Abnormal Psych Chap. 8

.Which of the following is an example of mild dissociation? A. worrying excessively over your grades B. not remembering material you studied for a test C. difficulty committing to social relationships D. being so preoccupied you forget an appointment

D. being so preoccupied you forget an appointment

Which theorists view dissociative disorders as avoidance responses that protect the person from consciously experiencing stressful events? A. psychodynamic B. behavioral C. cognitive D. both a and b

D. both a and b

The brain region most closely linked to the somatosensory cortex is the A. anterior insula. B. posterior insula. C. anterior cingulate. D. both a and c.

D. both a and c.

Which of the following techniques is contraindicated for DID? A. hypnosis B. improvement of coping skills C. age regression D. both hypnosis and age regression

D. both hypnosis and age regression

The onset of dissociative identity disorder is generally believed to begin during __________ and is found most often in people with __________ history of abuse. A. adolescence; no B. adolescence; a severe C. childhood; no D. childhood; a severe

D. childhood; a severe

The DSM-5 includes all of the following dissociative disorders EXCEPT: A. dissociative amnesia. B. depersonalization/derealization disorder. C. dissociative identity disorder. D. dissociative anxiety disorder.

D. dissociative anxiety disorder.

Unlike a malingerer, a person with factitious disorder A. does not exhibit "la belle indifference." B. has primarily psychological, not physical, symptoms. C. has physical symptoms that are not under voluntary control. D. has no clear motivation for adopting the symptoms.

D. has no clear motivation for adopting the symptoms.

Donna was brutally assaulted outside the local 7-Eleven. Although she cannot recall the details of the assault, she becomes terrified when she drives past the 7-Eleven. This is an example of a situation in which a person A. has an explicit memory, but no implicit memory. B. has neither explicit nor implicit memory. C. will most likely develop dissociative identity disorder. D. has no explicit memory, but has an implicit memory.

D. has no explicit memory, but has an implicit memory.

Louise arrived at the emergency room complaining of severe stomach pain. After careful evaluation, it became clear that Louise had purposely given herself food poisoning. She would most likely A. be malingering. B. have somatic symptom disorder. C. have la belle indifference. D. have factitious disorder.

D. have factitious disorder.

Controlled trials of psychological treatment for conversion disorder A. indicate that supportive psychotherapy reduces patients concerns about their physical problems. B. suggest that biofeedback is effective. C. indicate that relaxation training is highly effective in reducing symptoms. D. have not yet been conducted.

D. have not yet been conducted.

Cognitive-behavioral treatments for somatic symptom disorder A. are aimed at focusing the person on their bodily sensations. B. encourage the person to seek reassurance from a medical doctor. C. are effective only for women. D. have proven effective in reducing health concerns and health care utilization.

D. have proven effective in reducing health concerns and health care utilization.

Research on the effectiveness of psychological treatment of dissociative identity disorder A. shows that behavioral-cognitive therapy is moderately effective. B. has been hampered by the publicity surrounding known cases. C. supports the post-traumatic model of its etiology. D. is limited to observations of a few specialized studies that did not involve control groups.

D. is limited to observations of a few specialized studies that did not involve control groups.

Juliet believes that she is a spirit medium. During religious ceremonies, Juliet behaves as though she is being controlled by spirits of the dead. Juliet is not upset by these experiences, and her ability to work and take care of her family has not been negatively affected. Juliet should be diagnosed with _________. A. dissociative amnesia B. dissociative identity disorder C. depersonalization/derealization disorder D. none of the above

D. none of the above

The controlled outcome studies on dissociative identity disorder (DID) show A. superior outcome when psychodynamic treatment is employed. B. integration of alters is easily achieved in most people with DID. C. psychotropic medications are effective in eliminating alters. D. none of the above; no controlled outcomes studies on DID exist.

D. none of the above; no controlled outcomes studies on DID exist.

Pain and somatic symptoms can be increased by A. anxiety. B. depression. C. hormones. D. all of these factors can increase somatic symptoms.

