge of a credit card

Which of the following nerves carry information from the body to the brain via the spinal cord? A. motor B. central C. somatic D. sensory

sensory

A 39 yr old man presents with cool and clammy skin, a blood pressure of 88/60 mmHg and a fever of 104.5. He has been fighting a bacterial infection for 3 days. Which of the following types of shock do you suspect?

septic

A tube from the brain to the abdomen that drains excessive cerebrospinal fluid is called a:

shunt

A tube from the brain to the abdomen that drains excessive cerebrospinal fluid is called a:

shunt.

this causes drivers to drive faster in the presence of sirens due to increased anxiety. requests for driver to yield the right-of-way drivers do not always do so.

siren syndrome

Which of the following joints allows no motion?

skull sutures

Sharing patient stories with relatives and friends could result in a legal claim of

slander

Some women experience ___________ during ovulation.

slight cramping

eating certain foods such as shellfish or nuts may result in a relatively WHAT reaction that still can be quite severe

slow

Patients who are anxious are generally going to have sweaty and cool skin, a fast pulse, and be emotionally upset. These patients will not have ___________

slow breathing

Moderate elevation in intracranial pressure with middle brain stem involvement is characterized by: A. increased blood pressure, bradycardia, reactive pupils, and rapid respirations. B. sluggishly reactive pupils, widened pulse pressure, bradycardia, and posturing. C. ataxic respirations, unequal pupils, no response to pain, and an irregular pulse. D. fixed and dilated pupils, decreased blood pressure, and irregular respirations.

sluggishly reactive pupils, widened pulse pressure, bradycardia, and posturing.

Which kind of muscle performs much of the automatic work of the body?

smooth muscle

When caring for a patient who is visually impaired, it is important to:

tell him or her what is happening, identify noises, and describe the situation and surroundings.

When caring for a patient who is visually impaired, it is important to:

tell him/her what is happening, identify noises, describe the situation and surroundings

During the physical examination of a patient who has soft-tissue injuries to the face and neck, you should use both your eyes and hands. What are your hands looking for?

tenderness

immune system

the body system that includes all of the structures and processes designed to mount a defense against foreign substances and disease-causing agents

central venous catheters are located in all of the following areas EXCEPT:

the lowre leg

Standard of care can be defined as

the manner in which you must act or behave

You respond to a 19 year old woman who was kicked in the leg by a horse. You should compare the limb to

the opposite uninjured limb

An open fracture is MOST accurately defined as a fracture in which:

the overlying skin is no longer intact.

A 77-year-old female presents with an acute onset of altered mental status. Her son is present and advises that she has a history of hypertension, atrial fibrillation, type 2 diabetes, and glaucoma. He further advises that she takes numerous medications and that she is normally alert. When you assess this patient, it is important to note that:

the patient is experiencing delirious behavior, which suggests a new health problem.

You receive a call to a residence for an apneic 2-month-old male. When you arrive at the scene, the infant's mother tells you that her son was born prematurely and that his apnea monitor has alarmed four times in the past 30 minutes. Your assessment of the infant reveals that he is conscious and active. His skin is pink and dry, and he is breathing at an adequate rate and with adequate tidal depth. His oxygen saturation reads 98% on room air. You should:

transport the infant to the hospital and bring the apnea monitor with you

A 70-year-old male complains of shortness of breath. During your assessment, you note that he has bilateral hearing aids. When you ask him questions related to his chief complaint, he does not answer you. You can hear a whistling sound coming from his hearing aids. You should:

try repositioning the hearing aid or remove it and turn down the volume

A 70-year-old male complains of shortness of breath. During your assessment, you note that he has bilateral hearing aids. When you ask him questions related to his chief complaint, he does not answer you. You can hear a whistling sound coming from his hearing aids. You should:

try repositioning the hearing aid or remove it and turn down the volume.

Gently pinching the skin on the patient's forehead or the back of the hand will test the skin's

turgor

You are transporting an immobilized patient with severe facial trauma. As you are preparing to give your radio report to the hospital, the patient begins vomiting large amounts of blood. You should: a) turn the backboard onto its side. b) reassess his breathing adequacy. c) quickly suction his oropharynx. d) alert the hospital of the situation.

turn the backboard onto its side.

Fracture of the tibia and fibula are sometimes associated with ____ as a result of the distorted positions of the limb following injury.

vascular injury

Nitroglycerin MOA

vasodilate arteries and veins, vasodilation of veins decreases preload

As an EMT working in a cold environment, your ______ must also be properly maintained and equipped for a cold environment.

vehicle

this awareness of emergency vehicle size and weigh improves the drivers ability to maneuver and judge distance.

vehicle size and distance judgment

After state law, which medical professional further defines your scope of practice?

your medical director

Which of the following statements about records and reports is FALSE?

your patient care report does not become a part of the patient's hospital record because your treatment was provided outside the hospital TRUE: - legally, if an action was not documented, it was not performed - a complete, accurate report is an important safeguard against legal problems - an incomplete or untidy patient care report is evidence of incomplete or inexpert emergency medical care

When handling a delivery involving a drug or alcohol addicted mother, your first concern should be for:

your personal safety