Abnormal Psych Ch. 9, 10

Jim wants to stop drinking, but when he does stop, he starts to feel sick with nausea and vomiting. What diagnosis would you give Jim?

alcohol use disorder

Which reason for the recent increases in gambling disorder was postulated?

alcoholism

Which of these is NOT a current explanation for gambling disorder?

ineffective parenting

Of all adolescents and adults in the United States, _____ percent have a substance use disorder.

7.8

Gregg has recently been hospitalized for an eating disorder, and his therapist prescribes an antidepressant. Gregg MOST likely has:

bulimia nervosa.

Surveys in several Western countries suggest that between _____ percent of women develop a full case of bulimia nervosa.

0.5 and 5

When individuals with gambling disorder lose money repeatedly, they often:

gamble more.

It is estimated that, at most, approximately _____ percent of teenagers and college students suffer from gambling disorder.

10

In studies investigating the presence of a genetic predisposition to substance dependence, it was found that, in _____ percent of cases, if one identical twin abuses alcohol the other twin will also abuse alcohol.

50

At most, _____ percent of the population have binge-eating disorder.

7

Lateral Hypothalamus

A brain region that produces hunger when activated.

Ventromedial Hypothalamus

A brain region that produces hunger when activated.

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

A cluster of problems in a child, including low birth weight, irregularities in the hands and face, and intellectual deficits, caused by excessive alcohol intake by the mother during pregnancy.

Anorexia Nervosa

A disorder marked by the pursuit of extreme thinness and by an extreme loss of weight.

Binge-eating Disorder

A disorder marked by the pursuit of extreme thinness and by an extreme loss of weight.

Bulimia Nervosa

A disorder marked by the pursuit of extreme thinness and by an extreme loss of weight.

Delirium Tremens (the DT's)

A dramatic withdrawal reaction experienced by some people with alcohol use disorder. It consists of confusion, clouded consciousness, and terrifying visual hallucinations.

LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide)

A hallucinogenic drug derived from ergot alkaloids.

Morphine

A highly addictive substance derived from opium that is particularly effective in relieving pain.

Opium

A highly addictive substance made from the sap of the opium poppy seed.

Crack

A powerful, ready-to-smoke freebase cocaine.

Hallucinogens

A substance that causes powerful changes, primarily in sensory perception, including strengthening perceptions and producing illusions and hallucinations. Also called a psychedelic drug.

Freebasing

A technique for ingesting cocaine in which the pure cocaine basic alkaloid is chemically separated from processed cocaine, vaporized by heat from a flame, and inhaled through a pipe.

Which substance is NOT an example of a stimulant?

Alcohol

Cocaine

An addictive stimulant obtained from the coca plant. It is the most powerful natural stimulant known.

What drug might someone use to detox from alcohol?

Antabuse

How do barbiturates affect the central nervous system?

Barbiturates bind to the receptors that normally respond to GABA. Then, they help GABA inhibit neuronal firing.

Sedative-hypnotic Drugs / Anxiolytic

Drugs used in low doses to calm people and in higher doses to help people sleep.

Which painkiller is MOST commonly linked to opioid overdose deaths?

Fentanyl

The suicide rate among people with anorexia nervosa is _____ the rate found in the general population.

Five Times

Ken used alcohol and benzodiazepines for over a year, developing a tolerance to the substances. If he suddenly stops taking the drugs, which of these will MOST likely apply to his body's response?

His body's natural supply of GABA will be low for a time, producing symptoms of withdrawal.

Which musician died because of the effects of anorexia nervosa on his or her body?

Karen Carpenter

Malik regularly consumes large amounts of alcohol. His girlfriend has noticed that at least twice a week, he engages in an episode of binge-drinking and has done so for the entire year that they have been dating. Which would be an accurate description of Malik's drinking behaviors?

Malik is a heavy drinker.

Endorphins

Neurotransmitters that help relieve pain and reduce emotional tension. They are sometimes referred to as the body's own opioids.

Which eating disorder is found in equal numbers of males and females?

None of the eating disorders are found in equal numbers of males and females.

Barbiturates

One group of sedative-hypnotic drugs that reduces anxiety and helps produce sleep.

Heroin

One of the most addictive substances derived from opium.

Opiodids

Opium, drugs derived from opium, and similar synthetic drugs. Also known collectively as narcotics.

Which statement does NOT provide support for Hilde Bruch's psychodynamic theory of eating disorders?

People with eating disorders do not allow their parents to define their needs.

Which of these is NOT used to support the claim that depressive disorders help set the stage for eating disorders?

Several biological genes known to cause eating disorders have been isolated in the human genome; there is strong evidence that these genes also play a role in the development of depression.