D. all of these factors can increase somatic symptoms.

In the case of Anna O., her conversion disorder symptoms appeared A. while sitting at the bedside of her seriously ill father. B. after her brother's death. C. after she experienced a sexual assault. D. under hypnosis.

A. while sitting at the bedside of her seriously ill father.

Conversion disorder is not a likely diagnosis for someone A. with memory issues. B. with a sudden loss of sensation. C. who suddenly ceases to speak. D. who experiences tunnel vision.

A. with memory issues.

Conversion disorder is most common in A. women. B. men. C. it is equally common in men and women. D. no information is yet available on prevalence among men vs. women.

A. women.

What is the prevalence of dissociative identity disorder? A. 1.5% B. 8.3% C. 15.7% D. 20.2%

A. 1.5%

Miguel experienced a sudden, inexplicable blindness. Tests have shown no physical basis for his symptoms. The most likely diagnosis is A. Conversion Disorder B. Somatic Symptom Disorder C. Dissociative Identity Disorder D. Illness Anxiety Disorder

A. Conversion Disorder

The DSM-5 includes all of the following dissociative disorders except: A. Dissociative Disintegrative Disorder B. Dissociative Identity Disorder C. Dissociative Amnesia D. Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder

A. Dissociative Disintegrative Disorder

Which of these dissociative disorders is no longer a distinct diagnosis in the DSM-5? A. Dissociative Fugue B. Dissociative Amnesia C. Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder D. Dissociative Identity Disorder

A. Dissociative Fugue

Karen was raped by an acquaintance. She has no memory of the assault, but she does not demonstrate any other memory deficits. Karen probably has _________. A. Dissociative amnesia B. Depersonalization/derealization disorder C. Dissociative identity disorder D. None of the above

A. Dissociative amnesia

An insurance company hired a private investigator to ascertain whether a claimant alleging a back injury was really disabled, or whether the person was acting that way to receive financial gain. Such behavior is known as ________________________. A. Malingering B. Illness anxiety disorder C. Conversion disorder D. Factitious disorder

A. Malingering

The term "conversion" originated with A. Sigmund Freud B. Abraham Maslow C. Ivan Pavlov D. Dermott Helmich

A. Sigmund Freud

Claudia is experiencing intermittent pain in her stomach and back. Medical examination and testing have revealed no physical explanation for her symptoms. The most likely DSM-5 diagnosis for Claudia is A. Somatic Symptom Disorder B. Illness Anxiety Disorder C. Factitious Disorder D. Illness Anxiety Disorder

A. Somatic Symptom Disorder

Psychological treatment of somatic symptom disorders often includes A. medical tests to show symptoms have no medical basis. B. focusing on reducing the underlying anxiety and depression. C. keeping a diary of symptoms and complaints. D. exploring childhood experiences of being sick.

B. focusing on reducing the underlying anxiety and depression.

Pathological dissociation is considered A. an alienating response. B. an auditory response. C. an arbitrary response. D. an avoidance response.

D. an avoidance response.

The main feature of illness anxiety disorder is A. a preoccupation with fears of having a serious disease. B. a fear of losing a limb. C. an overwhelming fear of doctors and hospitals. D. all of the above.

A. a preoccupation with fears of having a serious disease.

The most commonly diagnosed comorbid disorders with dissociative identity disorder are A. anxiety and depression. B. somatoform and substance abuse disorders. C. bipolar disorder and depression. D. schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder.

A. anxiety and depression.

Dissociative identity disorder and schizophrenia A. are two entirely different disorders. B. are synonyms. C. are very similar; the person with schizophrenia has two personalities, while the person with dissociative identity disorder has three or more. D. are similar in that both have hallucinations and delusions.

A. are two entirely different disorders.

DID usually begins in __________ but is rarely diagnosed until __________. A. childhood; adulthood B. childhood; adolescence C. adolescence; adulthood D. adulthood; late adulthood

A. childhood; adulthood

Since watching his mother get hit and killed by a car two years ago, Chris has felt as if he has been watching himself from outside of his body and thinks that voices sound strange. He is probably suffering from A. depersonalization/derealization disorder. B. dissociative identity disorder. C. dissociative amnesia. D. none of the above.

