Abeka Science Matter and Energy Test 1

P=m/v

formula to calculate density of a necklace

V object=V final- V inital

formula to calculate the volume of a plastic toy giraffe

What property causes matter to resist changes in motion?

inertia

What prefix means one-thousandth?

mili-

inductive reasoning

reasoning from specific evidence to a general conclusion

Mass

the amount of matter in an object

Criteria

the minimum characteristics that a design must have to function

Matter

the substance of the physical world

What's the purpose of Inductive Reasoning

to determine cause and effect

What fallacy occurs when a single term is ambiguously used with 2 different meanings in a single argument?

Equivocation

An engineer is designing a fling car. he has decided that the car must be able to fly for at least an hour on one tank of gas and that it must have seat belts for safety. Which of these 2 characteristics (flighttime or seat belts) is a criterion? How do you know?

Flight tim; the car must mee this characteristic to function

What is the best way to determine the volume of a large, irregularly shaped solid?

Fluid Displacement

d=P substances/Pwater

Formula for specific gravity of platinum

F=9/5 (c+40)-40

Formula to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit

The statement "If sil is rich in nitrogen, then grass will grow in it" is what type of statment?

Hypothetical proposition

Falsifiable hybothesis

If some datat could exist that would prove a hypothesis to be incorrect

What statement best explains hous mathematics and science are related to each other?

Mathematics is the language of science

temperature

Measure of an object's thermal energy

Predicting the difference in the flight distance of a hand launched airplane and a rubber band launched airplane is an example of what method of reasoning?

Method of Difference

Alex measured the length of a local swimming pool as 52.3 and the width as 24.6. Using the formula A=LW he calculated the are of the pool as 1286.58. Did Alex use significant digits correctly, and why?

No, he shold have rounded to 3 significant digits

Which step of the scientific method involves organizing data and researing the findings of other scientists' data?

Observing

Calculate density of metal with volume and mass

P=m/v

Emma built several model cars with the exact shape, proportions and appearance as the cars they represented. What type of model did she build?

Physical Model

What logical fallacy involves assuming that one thing causes another because it occurred before the other?

Post hoc fallacy

Mackenzie threw 3 darts at a target. The darts landed close to each other. She measured how close the darts landed to the center of the target. The measured distances were 20.3 cm, 18.7 cm, and 19.5 cm. Are her throws accurate or precise? Explain

Precise but not accurate; they are close to each other but far from the target.

A structural engineer is designing a walkway for a pair of adjacent skyscrapers. The buildings' owners want a walkway connecting the skyscrapers' 45th floors. They have given the engineer specifications for the size of thw alkway, the maximum cost of materials, and construction, and factors like safety. According to the engineering design process, what is the next step for engineer?

Research and develop possible solutions to the problem

Which step in the scientific method involves formulating a tenative explanation to answer a scientific problem?

Concluding

K= c+273.15

Converting from Celsius to Kelvin

What power of 10 does Kilo represnt?

10(3)

The sum of 9.21, 12.2, and 13.022 is 34.432. What is the answer using correct significant digits?

34.4

Convert Fahrenheit to Celsius

5/9 (F ⁻ 32)

How many significant digits are in 1000.10

6

.0000090 in scientific notation

9.0 x 10 (-6)

To test the hypothesis that nitrogen helps plants grow better, Eli planted rye-grass seeds in 3 different mixtures of soil and nitrogen-containing liquid fertilizer. Each mixtur had the same amount of soil. The first had 5ml of fertilizer, the 2nd had 10 ml, and the 3rd had 15 ml. each sample was kept in the same location and received an dqual amount of water and sunlight. Which of the following would be best used as a control group and why?

A group with no ferterlizer, to test the growth of plants without added nitrogen

Force

A push or a pull

Inference

A statement of fact in logic

Weight

Amount of gravitational pull on an object

What metric prefix represents a unit to the power of 10 (-2)

Centi

When baking soda is added to a a container of vineagar, gas is produced. Does this represent a physical change or a chemical change? Why?

Chemical change; the gas is a new substance

A sscientist is performing an experiment with an object falling in air. His hypothesis is that the time the object takes to fall will be directly proportional to the height from which the object is dropped; if this is true, a graph of fall time versus height will be a straight line. When he graphs his data, the graph is clearly curved, not a straight line. He decides that there must be and error in his measurements and concludes that the hypothesis should be accepted. Explain how 3 of the 4 limitations of science apply to this experiment adn to the scientist's conclusion

SCOPE: the scope of science is limited to the stuf of created matter and energy in the present. The schientist's experiment is within this scope BIAS: bias is in science leads one to see and bleive what he wants to be true. The scientist is biased because he concluded that his hypothesis is correct eve though the data does not support the hypothesis ASSUMPTION: science relies on assumptions. The schientist assumed the law of causality( that every effect has a cause and that the same cause will produce the sam effect) APPROXIMATION: science can provided only apporximate descriptions of how the world works. Even if the scientist had made a correct conclusion, it would apply only to the specific situation of his experiment. It is possible that the conclusion doesn't apply in other situations

Reproducibility

The ability of other scientists to reach the same clonclusion by performing the same experiment under different conditions

Energy

The ability to do work

Volume

The amount of space an object occupies

Accuracy

The closeness of a measuremnt to the quantity's actual value

SI (international System of Measurement)

The system of measurement accepted as the standard for scientific and technical purposes.

Calculate volume of retangular prism

V=LWH

number written in standard from with a positive exponent

a large number...move the decimal point to the right the number times of the exponent.

Specific Gravity

a ratio of the density of a substance to the density of a standard substance

number written in standard from with a negaitve exponent

a small number...move the decimal point to the left the number times of the exponent.

Standard of Measure

a specific measure to which other measures are compared to ensure uniformity

Metric System

a system of measurement that adds a prefix to each basic unit to make it larger or smaller

The statment: "If an object is made of iron, it will not float in water. This object is made of iron. Therefore it will not float in water." What does this statment demonstrate?

affirming the antecedent

Kilogram

an SI unit for mass

What items will float in water? (p=1.0 g/cm3)

anything with a p= less than 1 (so maple wood p=.75g/cm3)

A child said that is a person crosses his eyes too much, then they will stay crossed.He claimed that his friends should believe him because his father is a doctor. What logical fallacy did he commit?

argument from authority

Inference

conclusion based on reasoning from evidence