Abnormal psych chapter 9

eating disorders

disorders of food ingestion, regurgitation, or attitude that effect health and well being such as binge anorexia, bulimia, or binge eating

binge eating disorder

distinct from nonpurging bulimia nervosa, whereby binging is not accompanied by inappropriate compensatory behavior to limit weight gain

binge-eating/purging anorexia

Maintain a below average weight and engage in binge eating, purging or both

binge

an out-of-control consumption of an amount of food that is far greater than what most people would eat in the same amount of time and under the same circumstances

bulimia nervosa

frequent occurrence of binge-eating episodes accompanied by a sense of loss of control over eating and recurrent inappropriate behavior such as purging or excessive exercise to prevent weight gain

anorexia nervosa

intense fear of gaining weight, disturbed body image, refusal to maintain normal weight, and use of dangerous measures to lose weight

leptin

leptin is a hormone produced by fat cells that acts of reduce food intake

restrictive anorexia

limiting calorie intake by restricting food intake

Obesity

the condition of having elevated fat masses in the body. obesity is defined as having a BMI of 30 or higher

Body mass index

an estimation of total body fat calculated as body weight divided by height squared

dsm-5 criteria for binge eating disorder

- recurrent episodes of binge eating - binge eating episodes are associated with 3 or more: eating more rapidly, eating until uncomfortably full, eating when not hungry, eating alone out of embarrassment,, feeling disgusted with oneself - marked distress - occurs once a week for 3 months - is not concurrent with bulimia or anorexia

dsm-5 criteria for anorexia nervosa

- restriction of energy intake leading to significantly low body weight - intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat - disturbance in the way in which ones body weight or shape is experienced

dsm-5 criteria for bulimia nervosa

-Recurrent episodes of binge eating -Recurrent compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain, for example, vomiting - behaviors occur at least once a week for 3 months

Animal studies have demonstrated that lesions in a part of the hypothalamus called the ventromedial hypothalamus will cause the animal to __________. A. eat voraciously and rapidly become obese B. exhibit excessive physical movement C. become lethargic and, over time, become obese D. lose appetite and become extremely underweight

A

One theory proposes that __________ food is/are heightened among people who engage in binge eating and lowered among people who engage in restrictive eating. A. reward sensitivity toward B. obsession with C. allergies involving D. fear of

A

Pike and colleagues (2003) treated 33 women who had been diagnosed with anorexia nervosa using Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT). Of the women treated, only 17 percent fully recovered. The limited success of CBT for patients with anorexia nervosa may be due to __________. A. the extreme cognitive rigidity that is characteristic of those with anorexia nervosa B. a lack of family and friend support in the social networks of the affected women C. the difficulties in having patients follow through with CBT homework assignments between therapy appointments D. the strong influence of media on the women's sense of body image that may have affected treatment effectiveness

A

Sarah sometimes engages in binge-purge cycles with her consumption of food. She is also severely underweight. Which diagnosis is most likely appropriate for her? A. anorexia nervosa B. bulimia nervosa C. a dual diagnosis of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa D. a diagnosis stating co-existing disorders of bulimia nervosa and obsessive-compulsive disorder

A

The Maudsley model is a 10- to 20-session family therapy program for adolescents with anorexia nervosa that consists of three phases. Which of the following describes the focus of the second phase? A. Family issues are addressed and there are negotiations for a new pattern of relationships among family members. B. The adolescent is encouraged to build relationships outside of the family and to integrate these relationships into family life. C. The therapist supports the parents as they help their child to eat healthily. D. The focus of therapy is on the development of healthier relationships between the patient and parents.

A

Which eating disorder is most commonly found in males? A. binge-eating disorder B. bulimia nervosa C. binge-eating/purging type anorexia nervosa D. restricting type anorexia nervosa

A

Which kind of food would you expect to be most addictive? A. cheesecake B. hamburgers C. licorice D. pizza

A

Which of the following groups is most at risk for developing bulimia nervosa? A. women age 21 to 24 years B. men age 16 to 20 years C. men age 21 to 24 years D. women age 16 to 20 years

A

__________, a criterion used in the DSM-IV for the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa, was eliminated as a diagnostic feature in the DSM-5 as it could not be used as a criterion for males, prepubescent girls, or with women using hormonal contraceptives. A. Amenorrhea B. Idiopathic hypoglycemia C. Pheochromocytoma D. Cessation of ovulation

A

randomized controlled trial

A randomized controlled trial involves a specific treatment group (the group the researchers are most interested in) as well as a control treatment group (against which the treatment group will be compared), assignment is random

Prader-Willi syndrome is caused by __________, which causes the levels of __________ in the body to be high. A. a chromosomal abnormality; grehlin B. deficiencies in the amino acid tryptophan; leptin C. deficiencies in the amino acid tryptophan; grehlin D. a chromosomal abnormality; leptin

A.