A. depersonalization/derealization disorder.

Following a dissociative amnesia-subtype dissociative fugue episode, the person often A. does not remember the events that occurred during the episode. B. remembers most of the events occurring during the episode, although may deny them to avoid embarrassment. C. is predisposed to have further episodes at times of stress. D. is likely to develop another type of dissociative disorder.

A. does not remember the events that occurred during the episode.

Memories often hold __________ power. A. emotional B. cognitive C. physiological D. physical

A. emotional

According to the DSM-5, unwarranted fears about a serious illness despite absence of any significant somatic symptoms are called A. illness anxiety disorder. B. depersonalization/dearealization disorder. C. factitious disorder. D. conversion disorder.

A. illness anxiety disorder.

Conversion disorder symptoms typically begin A. in adolescence or early adulthood. B. in childhood. C. in late adulthood. D. earlier for males than for females.

A. in adolescence or early adulthood.

Most people with somatic symptom-related disorders usually want __________ care, not ___________ care. A. medical, mental health B. mental health, medical C. psychological, Physical D. physical, Psychological

A. medical, mental health

Somatic symptom disorders all involve A. physical symptoms. B. dysphoric mood. C. disruptions of consciousness. D. hallucinations.

A. physical symptoms.

The two major theories of DID are A. post-traumatic and sociocognitive. B. post-traumatic and psychoanalytic. C. behavioral and psychoanalytic. D. post-traumatic and cognitive-behavioral.

A. post-traumatic and sociocognitive.

In Factitious Disorder Imposed on Another, a person causes symptoms in another person and then presents that person as ill in order to: A. receive reinforcement for being an attentive, loving caregiver B. receive a financial gain C. distract attention from his/her own psychological pain D. cause suffering to the other person

A. receive reinforcement for being an attentive, loving caregiver

Cognitive treatments for somatic symptom disorders seek to A. reduce attention to the body and challenge negative thoughts. B. teach more appropriate techniques for interactions with others. C. teach relaxation techniques to alleviate the symptoms. D. use operant conditioning approaches with family and friends to increase attention paid to patient.

A. reduce attention to the body and challenge negative thoughts.

Almost all patients in therapy for DID report A. severe child abuse. B. severe eating disorders. C. severe OCD. D. severe memory loss.

A. severe child abuse.

The onset of conversion disorder symptoms is usually A. sudden and related to a stressful situation. B. gradual and subtle. C. not associated with psychological distress. D. preceded by a period of physical illness.

A. sudden and related to a stressful situation.

The treatment of somatic symptom disorders is relatively primitive because A. sufferers rarely seek mental health treatment. B. only psychodynamic therapies have been implemented. C. efforts to treat them have been unsuccessful. D. of legal and professional prohibitions.

A. sufferers rarely seek mental health treatment.

In an effort to reduce Alan's somatic symptoms, his behaviorally-oriented therapist would most likely A. suggest that his family reward his efforts to return to work. B. train him in relaxation skills. C. spend time uncovering stressors that led to the problem. D. dispute the validity of his pain.

A. suggest that his family reward his efforts to return to work.

Contemporary psychodynamic research on hysterically blind individuals indicates that they repress A. the awareness that they see. B. visual stimuli. C. information extracted from visual stimuli. D. their motives about seeing.

A. the awareness that they see.

Most people with dissociative identity disorder exhibit high __________ and experienced a history of __________. A. child abuse; criminal behavior. B. hypnotic susceptibility; child abuse. C. hypnotic susceptibility; criminal behavior. D. sensation seeking; amnesia.

B. hypnotic susceptibility; child abuse.

Conversion disorder was first studied by Freud; before then it was referred to as A. la belle indifference. B. hysteria. C. hypochondriasis. D.briquet's syndrome.

