Abnormal Psych Final- Practice Test

Which of the following is a central nervous system depressant approved for the treatment of the sleep disorder narcolepsy?

Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB)

Which form of pedophilic disorder is the most common?

Heterosexual men who are attracted to young girls

________ refers to the similarity in people's answers among different parts of the same test.

Internal consistency reliability

Which of these is a major reason why ketamine users may injure themselves when they are intoxicated?

It is an anesthetic.

Which of the following makes cocaine more likely than most substances to lead to a stimulant use disorder?

Its rapid, strong effects on the brain's reward centers

Which of the following is true of the difference between persistent depressive disorder and major depressive disorder?

Major depressive disorder is more severe and less chronic than persistent depressive disorder.

Which of the following best explains why those who take heroin while on methadone do not experience heroin's intense psychological effects?

Methadone blocks receptors for heroin.

Which of the following was developed by William Miller to elicit and solidify clients' motivation and commitment to changing their substance use behaviors?

Motivational interviewing

Factitious disorders are also referred to as ________.

Munchhausen's syndrome

Which of the following parenting styles is likely to increase a child's vulnerability to conduct disorder?

Parents who physically abuse their children

Which of the following applies to generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?

People with GAD often feel tired due to chronic muscle tension and sleep loss.

Which of the following statements is true of psychotherapy for anorexia?

People with anorexia nervosa highly value their thinness and can be resistant to therapists' attempts to change their behaviors or attitudes.

Which of the following is the most common type of delusion?

Persecutory delusions

Which of the following is NOT true about the interaction between genes and the environment?

Personalities and interests are not reinforced by the environments we choose.

________ tests are based on the assumption that people will interpret ambiguous stimuli in line with their current concerns and feelings, their relationships with others, and their conflicts or desires.

Projective

Which of the following statements about Dorothea Dix is true?

She found the treatment of the mentally ill in America dehumanizing and set out on a quest to improve their condition by lobbying in different states to get laws passed.

Which of the following is NOT a biological intervention that has been used to treat pedophilic disorder?

Surgery on areas of the brain thought to control sexual behavior

Which of the following is a cognitive strategy for treating clients with schizophrenia?

Teaching patients ways of disputing their delusional beliefs or hallucinatory experiences

What differentiates flooding from systematic desensitization?

The intensity of exposure to the feared stimuli

Benzodiazepines are used to reduce alcohol dependence. Why is the dosage of the specific benzodiazepine decreased each day while using it to treat a substance use disorder?

To ensure that the person does not become dependent on the benzodiazepine

According to the philosophy of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), the only way to control alcohol intake is to:

abstain completely

June is finding it difficult to recognize familiar objects, like tables and chairs, and people, like her close friends and family members. June is most likely experiencing ________.

agnosia

Ruth is afraid of being in large open spaces. She is especially worried that she will not be able to leave the area if she begins to panic. Ruth is most likely experiencing ________.

agoraphobia

A loss of interest or pleasure in previously enjoyed activities is called ________.

anhedonia

In the context of emotional responses, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) plays an important role in ________ symptoms.

anxiety

A person experiencing ________ will have difficulty carrying out actions such as washing their hands when requested.

apraxia

Individuals with narcissistic personality disorder are characterized by ________.

arrogance

Which of the following is a proven method for preventing weight gain and reducing weight?

be more active throughout the day

The ________ drugs such as Xanax, Librium, Valium, and Serax provide short-term relief from anxiety symptoms but have side effects and addictiveness that preclude long-term use.

benzodiazepine

Obesity is linked to increased risk for all of the following EXCEPT:

caeserian sections

The agitation some people experience while taking an SSRI may contribute to an increase in suicidal thoughts and behavior. This risk may be greatest for:

children and adolescents.

Lithium is:

commonly used in the treatment of bipolar disorder.