Amenorrhea

The absence of menstrual cycles

Benzodiazepines

The most common group of antianxiety drugs, which includes Valium and Xanax.

Enmeshed Family Pattern

The weight level that a person is predisposed to maintain, controlled in part by the hypothalamus.

Weight Set Point

The weight level that a person is predisposed to maintain, controlled in part by the hypothalamus.

Relapse is a major problem for people who suffer from bulimia nervosa. Studies have found certain factors that more accurately predict future relapse after successful treatment. Which of these is NOT one of those factors?

There was at least one other diagnosable mental illness that co-occurred with the bulimia nervosa.

Relapse is a major problem for those suffering from bulimia nervosa. Researchers have identified certain factors that more accurately predict future relapse after successful treatment. Which is NOT one of those factors?

There was at least one other diagnosable mental illness that co-occurred with the bulimia nervosa.

Which is NOT a similarity that individuals with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa share?

They tend to be sexually experienced.

Vera and Wendy both suffer from eating disorders. Vera has anorexia nervosa while Wendy has bulimia nervosa. Who is MOST likely to be helped by cognitive-behavioral therapy?

Wendy

Korsakoff's Syndrome

a disease marked by extreme confusion, memory loss, and other neurological symptoms

Inhibitory Message

a message to stop firing—when it is received at certain neurons. When alcohol binds to receptors on those neurons, it apparently helps GABA to shut down the neurons, thus helping to relax the drinker

According to the text, after correcting the dangerous eating habits associated with an eating disorder, the secondary goal of treatment is to:

address the broader psychological and situational factors that lead to an eating problem.

When does anorexia nervosa typically begin?

after a person of normal weight has been on a diet

The BEST form of treatment for substance use disorders is:

an integration of multiple therapeutic approaches.

Which is NOT among the conditions marijuana was used to treat in lands outside of the United States over 2,000 years ago?

anxiety

Amphetamines were first produced in the 1930s to help treat:

asthma

Cary excessively uses sedative-hypnotic drugs to relax. Which drug is she MOST likely using?

barbiturate

Clinicians have observed that the parents of teenagers with eating disorders tend do all of the following EXCEPT:

become absent from the lives of their children.

In _____ approaches, patients are given rewards whenever they eat properly or gain weight.

behavioral weight-restoration

Which is a sedative-hypnotic drug?

benzodiazepine

A person who displays many of the behaviors of bulimia nervosa but does not engage in compensatory behaviors would MOST likely be diagnosed with:

binge-eating disorder.

After ingesting cocaine, Jan experiences hallucinations and delusions, a condition called:

cocaine-induced psychosis.

Generally, behavioral treatments work best in combination with either biological or _____ approaches.

cognitive

A behavioral approach that has been effective in the short-term treatment of people who are addicted to cocaine and several other drugs is:

contingency management.

LaRon is receiving treatment for a cocaine addiction. Each time he submits a drug-free urine specimen, he is given a reward. This type of behavioral treatment is called:

contingency management.

All of the following are compensatory behaviors used by people with bulimia nervosa EXCEPT:

counting calories.

Marcus is suffering from a serious painkiller addiction. His family has convinced him that he needs help, and he has agreed to enter a treatment facility to "get clean." The first thing that will be essential to Marcus's recovery is for him to undergo _____, which refers to systematic and medically supervised withdrawal from a drug.

detoxification

Dr. Lee has his clients progressively reduce their substance use over time until they are off the drug completely. This is one form of:

detoxification.

Persephone comes from a family in which everyone is overly involved in the lives of the others. Although everyone is affectionate and loyal, they tend to cling to each other. As a teen, she feels that her desire for independence is somehow harming the family's sense of closeness and harmony. Her family displays an _____ family pattern.

enmeshed

A proposed biological explanation for gambling disorder contends that people with gambling disorder:

experience heightened dopamine activity in the brain's reward center when they gamble.

One personality trait that often precedes the development of anorexia nervosa is:

perfectionism.

Marley has been diagnosed with anorexia nervosa. As part of her treatment, Marley has been correcting her eating patterns, addressing many of the psychological and situational factors that underlie her eating disorder. She is also regularly taking medication. In addition to these interventions, Marley might also benefit from _____ therapy.

family

Research has found that _____ therapy can be invaluable in the treatment of anorexia nervosa, although the exact nature of why this effect is seen is not yet clear.

family

For children and adolescents, which therapy has been shown to enhance the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy?

family therapy

One manner in which cocaine is ingested is through _____, which is a technique in which the pure cocaine basic alkaloid is chemically separated from processed cocaine, vaporized with a flame, and inhaled through a pipe.

free-basing

Chen took a drug that caused synesthesia. He is MOST likely to report:

hearing colors

Until recently, methamphetamine use had been much more prevalent _____ parts of the United States; currently, methamphetamine-linked emergency room visits are rising in hospitals _____ parts of the country.

in western; throughout all

In addition to repeated episodes of bingeing, followed by compensatory behaviors lasting three months, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) also requires _____ to qualify for a diagnosis of bulimia nervosa.

inappropriate influence of weight and shape on appraisal of oneself

The difference between marijuana today and marijuana from the 1970s is that marijuana today:

is more potent.