B. hysteria.

Among the dissociative disorders, dissociative amnesia: subtype-dissociative fugue is characterized by A. massive repression. B. moving away and establishing a new identity. C. sudden development following severe stress. D. memory loss for virtually all past events.

B. moving away and establishing a new identity.

Which of the following is a potential symptom of conversion disorder? A. extreme anxiety B. paralysis in the hand C. chronic sweating hypersensitivity to pain

B. paralysis in the hand

People with somatic symptom disorders A. are usually hysterical. B. tend to worry or have anxiety about physical symptoms. C. are more often men than women. D. tend to blame others for their physical imperfections.

B. tend to worry or have anxiety about physical symptoms.

Antidepressants have been found to reduce pain in clients with somatic symptom disorders even when A. the client denies being depressed or ill. B. the dosage is too low to alleviate the associated depression. C. the client skips doses. D. all of these answers are correct.

B. the dosage is too low to alleviate the associated depression.

Dissociative amnesia is A. the inability to recall important dates. B. the inability to recall important personal experiences. C. the inability to recall important information. D. the inability to recall important medical history.

B. the inability to recall important personal experiences.

Conversion disorder occupies a central place in psychodynamic theory because it provides a clear example of the role of A. repression. B. the unconscious. C. the pleasure principle. D. stages of development.

B. the unconscious.

DSM-5 symptoms of conversion disorder include all of the following EXCEPT: A. one or more neurologic symptoms affecting voluntary motor function. B. three or more neurologic symptoms affecting voluntary motor function. C. diagnostic findings are internally inconsistent. D. symptoms cannot be explained by a medical condition.

B. three or more neurologic symptoms affecting voluntary motor function.

Somatic symptom-related disorders and dissociative disorders are similar in that both A. have symptoms suggesting a physical dysfunction. B. typically begin after a stressful experience. C. involve aggressive outbursts. D. are delusional in quality.

B. typically begin after a stressful experience.

Therapists who are most likely to diagnose DID tend to A. practice behavioral techniques. B. use hypnosis. C. use biofeedback. D. support the sociocultural model.

B. use hypnosis.

The Greek word hystera means A. hysterical B. womb C. women D. functional neurological

B. womb

Once a somatic symptom develops, the cognitive variable that appears important is A. attention to body sensations. B. interpretation of body sensations. C. both attention and interpretation are important. D. neither attention nor interpretation are important.

C. both attention and interpretation are important.

Which of the following best illustrates illness anxiety disorder? A. An ulcer caused by stress. B. A persistent unsubstantiated fear of having cancer. C. Having obsessions with an imagined physical defect, such as facial wrinkles. D. Experiencing recurring pain with no physical basis.

B. A persistent unsubstantiated fear of having cancer.

Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. DID cannot be convincingly role played by college students. B. DID patients who report amnesia for the experiences of their alters show experimental evidence of shared memories. C. Rates of DID diagnosis are roughly the same across different clinicians. D. For the majority of patients, DID symptoms were apparent before they began therapy.

B. DID patients who report amnesia for the experiences of their alters show experimental evidence of shared memories.

Which of the following statements about dissociation and memory is FALSE? A. People who experience a trauma usually show detailed memories for the central features of the threatening situation. B. Dissociative disorders involve deficits in implicit memory. C. According to psychodynamic theory, traumatic memories are repressed. D. Extreme stress usually enhances memory.

B. Dissociative disorders involve deficits in implicit memory.

Dissociative disorders share A. obsessive thoughts. B. an alteration in consciousness or identity. C. an inability to distinguish reality from fantasy. D. physical symptoms with no physiological basis

B. an alteration in consciousness or identity.

Dissociative disorders share A. obsessive thoughts. B. an alteration in consciousness or identity. C. an inability to distinguish reality from fantasy. D. physical symptoms with no physiological basis.

B. an alteration in consciousness or identity.

The post-traumatic model of DID A. has the most substantial empirical support. B. assumes that DID begins in childhood as a result of severe abuse. C. assumes that DID is created in therapy. D. assumes DID is due to suggestion from the media.