Most people who were diagnosed with one DSM-IV-TR disorder also met the criteria for another disorder. This overlap among disorders is known as ________.

comorbidity

________ are repetitive behaviors or mental acts that an individual feels he or she must perform.

compulsions

________ validity is the extent to which a test yields the same results as other, established measures of the same phenomena.

concurrent

Lorna found her husband dead in their bedroom. He had been shot in the chest. After this incident, Lorna has been unable to see. Lorna is most likely exhibiting a symptom of ________ disorder.

conversion

Elizabeth Loftus's "lost at the mall" studies showed how easy it is to ________.

create a false memory

The third stage of alcohol withdrawal is typically characterized by:

delirium

Jamal believes that he is being followed but shows no other psychotic symptoms. Other than his delusion, he does not act oddly or have difficulty functioning. He is most likely to be diagnosed with ________ disorder.

delusional disorder

A child diagnosed with intermittent explosive disorder is most likely to perform which of the following behaviors?

destroy property

Cognitive theorists have argued that some people with narcissistic personality disorder:

develop the belief that they are unique or exceptional as a defense against rejection.

Verna has no idea how she ended up in her current surroundings. She feels comfortable and is not bothered by the fact that she cannot remember her past. Verna is most likely to be experiencing a(n) ________.

dissociative amnesia with dissociative fugue

Cocaine prevents the reuptake of ________ into the transmitting neuron, causing it to accumulate in the synapse and maintaining the pleasurable feeling associated with cocaine use.

dopamine

People with schizotypal personality disorder tend to show dysregulation of ________ in the brain.

dopamine

The symptoms of Parkinson's disease result from the death of brain cells that produce the neurotransmitter ________.

dopamine

A(n) ________ measures electrical activity along the scalp produced by the firing of specific neurons in the brain, and it is often used to detect seizure activity.

electroencephalogram (EEG)

The translation of the Greek term "agoraphobia" means:

fear of the marketplace

The disease, ________, has been characterized as one of the single most important discoveries underpinning modern biological theories of abnormality.

general paresis

According to Hilde Bruch (1972, 1983), anorexia nervosa often occurs in girls who:

have been high achievers, and are dutiful and compliant daughters.

According to Linehan, people diagnosed with borderline personality disorder:

have deficits in emotional regulation.

Low-grade hypertension, combined with increases in the levels of triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein, puts alcohol abusers mostly at increased risk for:

heart disease.

All of the following are considered serious physical consequences of anorexia nervosa EXCEPT:

hiatal hernias.

When different individuals score a test and come to similar conclusions after evaluating the same people, the test is said to have ________ reliability.

high inter-rater

People who develop dissociative identity disorder tend to be:

highly suggestible and hypnotizable.

A ________ is a chemical that carries messages throughout the body, potentially affecting a person's moods, levels of energy, and reactions to stress.

hormone

Authors of the DSM-5 proposed adding the diagnosis of ________, which is characterized by excessive preoccupation with sexual fantasies, urges, and activities and lasts at least six months, but the proposal was rejected.

hypersexual disorder

Erectile disorder is sometimes referred to as ________.

impotence

________ are volatile substances that produce chemical vapors, which can be inhaled and which depress the central nervous system.

inhalants

Cholinesterase ________, a class of drugs approved to treat the cognitive symptoms of neurocognitive disorder, ________.

inhibitors; help prevent the breakdown of acetylcholine.

Phenylketonuria (PKU):

involves an inability to metabolize phenylalanine, an amino acid.

Margaret received an intelligence quotient (IQ) score of 100 on her intelligence test. How does her performance most likely compare with the average performance of other individuals in her age group?

it is similar

If a person experiences a loss of interest in usual activities and at least four other depressive symptoms chronically for at least two weeks, and these symptoms are severe enough to interfere with the person's ability to function in everyday life, the person meets the criteria for ________.

major depressive disorder

In the context of the schedules of reinforcement in operant conditioning, if a behavior is ________ reinforced, it is more difficult to extinguish.

negatively

________ is not designated as an eating disorder in DSM-5.

obesity

Which of the following is true of people with alcohol use disorders in the United States?

only about 25% seek treatment

Individuals with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder tend to be highly:

perfectionistic.

A(n) ________ trait is a complex pattern of behavior, thought, and feeling that is stable across time and across many situations.

personality

Studies have found that antisocial adults have abnormal levels of functioning in the:

prefrontal cortex

The pituitary gland is responsible for:

producing a variety of hormones and controlling the secretion of other endocrine glands.

