Abnormal Psych Chapter 11

24. Which of the following are signs of alcohol intoxication according to DSM-5?

c. slurred speech, lack of coordination, and nystagmus

13. Which of the following offers a useful basis for distinguishing between people who are dependent on alcohol and those who are not?

c. the number of problems due to drinking

81. Some theorists associate alcoholism with exaggerated activation of an endogenous system in response to alcohol stimulation. Which system do they suggest?

c. the opiod system

104. Successful long-term outcome for the treatment of alcoholism is best predicted by

c. the person's coping resources and available social support.

88. Detoxification refers to

c. the removal of a drug on which a person is dependent.

35. Alex is listening to a lecture on the history of opiate drugs, and he learns something that he finds very surprising. What has he heard the lecturer say?

a. "Heroin is a synthetic opiate made from morphine."

63. How does the rate of alcohol problems compare in men and women?

a. Although the difference in the rates is narrowing, the rate is still much higher among men.

70. Why are investigators interested in the fast flush phenomenon?

a. It is often seen in people of Asian ancestry and might explain why they drink less.

47. You are a psychologist for a drug treatment program aimed at adolescents. In evaluating new clients, you would be most concerned about the long-term continuous use of which substance?

a. PCP

96. What is one principal assumption of Alcoholics Anonymous?

a. People cannot recover on their own.

102. What is the general conclusion on research designed to match certain types of patients to particular alcohol treatment programs?

a. There is little evidence for the effectiveness of matching.

32. Why are cocaine and amphetamines called stimulant drugs?

a. They activate the sympathetic nervous system.

25. The police found a man along the highway. They immediately transported him to the emergency room where it was determined that his alcohol concentration was 600 mg percent. The police report probably described him as

a. dead.

18. The process in which neurons adapt to psychoactive drug use by reducing the number of receptors or by reducing their sensitivity to the drug is known __________ regulation.

a. down

43. Follow-up studies of adults who used cannabis over a period of several years

a. found some evidence of cognitive decline associated with the drug.

58. As a behavioral advisor to the World Health Organization, you are required to assess drug use and abuse in indigenous populations. You have been assigned to study the South American natives' use of coca leaves, which are part of the plant from which cocaine is derived. In reading about past findings, you discover that these native groups

a. have very few drug use problems.

31. Your textbook suggests that withdrawal from nicotine is on a par with withdrawal from

a. heroin.

7. While watching a television show, you hear one of the characters, a physician, talking about narcotic analgesics. What is another name for these drugs?

a. opiates

78. You have access to an fMRI facility and plan to study brain regions associated with drug addiction. You advise your team that it would be wise to focus on the

a. reward pathways of the brain.

95. What is an underlying notion that supports the 12-step program of Alcoholics Anonymous?

a. spiritual ideas about recovery

2. Your friend misses work and has serious family difficulties because he uses drugs. However, he is not addicted to drugs. What DSM-5 diagnosis should be made in this case?

a. substance use disorder

84. Longitudinal studies of adolescent alcohol use and their expectancy patterns have found that

a. those with positive expectations go on to consume greater amounts of alcohol.

87. One of the controversies involving the treatment of substance use disorders is whether

a. total abstinence from drinking or drug use is the only acceptable goal.

60. Out of all men and women who have ever used alcohol, approximately ____ percent will develop serious alcohol related problems.

b. 20

71. The lifetime prevalence of alcoholism among families of alcoholics is higher than in the general population, by a factor of about

b. 3 to 5.

26. What is the legal limit of alcohol concentration for driving in most states, as measured in the number of milligrams (mg) of alcohol per 100 milliliters of blood (percent)?

b. 80 mg percent

29. Which of the following statements is true about the relationship between death and the misuse of alcohol?

b. Alcohol related deaths due to injury are more common among young men.

83. A researcher is using the balanced placebo design to investigate the effects of alcohol on aggression. What has this research added to our knowledge of alcohol?

b. Expectations play an important role in the effects attributed to alcohol.

80. Several genes that affect the reception of which neurotransmitter have been seen to correlate with the risk of alcohol dependence?

b. GABA

90. What is likely to occur if Javier takes Antabuse and then has a shot of whiskey?

b. He will become violently ill.

66. Which of the following statements is most accurate?

b. Older people do not drink as much alcohol as younger people drink.

46. What hallucinogen, at high doses, can induce psychotic behavior, including delusional thinking, catatonic behavior, manic excitement, and sudden mood changes?

b. PCP

76. Which of the following conclusions about the genetics of alcohol use disorders can be legitimately drawn from adoption studies?

b. There appears to be a strong association between genetics and the etiology of alcohol use disorder.

57. Why are amphetamines the most serious drug problem in Japan?

b. There is a limited amount of land for cultivation of plant-based drugs; since amphetamines are synthetic drugs, they are more easily available.

55. What pattern of drinking-related behavior was reported by Vaillant in his longitudinal study of males?

b. Those who remained abstinent for six years were unlikely to relapse.