B. assumes that DID begins in childhood as a result of severe abuse.

Explicit memory is to conscious recall of experiences as implicit memory is to A. repressed memories. B. behaviors based on experiences that cannot be consciously recalled. C. behaviors based on experiences that occurred before the onset of speech. D. dreams.

B. behaviors based on experiences that cannot be consciously recalled.

Anesthesia and aphonia are examples of __________ disorder. A. illness anxiety B. conversion C. factitious D. somatic symptom

B. conversion

Lucy complained of paralysis in her leg that made it impossible for her to work or do household chores. When in the emergency room, she appeared unconcerned with her ailment and discussed it at great length. She even invited people to come and poke her leg to show that she experienced no sensations. She would most likely be diagnosed with A. somatic symptom disorder. B. conversion disorder. C. malingering. D. illness anxiety disorder.

B. conversion disorder.

Jillian is often approached by people on the street who speak to her as if they recognize her, but she does not recognize them. She also finds articles of clothing in her home that she does not remember buying. Jillian may have __________. A. Dissociative amnesia B. Depersonalization/derealization disorder C. Dissociative identity disorder D. None of the above

C. Dissociative identity disorder

A factitious disorder imposed on another is referred to as A. Munchausen syndrome by imposition. B. Munchausen symptom diversion. C. Munchausen syndrome by proxy. D. none of the above.

C. Munchausen syndrome by proxy.

Why are there many questions regarding the role of memory under stress with respect to dissociative disorders? A. People have trouble recalling events. B. Few brain-imaging studies have been conducted to date. C. Some lines of research indicate that high levels of stress enhance memory. D. Research indicates that, under stress, people store memories in different areas of the brain.

C. Some lines of research indicate that high levels of stress enhance memory.

What kind of gentle reminder might a physician make to a patient who might be suffering from a Somatic disorder A. The effectiveness of psychological interventions B. The effectiveness of medication in treating psychological disorders C. The connection between the mind and the body D. Both a and b

C. The connection between the mind and the body

Depersonalization/derealization disorder usually begins in A. early childhood. B. middle childhood. C. adolescence. D. adulthood.

C. adolescence.

Dissociative identity disorder must involve A. at least three distinct personalities. B. selective amnesia. C. at least two distinct personalities. D. depersonalization.

C. at least two distinct personalities.

The psychodynamic perspective on conversion disorder was revised in light of experimental findings with hysterically blind people who A. have underlying brain defects. B. can see when under hypnosis. C. can respond to visual information. D. experienced traumatic visual events.

C. can respond to visual information.

All of the following have been cited as reasons for changes in the prevalence of dissociative identity disorder over the years EXCEPT: A. changes in the diagnostic criteria for the disorder. B. publication of popular accounts such as "Sybil." C. changes in the medical sophistication and level of education in modern society. D. changing definitions of schizophrenia.

C. changes in the medical sophistication and level of education in modern society.

Julie experienced inexplicable blindness. She visited several ophthalmologists, all of whom indicated there was no physical basis for her blindness. She most likely has A. illness anxiety disorder. B. dissociative disorder. C. conversion disorder. D. somatic symptom disorder.

C. conversion disorder.

The goal of treatment of dissociative disorders should be to A. encourage repression of the underlying trauma. B. encourage others to reinforce symptoms. C. convince the person that splitting into different personalities is no longer necessary to deal with traumas. D. provide a confrontational setting where symptoms are not needed.

C. convince the person that splitting into different personalities is no longer necessary to deal with traumas.

Ms. Hall consulted a physician because of the following experience: The week before, she felt that another voice was talking to her, although she tried to ignore it. She then had a period of hours that she was unable to recall, but her boyfriend reported later that during that period she behaved like a completely different person, being loud and boisterous in contrast to her usual shy and sedate personality. She has had similar experiences in the past and is at a loss to explain them. Ms. Hall's symptoms most likely meet the criteria for A. schizophrenia. B. depersonalization/derealization disorder. C. dissociative identity disorder. D. none of the above.