Fluctuations in ________ levels might cause imbalances or dysfunction of the serotonin or GABA systems in females, leading to panic attacks.

progesterone

________ tests are based on the assumption that people will interpret ambiguous stimuli in line with their current concerns and feelings, their relationships with others, and their conflicts or desires.

projective

Clinicians from ________ perspectives value projective test as tools for assessing the underlying conflicts and concerns of individuals.

psychodynamic

Amnesia is categorized as either ________ or ________.

psychogenic; organic

The study of abnormal psychology is the study of people who suffer mental, emotional, and often physical pain. This is also referred to as ________.

psychopathology

Nadia excludes a few girls from play, gossips about them, and gangs up with her friends to cyber bully them. These are examples of ________.

relational aggression

When a client is unwilling to or cannot reveal certain material to the clinician, this problem is often referred to as ________.

resistance

Marsha has dementia. It is becoming increasingly difficulty for her to remember her past. Sometimes she forgets her children's names. Marsha's amnesia would be categorized as ________.

retrograde

Dimitri tends to move his body in a repetitive manner such as waving his hands. These behaviors sometimes are referred to as ________.

self-stimulatory behaviors

People with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) often get some relief from their symptoms when they take drugs that better regulate the neurotransmitter ________.

seratonin

Which of the following neurotransmitters has been linked to poor impulse control and aggression in people diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder?

serotonin

The ________ disorders are a group of disorders in which people experience significant physical symptoms for which there is no apparent organic cause.

somatic symptom

Antisocial personality disorder tends to have high comorbidity with ________.

substance abuse

________ is a set of physiological and behavioral symptoms that result when people who have been using substances heavily for prolonged periods of time stop or greatly reduce their use.

substance withdrawal

Neurotransmitters are released into the ________, the gap between synaptic terminals and adjacent neurons, and then bind to special ________, molecules on the membrane of adjacent neurons.

synapse; receptors

The set of symptoms of a diagnosis that tend to occur together is called a(n) ________.

syndrome

A common side effect of neuroleptics that consists of involuntary movements of the tongue, mouth, or jaw is ________.

tardive dyskinesia

When retrograde amnesia is due to organic causes, people will typically remember:

their personal identities

Doctors can recognize people with bulimia nervosa because of the fact that:

they tend to have an electrolyte imbalance

Therapists who work with people with gender dysphoria typically:

try to help them clarify their gender identity and desire for treatment.

Recent research on comorbidity led to diagnostic systems that:

use a dimensional approach to diagnosis rather than the previous systems, which attempts to identify discrete categories of disorders.

Many public hospitals at the turn of the twentieth century:

were no better than warehouses because of reduced funding and decline in quality of care.

DSM-5 has added the words ________ to the DID criterion A. This makes the criteria more applicable to diverse cultural groups and to identify a common presentation of DID in non-Western cultures as well as subgroups in Western cultures.

"or an experience of possession"

It is estimated that, within the United States, ________ percent of the population will develop schizophrenia at some time in their lives.

1 to 2

Identical twins have ________ of their genes in common.

100%

Nationwide, the number of children prescribed stimulant medications increased by ________ percent in the past two decades.

200 to 300

Approximately ________ percent of individuals diagnosed with childhood-onset conduct disorder engage in criminal behavior and drug abuse as teens.

50

In which of the following categories of sports are athletes most likely to have a feeding and eating disorder?

Aesthetic sports

Which of the following is the most common contributor to dissociative identity disorder?

Chronic physical or sexual abuse during childhood

Which of the following is the greatest limitation of the cognitive theories?

Cognitive theories have had difficulty proving that maladaptive cognitions precede and cause disorders rather than being the symptoms or consequences of the disorders.

Which of the following treatments is most effective in preventing relapse in clients with panic disorders?

Cognitive-behavioral therapies

Which of the following is NOT considered an essential component of client-centered therapy (CCT)?

Conditional positive regard

Sandy was born with a flat face, a small nose, protruding lips and tongue, and slanting eyes. These features were a result of chromosome 21 being present in triplicate. Sandy was most likely born with ________.

Down Syndrome

________ developed a scheme of classifying symptoms into discrete disorders that is the basis for our modern classification systems.

Emil Kraepelin

Which of the following is true about the neurotransmitters involved in schizophrenia?

Excess dopamine activity in the mesolimbic pathway and unusually low dopamine activity in the prefrontal area play a role in schizophrenia.

________ involves the use of nonliving objects for sexual arousal or gratification.

Fetishistic disorder