Abeka 7th Grade Science, Chapter 4 Review

SPF

(short for sun protection factor) a measure of how well a sunscreen protects against UV rays

How many hours of sleep does the average preteen or young teenager need every night?

8 - 10

Why should you limit your intake of foods with added sugars?

Added sugars give calories without added nutrients.

Discuss the benefits the Christian gains from regular Bible reading and prayer.

By reading the Bible, a Christian can know more about how God is and what He expects. The Scriptures can reveal and help correct sin to allow the person to conform to Christ's image. Through prayer, the Christian can talk to God to make requests known to Him, obtain forgiveness from sin, and receive comfort in difficult situations.

Explain why coffee can cause restlessnes and anxiety.

Coffee contains caffeine. Caffeine is a stimulant drug, so excessive consumption will stimulate the nervous system, causing restlessness and anxiety.

Discuss healthy habits that help you maintain personal cleanliness, explaining why each is important.

daily bathing - helps prevent bacteria from growing on the body; daily changing clothes - prevents odors; face washing - helps prevent pimples and acne; hand washing - helps prevent disease transmission; keeping nails neat and trimmed - helps reduce disease transmission and prevent hangnails, bleeding, and ingrown toenails; tooth brushing and flossing - prevent dental caries (and other diseases of the teeth and gums); regularly shampooing hair - helps maintain good appearance

first-degree burn

damages only epidermis. Treat by rinsing the burn with cool water and covering it loosely with a dry, sterile bandage

second-degree burn

damages the epidermis and the top of the dermis. If the burned area is small, treat it the same as a first-degree burn and elevate the burned area. If it is large or on the face, get medical help.

third-degree burn

destroys the epidermis and dermis and damages the subcutaneous layer. Call 911 immediately; while waiting, cover the wound with moist clothes; keep the victim sitting up if the burn is facial.

dental caries

disease caused by bacteria inside the mouth attacking the teeth with acid; also called tooth decay and cavities

cardiovascular disease

disease of the heart and blood vessels

noninfectious disease

disease that is not caused by a pathogen and does not spread from person to person

infectious disease

disease that occurs when a pathogen invades the body

pathogen

disease-causing organism

List ways to prevent a kitchen fire.

do not leave cooking unattended; use a timer to remind your to check food regularly; keep cooking area clean; turn pot handles away from the front of the stove; avoid wearing loose clothing; heat cooking oil slowly so the oil does not splatter

over-the-counter drug

drug that can be purchased without a prescription

List the dangerous effects of smoking tobacco.

effects of nicotine (headaches, irritability, weakened sense of taste and smell, increased blood pressure, unhealthy stress on the heart); tar buildup on lungs; lung cancer; throat cancer; emphysema

heroin

extremely addictive opioid that is completely illegal in the United States

ultraviolet radiation

form of energy that comes from the sun's ray and can cause sunburns, premature aging, and skin cancer

saturated fats

found in food made from animal products, usually solid at room temperature

unsaturated fats

found in vegetable oils, usually liquid at room temperature

List healthy behaviors that can help prevent heart attacks.

healthy eating; exercising; abstaining form tobacco and alcohol

training heart rate

heart rate that should be maintained for at least 10 minutes in vigorous aerobic activity; also called target heart rate

allergy

immune disease that occurs when the immune system becomes oversensitive to an allergen

cuticle

in a human, the layers of dead skin cells at the base of a fingernail or toenail

List ways infectious disease spread.

infected people; fomites; vectors; contaminated food or water

What fifth category of drugs that vary in their effects and do not fit into any of the other four categories?

inhalants

drug abuse

intentionally using drugs for nonmedical purposes

List the basic guidelines to follow in any medical emergency.

keep calm; get emergency help; make sure the scene is safe; identify severity

malnutrition

lack of proper nutrition because of a poor diet

List benefits of regular physical activity.

making muscles stronger; increasing muscle coordination; helping attain and maintain a healthy weight; aiding mental and emotional health