Britta has recently been diagnosed with anorexia nervosa, and she is seeing a therapist to start the process of recovery. As the therapist does his initial assessment, he notices that Britta has developed _____, which is fine, silky hair that is covering her face, arms, and legs.

lanugo

Stimulation of the _____ has been shown to activate eating behaviors, while stimulation of the _____ inhibits them.

lateral hypothalamus; ventromedial hypothalamus

A proposed cognitive explanation for gambling disorder contends that people with gambling disorder:

make repeated cognitive mistakes such as inaccurate expectations.

Compared to people with anorexia nervosa, people with bulimia are at a greater risk for all of the following EXCEPT:

malnourishment.

Samantha's methamphetamine use got out of control last year, and she is now seeing a family-social therapist to deal with lingering childhood issues. Which of the following programs is NOT a sociocultural approach to treating Samantha's substance use disorder?

managed care programs

Teenagers who were polled reported that after alcohol, _____ is the easiest substance/drug to get.

marijuana

Shelia has experimented with several drugs, including marijuana, alcohol, opioids such as heroin, and sedative-hypnotic drugs. Which of the drugs she has used is NOT a depressant?

marijuana/cannabis

Detoxification is a systematic and _____ withdrawal from a drug.

medically supervised

The _____ refers to the rate at which the body expends energy.

metabolic rate

One perspective identified several kinds of risk factors associated with an eating disorder. Adherents suggested that the more risk factors that are present, the MORE likely that the eating disorder will develop. This is known as the _____ perspective.

multidimensional risk

Most of today's theorists and researchers use a _____ to explain eating disorders, identifying several key factors that place a person at risk for these disorders.

multidimensional risk perspective

All of these are among the reasons why it is difficult to determine the effectiveness of treatment EXCEPT:

no people recover without intervention.

Which American demographic has the highest prevalence of anorexia nervosa?

non-Hispanic white

Lonnie ingests amphetamines using the MOST common method. If one were to visit his home, they would MOST likely find _____ as evidence of his use.

pill bottles

Cognitive-behavioral theorists would argue all of the following factors play a role in substance use disorder EXCEPT the:

powerful dependency needs that can be traced to the user's early years.

Dr. Constantine is a substance-abuse counselor who believes that people who abuse substances have very powerful dependency needs that can be traced to their early childhood years. Dr. Constantine is probably a proponent of the _____ view.

psychodynamic

Research conducted over the past two decades has found that:

rates of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are increasing among young African American women.

Sandy was under the influence of LSD when she began to hallucinate and therefore began to:

see people, objects, or forms that were not actually present.

A(n) _____ theorist might propose that a person confronted regularly by racism and discrimination would have a heightened risk of developing substance use disorders.

sociocultural

Jonathan is a certified addictions counselor who believes substance use is more likely to appear in families and environments where substance use is valued or at least accepted. Jonathan is a(n) _____ theorist.

sociocultural

During the Civil War, Lt. Robert Riley was wounded on the battlefield. To treat his continual pain, the medics gave him morphine, to which he soon became addicted. Like many other soldiers, he suffered from:

soldier's disease.

Alcohol Dehydrogenase

stomach enzyme which breaks down alcohol in the stomach before it enters the blood

This is a pattern of maladaptive behaviors and reactions that have occurred over a long period of time due to the repeated use of a substance.

substance use disorder

Marina decided to use both alcohol and morphine at the same time. She hoped that the drugs' individual effects would add up to a more powerful effect, but instead, one drug multiplied the effects of the other. This created a very dangerous situation, and Marina had to be taken to the hospital. This combined effect of the two drugs is called a(n) _____ effect.

synergistic

Activating this area of the hypothalamus produces feelings of hunger.

the lateral hypothalamus

Martha has been a nurse practitioner for many years, and has noticed that a few categories have changed since DSM-IV. Previous editions of the DSM defined addiction as:

the misuse of substances.

Adult females and males report the MOST body dissatisfaction with:

the stomach

Activating this area of the hypothalamus reduces feelings of hunger.

the ventromedial hypothalamus

Which feeling is LEAST associated with cocaine use?

tired

Which is NOT one of the common reasons why amphetamines were used in earlier times before physicians recognized their danger?

to help treat high blood pressure