91. What is one of the major problems in treating alcoholism with Antabuse?

b. Voluntary compliance with drug taking is low.

64. Dwayne and Rhonda each weigh 150 pounds. They go out drinking and each has three beers. According to your textbook, why does Rhonda become intoxicated sooner?

b. Women's bodies have lower water content.

1. According the World Health Organization, ______ use was responsible for 5 percent of the total burden of disease and disability worldwide in 2004.

b. alcohol

53. The workgroup that prepared the definition of substance use disorders that is used in DSM-5 collapsed substance dependence and substance abuse into a single disorder with a continuous range of severity. In the case of alcohol, this disorder is called

b. alcohol use disorder.

33. In your role as a police officer, you sometimes come across individuals who seem to be hallucinating and have delusions of persecution. In addition to the possibility that these individuals may have a mental disorder or be under the influence of various hallucinogenic drugs, you must also consider the possibility of

b. amphetamine use.

21. Which of the following might a person suffering from alcohol withdrawal delirium experience?

b. auditory hallucinations

75. In the absence of other etiological factors for alcohol use disorder, being raised by an alcoholic parent

b. does not appear to be a critical consideration in the development of the disorder.

77. Scientists who study the biological basis of addiction have devoted considerable attention to understanding the rewarding properties of drugs. Much of this attention has focused on

b. dopamine.

82. Traditional learning theory has held that people drink because

b. drinking is reinforced by stress reduction.

14. Which of the following is an example of psychological dependence on alcohol?

b. drinking to relieve negative moods

17. Metabolic tolerance involves changes in _____________ while pharmacodynamic tolerance involves changes in _____________.

b. enzymes / neurons

101. Comprehensive reviews of the research literature regarding treatment of alcoholism and drug abuse tell us that

b. many people improve for a while, but relapse is common.

11. In recent years, the term addiction is being used to describe other kinds of impulsive behavior problems, including

b. pathological gambling.

42. Cannabis intoxication is often accompanied by temporal disintegration. This means that

b. people have trouble retaining and organizing information.

105. Gambling disorder was moved to the chapter on substance-related and addictive disorders because

b. people with serious gambling problems often suffer from substance use disorders.

39. The families of drugs that include barbiturates and benzodiazepines are also known informally as

b. sedatives.

85. A team of researchers has decided to employ the high-risk research design in a longitudinal study of adolescent alcohol use. What will these researchers have to do to conduct such a study?

b. select subjects based on the presence of specific risk factors

10. For a class assignment, you are asked to find information on cocaine. A reference book on drugs lists them by major category. Under which category will you find cocaine?

b. stimulants

27. Charles is administered a blood alcohol level test, and the results show 400 mg percent. Which of the following characterizes his state?

b. very intoxicated, at risk of slipping into coma

4. Previous versions of the diagnostic manual used the term ____________________ to describe substance use disorders that were at least moderate in severity.

c. substance dependence

65. According the National Comorbidity Study, the lifetime prevalence of nicotine dependence is approximately ______ percent.

c. 24

61. According to the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, the lifetime prevalence of alcohol abuse is approximately what percentage of the general population?

c. 30

73. What is the estimated heritability of serious alcohol-related problems?

c. 66 percent

52. Mindy was just arrested for driving while intoxicated (DWI). Why would we not necessarily diagnose Mindy with an alcohol use disorder?

c. DSM requires a recurrent pattern of problematic use.

20. When a heavy drinker stops drinking alcohol, what happens to his biological system that causes withdrawal symptoms?

c. It rebounds after functioning in a chronically depressed state.

41. What is the most common active ingredient in marijuana?

c. THC

100. At the mental health center, a young man will begin what is called motivational interviewing. What can this man expect during the session that will follow?

c. Using a nonconfrontational approach, an interviewer will help him to resolve his ambivalence about using drugs and to make a definite commitment to change.

89. What is Antabuse?

c. a drug that blocks the breakdown of alcohol

50. Which of the following must a person exhibit in order to be diagnosed with alcohol use disorder in DSM-5?

c. a problematic pattern of use

94. What is the first step of Alcoholics Anonymous's 12-step program?

c. admitting that one is powerless over alcohol

12. Ernest Hemingway, whose case is presented in your textbook, suffered from

c. alcohol use disorder.

62. Alcohol-related disorders are

c. among the most common forms of mental disorders in the United States.

38. Which category of drugs is made up of those used to treat anxiety disorders and sleeping problems?

c. benzodiazepines

93. In the long term treatment of alcoholic patients, SSRIs

c. can be helpful with patients who also have a diagnosis of major depression.

36. The active substances in opium are

c. codeine and morphine.

97. Barbara is seeing a therapist to help her with her drinking problem, and her therapist is trying to improve Barbara's social skills and ability to solve problems. This therapist is probably a

c. cognitive behavior therapist.

45. Which of the following is likely to be experienced while under the influence of MDMA, also known as ecstasy?

c. difficulty regulating body temperature

59. You have been asked to design a targeted drug prevention program. Your task is to decide on which sex, if any, should receive more attention. You decide that it depends on which drug or drugs are under consideration and that

c. for drug abuse, in general, the focus should be on men, who have the highest rate.