What is the most prevalent illegal drug in the United States?

marijuana

How does cancer spread from one part of the body to another?

metastasis

bacteria

microscopic, unicellular organisms

trace elements

mineral nutrients needed in extremely small amounts

RICE treatment

most effective first-aid treatment for muscle injuries, which involves rest, ice, compression, and elevation

sprain

muscle injury in which ligaments around a joint are stretched or torn

strain

muscle injury in which the muscle tissue is overstretched to the point of tearing

Explain the consequences of attempting to push your muscles beyond what they are able to do when exercising.

muscle soreness, strains, sprains

virus

nonliving pathogen that consists of a geometric capsid and the information needed to produce a new virus

How can you best avoid getting AIDS?

obeying God's commands by avoiding homosexuality, abstaining for premarital sex, staying faithful in marriage, and avoiding drug abuse

fomite

object that can transmit pathogens left on it after it is touched by an infected person

sebum

oily substance produced by the sebaceous glands

withdrawal

painful and sometimes deadly sickness that occurs when a dependence-causing drug is no longer taken

aerobic activity

physical activity that maintains a raised heart rate and breathing rate

fiber

polysaccharide that cannot be broken down by the body into sugars

basal metabolic rate

rate of metabolism representing the amount of energy the body needs to function at rest

sebaceous glands

sebum-producing oil gland in the dermis

What are the two main types of fractures?

simple (closed) and compound (open)

depressants

slows body functions

stimulants

speed up nervous system, increase heart rate and blood pressure, cause lungs to work faster, and make the body feel more energetic and alert

emotion

strong feeling that is usually expressed in a physical way

drug

substance (other than food or water) taken into the body that causes changes in the body

vaccine

substance that causes the body to produce memory cells and antibodies against a pathogen without actually causing the disease

allergen

substance that the body reacts to due to an oversensitivity

Calorie

the amount of heat energy required to heat 1 kg of water by 1 degree; equal to 1,000 kilocalories

amino acids

the building blocks of proteins

cocaine

the most powerful and dangerous natural stimulant

plaque

thin, sticky film formed on the teeth by the bacteria in the mouth

What are the best ways to deal with emotions?

through prayer and Scripture

adolescence

time when a young person changes into an adult

Why is it important to stretch before and after exercise?

to avoid straining muscles and avoid muscle soreness

drug tolerance

user's body becomes accustomed to the drug, requiring increased doses to produce the same effect

drug dependence

user's body or mind requires the drug to function correctly

drug misuse

using drugs for medical purposes without following the prescribed directions

pimple

white or black mound developed by the skin because of a clogged and infected sebaceous gland

Whose responsibility is it to keep your body working correctly?

yours

Explain why maintaining a healthy weight requires a balance between a healthy diet and exercise.

The Calories consumed daily must equal the Caloriees used when exercising.

Why are viruses not considered living things?

They do not have cells and do not grow, respond to changes, or perform metabolism.

acne

condition that occurs when many sebaceous glands become infected

What is the relationship between HIV and AIDS?

HIV is the pathogen that causes the disease AIDS.

Why should an athlete drink more water than the average person?

His increated water use (sweating, metabolism, etc.) requires increased water intake.

hallucinogens

affect the senses and cause hallucinations

carbohydrates

an important group of nutrients that includes sugars and starches

crack

an impure form of cocaine that is even more powerful than pure cocaine

vector

animal that can carry a disease and transmit it to humans

mineral

any nutrient that originates from nonliving materials like the rocks of the earth

coronary artery disease

artherosclerosis of the coronary arteries

How can you best avoid the pain and shame of drug abuse?

avoid the first use

melanoma

cancer of the cells that produce melanin

opioids (narcotics)

cause drowsiness, give a high, and can relieve pain

common cold

common infectious disease caused by a virus; is usually not severe but is inconvenient and can lead to serious conditions

methamphetamine

commonly abused stimulant; causes severe effects on the nervous, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems

arrhythmia

condition in which the heart beats abnormally