Abeka 7th Grade History, Chapter 14 Review
Which two churches controlled the most territory in Europe around 1600?
Catholic and Lutheran
Name the two great empires that controlled much of Europe in the 17th century.
Holy Roman Empire; Ottoman Empire
987
Hugh Capet crowned; birth of the French nation
Compare Martin Luther's response to the "Twelve Articles" with the peasants' reaction to his response.
Martin Luther advised the nobles to "let down their stubbornness and oppression so that the poor people could get air and room to live." If they did not, the common people would rise up. He advised the common people to be patient and not revolt. The peasants' response to Luther was not a good one. They felt they had been betrayed and decided not to be patient but to take matters into their own hands and rise up against the nobles.
Moors
Muslims
1555
Peace of Augsburg
1648
Peace of Westphalia
Helvetia
Switzerland under the Roman Empire
1499
Switzerland won independence
Explain the consequences of mixing church and state in Germany.
The mixing of church and state produced a cold, formal Protestant church in which belief and practice stemmed from the dictates of government rather than the free choice of congregations in the light of their understanding of the Bible. Also, those who did not agree with the state church were often persecuted for their beliefs.
Ignatius Loyola
a Spanish soldier who began the Jesuits
Hapsburg Family
a family prominent in European politics for almost 900 years
"Twelve Articles"
a list of the peasants' grievances
Jesuits
a religious group formed by Loyola that became the "spiritual arm" for the Counter-Reformation
Holland
also called the Netherlands; independent nation of the Thirty Years' War
Prince Henry the Navigator
an avid sailor and explorer who helped Portugal lead the way in the great age of exploration
Gaul
ancient name for France
Counter-Reformation
attempted to produce certain limited changes (mostly in the morals of the clergy) within the Roman church
Austria
border country of Switzerland; home of the Hapsburgs
Peasants' Revolt
from 1524 - 1525, peasants robbed and plundered in the streets daily
Peace of Augsburg
gave official approval to the territorial, state-established church concept in Germany
Thirty Years' War
mainly a civil war in Germany and the Holy Roman Empire over religious and political issues
Hispania
name of Spain given by the Romans
Switzerland
nation of neutrality
territorial churches
official government churches to which everyone had to belong
Peace of Westphalia
signed in 1648 and renewed the same religious situation that had existed before the war
Margrete of Denmark
the "lady king" who united the countries of Scandinavia under one empire
Ferdinand II
the Holy Roman Emperor who was determined to return Bohemia to Romanism by force, if necessary
Pedro Cabral
the Portuguese explorer who discovered Brazil
Bartolomeu Dias
the Portuguese explorer who sailed all the way to the tip of Africa, the Cape of Good Hope
Vasco de Gama
the first European to reach India by sailing around Africa
Gustavus Adolphus
the great Lutheran warrior-king of Sweden who won many victories for the Protestant forces before he was killed in battle
Vikings
the inhabitants of ancient Scandinavia
Isabella and Ferdinand
the joint rulers of Castile and Aragon who drove Jews and Muslims out of Spain
Charlemagne
the king under whose rule the Frankish kingdom reached its greatest extent
Christian IV
the king who became the champion of Lutheran Protestantism
Hugh Capet
the king whose coronation marks the birth of the French nation
John I
the king whose reign marked the beginning of Portugal's greatest days of glory