C. dissociative identity disorder.

Mildred has been struggling with feelings of chronic depersonalization/derealization for several years. If she has depersonalization/derealization disorder, she most likely A. has impaired memory functioning. B. has a well-developed sense of self, just feelings of not being present. C. has experienced some abuse at an earlier age. D. is not employed.

C. has experienced some abuse at an earlier age.

In the case of Anna O., her conversion disorder symptoms involved her A. left leg. B. sexual dysfunction. C. her right side, beginning with her arm. D. scalp, nose, and lips.

C. her right side, beginning with her arm.

All of the following are found in the somatic symptom disorders chapter in the DSM-5 EXCEPT: A. illness anxiety disorder. B. somatic symptom disorder. C. hypochondriasis. D. conversion disorder

C. hypochondriasis.

Which of the following is most similar to somatic symptom disorder? A. factitious disorder B. conversion disorder C. illness anxiety disorder D. dissociative disorder

C. illness anxiety disorder

All of the following are DSM-5 symptoms of somatic symptom disorder EXCEPT: A. at least one somatic symptom is distressing or disrupts daily life. B. excessive thoughts, feelings, and behaviors related to somatic symptoms. C. long-lasting history of mental illness. D. has occurred for at least six months.

C. long-lasting history of mental illness.

Conversion disorder is NOT a likely diagnosis for someone experiencing an inexplicable loss of A. feeling. B. vision. C. memory. D. speech.

C. memory.

A behavioral reinforcer for someone with somatic symptom disorder would be A. receiving a dollar each time they ride an elevator. B. feeling refreshed after taking a hot shower. C. receiving attention and sympathy. D. successfully avoiding social situations.

C. receiving attention and sympathy.

Dr. Jones believes that different alters appear during adulthood after the suggestion of a therapist. This is consistent with A. psychoanalytic theory. B. behavioral theory. C. social role enactment. D. self-fulfilling prophecy.

C. social role enactment.

The prognosis for dissociative amnesia usually involves a __________ remission with __________ recovery. A. gradual; complete B. gradual; partial C. sudden; complete D. sudden; partial

C. sudden; complete

One major theory of the etiology of dissociative identity disorder is that it results from A. fear of facing the complexities of adult living. B. drug use in predisposed individuals. C. suggestion by therapists or media influences. D. having a fantasy life more reinforcing than reality.

C. suggestion by therapists or media influences.

One type of behavioral treatment for somatic symptom disorders seeks to A. reduce anxiety levels using somatic methods. B. eliminate the problem behaviors using punishment. C. teach more appropriate techniques for interacting with others. D. use hypnosis to alleviate the symptoms.

C. teach more appropriate techniques for interacting with others.

Which of the following is NOT presented in the text as a criticism of the somatic symptom disorders? A. The diagnoses can be considered subjective. B. There is remarkable diversity among people diagnosed with somatic symptom disorders. C. A diagnosis of a somatic symptom disorder carries a stigma and is not often diagnosed. D. All of the following are criticisms of somatic symptom disorders.

D. All of the following are criticisms of somatic symptom disorders.

Tom has recurrent, distressing episodes during which he feels as if he has lost control of his own body. His arms and legs feel strange, and his voice does not sound like his own. Tom only has these experiences when he is smoking marijuana. Tom should be diagnosed with __________. A. Depersonalization/derealization disorder B. Dissociative identity disorder C. Dissociative amnesia D. None of the above

D. None of the above

According to the ____________ model, DID is a form of role play. A. Posttraumatic B. Cognitive behavioral C. Neurobiological D. Sociocognitive

D. Sociocognitive

Cognitive behavioral treatment therapists help people do which of the following? A. identify and change emotions that trigger the somatic concerns. B. change their cognitions regarding their somatic symptoms. C. change their behaviors so they stop playing the role of a sick person and gain more reinforcement for engaging in other types of social interactions. D. all of the above.

D. all of the above.

People with unexplained blindness A. do well on tests to measure visual processing. B. do not know that they can see. C. have sustained no damage to their eyes. D. all of the above.

D. all of the above.