23. Based on reports from people who use drugs, which psychoactive substance is least associated with tolerance and withdrawal effects?

c. hallucinogens

37. A research participant in a study of drug effects has experienced a brief, intense, dreamlike euphoria with a sense of increased visual and auditory sensitivity. The brief sense of pleasure is very powerful. Which drug has this subject likely received?

c. heroin

86. The treatment of alcoholism and other types of substance use disorders is an especially difficult task because

c. many people with substance use disorders do not acknowledge their difficulties.

56. Which problems commonly occur along with alcoholism?

c. mood disorder and antisocial personality disorder

51. Tolerance and withdrawal are considered the __________ criteria included in the definition of alcohol use disorder.

c. pharmacological

68. Which of the following are you most likely to find among the elderly in the United States?

c. prescription drug abuse and dependence

44. While out in the wild, a group of vacationers pick some mushrooms. Later in the day, they use them in cooking the evening meal. Several members of the group begin to experience strange sensations and even hallucinations. The drug in the mushrooms was most likely

c. psilocybin.

5. What term is used to describe chemicals that can alter a person's mood, perception, or brain functioning?

c. psychoactive substances

69. Which of the following characteristics are strong predictors of adolescents' initial experimentation with drugs?

c. rebelliousness and extroversion

34. Prolonged use of amphetamines has been linked to an increase in violent behavior, but it is not easy to interpret this link because

c. the violence could be due to a drug user's lifestyle, not the drug itself.

67. Which age group has the highest prevalence rates for alcohol dependence?

c. young adults

99. Rebecca is trying to recover from alcoholism. Her therapist is attempting to help her reduce the abstinence violation effect. This is a problem for Rebecca because as soon as she has even a small drink, she thinks,

d. "I've messed up; I may as well go ahead and get drunk."

72. What have researchers concluded from research on the concordance rates of monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins?

d. Concordance rates suggest a role for genetics, and higher concordance rates among males reflect the higher prevalence of alcoholism among males.

49. What evidence led developers of DSM-5 to remove the distinction between substance abuse and substance dependence?

d. Evidence suggests dependence and abuse are not clearly distinct forms of disorder.

92. A relative was admitted to the hospital and given doses of naltrexone for problems related to alcohol. How will this drug affect the man?

d. It will decrease the level of endogenous opioids.

79. What evidence has been cited by scientists who propose that alcoholism is related to endogenous opioid production?

d. Opioid-antagonists can reduce the subjective "high" of drinking.

40. People who stop taking relatively high doses of benzodiazepines can experience an abrupt return of the original anxiety they were using the drugs to suppress. This is called

d. a discontinuance syndrome.

3. DSM-5 defines substance use disorders in terms of

d. a maladaptive pattern of behaviors.

22. The police find a man in a seedy part of town; he looks in "bad shape," so they call for an ambulance. On the way to the hospital, the paramedic calls the hospital base with the following description: approximately 50-year-old white male, heavy sweating, hand tremors, seems delirious, and appears to be experiencing hallucinations. When the patient arrives at the hospital, the emergency room physician suspects that the patient is experiencing

d. alcohol withdrawal delirium.

54. Although the course of alcoholism is different in every individual, nearly all cases of alcoholism involve

d. alternating periods of heavy use and abstinence.

28. What is a blackout?

d. an inability to remember what has happened

9. Which term describes central nervous system depressants that are used to relieve anxiety?

d. anxiolytics

19. In one type of tolerance, cues that are regularly associated with the administration of a drug begin to function as conditioned stimuli and elicit a conditioned response that is opposite in direction to the natural effect of the drug in the process of __________ conditioning.

d. behavioral

8. What type of drug is alcohol?

d. central nervous system depressant

30. What is the physiological basis of the short-term effects of nicotine?

d. increases the release of norepinephrine and dopamine

16. Tolerance for a psychoactive substance refers to

d. requiring more of the substance to achieve the same effect that lower doses once achieved.

74. Genetic factors in the cause of alcohol abuse could be somewhat indirect. It has been suggested, for example, that genes that influence __________________ may cause a person to be more likely to risk alcohol dependence.

d. sensation seeking

6. Polysubstance abuse refers to abuse of

d. several types of drugs.

48. People who stop taking hallucinogens after continued use

d. show no withdrawal effects.

15. You are designing a research study to test the effectiveness of a new type of treatment program for alcohol use disorder, and you want to be able to assess changes in your subjects' craving for alcohol. Which of the following would be a good index of their craving?

d. the amount of time they spend planning to drink

98. The cognitive behavioral model of relapse prevention is concerned with the abstinence violation effect. What is the abstinence violation effect?

d. the pattern of going back to chronic drinking if one slips up even a little

103. Comprehensive reviews of the research literature regarding treatment of alcoholism and drug abuse tell us that

d. there is little evidence to suggest that one form of treatment is more effective than another.