Ashley, age 15, has anorexia. __________ is considered the treatment of choice for young women of her age. The Maudsley model, the best-studied approach to this form of treatment, blames __________ for the anorexia nervosa. A. Group therapy; parents of the child B. Family therapy; neither parents nor the child C. Long-term cognitive-behavioral therapy; neither parents nor the child D. Medication; the child

B

Babies who sleep __________ are more likely to be __________ at age 3. A. more than 12 hours a day; obese B. less than 12 hours a day; overweight C. less than 9 hours a day; underweight D. between 9 and 12 hours a day; of normal weight

B

Connor participated in a simulated jury study where he was asked to read a case vignette and then look at mug shots of two men and two women who were either thin or obese. He was asked to rate the guilt of each of these 4 individuals on a scale of 1 to 5. Based on a previous study, which of the individuals was he most likely to give the highest rating of guilt? A. the thin woman B. the obese woman C. the obese man D. the thin man

B

Eating disorders, particularly anorexia, have been noted with children as young as age __________. A. 5 B. 7 C. 9 D. 11

B

If a researcher were to electrically stimulate the VMH (a part of the __________) of a rat, you would expect food intake to be inhibited and the rat to lose weight. A. hippocampus B. hypothalamus C. cingulate gyrus D. amygdala

B

In the treatment of adults with anorexia, __________. A. family therapy appears to be least effective B. there is no leading effective treatment C. inpatient treatment tends to exacerbate hostility and feelings of helplessness D. group therapy appears most promising

B

Susan is morbidly obese and is assessing options for weight loss treatment. Her physician recommends __________ because this option is considered to be the most effective long-term treatment for morbidly obese persons. A. behavior therapy B. bariatric surgery C. the Weight Watchers program D. the medication Orlistat (Xenical)

B

Which form of eating disorder is often admired by others with eating disorders? A. binge-purge type anorexia nervosa B. restrictive type anorexia nervosa C. purging type bulimia nervosa D. restrictive type bulimia nervosa

B

Which of the following best summarizes research findings on 5-HIAA, a major metabolite of serotonin, in eating disorders? A. Levels of 5-HIAA are low in people with current diagnoses of both anorexia nervosa bulimia nervosa. However, during recovery, levels of 5-HIAA are higher in people with a history of both diagnoses. B. Levels of 5-HIAA are low in people with current diagnoses of anorexia nervosa and normal in people with current diagnoses of bulimia nervosa. However, during recovery, levels of 5-HIAA are higher in people with a history of both diagnoses. C. Levels of 5-HIAA are low in people with current diagnoses of anorexia nervosa and normal in people with current diagnoses of bulimia nervosa. However, during recovery, levels of 5-HIAA are normal in people with a history of both diagnoses. D. Levels of 5-HIAA are low in people with current diagnoses of anorexia nervosa and high in people with current diagnoses of bulimia nervosa. However, during recovery, levels of 5-HIAA are higher in people with a history of both diagnoses.

B

A person with a BMI of 27 would be considered __________. A. normal B. underweight C. overweight D. obese

C

Although binge-eating disorder and bulimia nervosa share a lot of the same symptomatology, there is one significant difference. Persons with __________. A. bulimia nervosa are less likely to utilize "compensatory" strategies such as purging or using laxatives than are persons with binge-eating disorder B. bulimia nervosa are more likely to engage in dietary restraint than are persons with binge-eating disorder C. binge-eating disorder are less likely to utilize "compensatory" strategies such as purging or using laxatives than are persons with bulimia nervosa D. binge-eating disorder are more likely to engage in self injury than are persons with bulimia nervosa

C

Although there are similarities between bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder (BED), one feature distinguishes the two. Individuals with __________. A. bulimia nervosa do not engage in compensatory behaviors after binging; those with BED do B. bulimia nervosa typically are also diagnosed with depression; those with BED are not C. BED do not engage in compensatory behaviors after binging; those with bulimia nervosa do D. BED typically are also diagnosed with depression; those with bulimia nervosa are not

C

Tara has a BMI of 40. Persons with this BMI are considered to be __________. A. of normal weight B. overweight C. morbidly obese D. mildly obese

C

Taylor is overweight and is currently involved in a lifestyle management program to reduce her weight. According to research, what sustained weight loss is typical for persons such as Taylor, who are using a lifestyle management approach? A. 9 pounds B. 5 pounds C. 7 pounds D. 3 pounds

C

The weight loss medication, Orlistat, works by __________. A. reducing appetite by causing nausea B. targeting serotonin and other neurotransmitters C. reducing the amount of fat that can be absorbed once it enters the gut D. boosting metabolic rates, causing rapid weight loss

C

What percentage of the U.S. population is of normal or healthy weight? A. less than one-quarter B. less than two-thirds C. less than one-third D. less than one half

C

When people are given free access to food, the amount eaten each day is around __________ of what they actually need for their energy requirements. A. 75 percent B. 90 percent C. 150 percent D. 110 percent

C

Which gender and ethnic group has the highest levels of obesity? A. Latino women B. Asian men C. African American women D. white men

C

Which of the following is a consequence of the focus on weight and shape concerns, and particularly thinness, in the diagnosis of eating disorders? A. This may contribute to psychologists overlooking other key symptoms, like amenorrhea. B. This may lead younger people to be more likely to be diagnosed with an eating disorder than older people. C. This may contribute to more women than men receiving eating disorder diagnoses. D. This may paradoxically cause women diagnosed with eating disorders to care more about thinness.

C

Historically, population groups that were most susceptible to starvation are people who are __________. A. less likely to become obese when they have a high carbohydrate diet and are physically active B. not likely to become obese when they have a sedentary lifestyle and a Western diet C. likely to maintain a low body weight when they are physically active and have an Eastern diet D. more likely to become obese when they have a sedentary lifestyle and a Western diet

D

Taking an FDA approved drug to help with weight loss will most likely lead to __________. A. major side effects B. major weight loss that persists over time C. no change in weight D. some weight loss, but less than hoped

D

The term anorexia nervosa, which literally means "lack of appetite induced by nervousness," is a somewhat of a misnomer because __________. A. very few people with anorexia nervosa report significant anxiety or nervousness B. most people with anorexia nervosa report having a voracious appetite, not a lack of appetite C. individuals with anorexia nervosa often exhibit high energy levels that are mis-identified as nervousness D. a lack of appetite is not the core issue for individuals with anorexia nervosa, and individuals with anorexia nervosa may not even experience a lack of appetite

D

What brain changes were noted in the research with rats that were provided extended access to high-fat and high-sugar foods? A. The rats exhibited an upregulation of activity in their brain reward circuits. B. There was an increase in activity in the amygdala of the rats' brains. C. Brain scans of the rats revealed a decrease in frontal lobe activity. D. The rats exhibited a downregulation of activity in their brain reward circuits.

D

What essential amino acid is serotonin made from? A. histidine B. phenylalanine C. lysine D. tryptophan

D

What kind of medication is commonly used to treat bulimia nervosa? A. neuroleptics B. anticonvulsants C. anti-anxiety D. antidepressants

D

Which of the following disorders is more likely to occur in relatives of people suffering from bulimia nervosa? A. obsessive-compulsive disorder B. schizophrenia C. panic disorder D. alcohol dependence

D

Which of the following is a risk factor for disordered eating for men but not for women? A. perfectionism B. body dissatisfaction C. participation in competitive athletics D. sexual orientation

D

Which of the following is likely to occur when the body goes into "starvation mode"? A. Most people tend to become more physically active. B. The metabolic rate increases in order to motivate the individual to seek out food. C. The individual is more likely to seek out foods high in carbohydrates. D. The metabolic rate slows and the individual feels less full after eating.

D

__________ is a hormone that informs the central nervous system about the status of the body's fat reserves. A. Cortisol B. Ghrelin C. Oxytocin D. Leptin

D.

purge

refers to the removal of food from the body by such means as self induced vomiting or misuse of laxatives, diuretics and enemas