Abnormal Psychology
Munchausen syndrome by proxy
"factitious disorder imposed on another" was called
cyclothymic
2 types of mood disorder in which mood alternations are the primary characteristic are bipolar disorder and ____ disorders
0.70
7 out of 10 is
Case Study
A _____ refers to intensive study of a single person in detail
Delusion
A ______ in schizophrenia is a deeply entrenched false belief not consistent with client's intelligence and or cultural background
Structured
A _______ interview provides standardized questions that are worded the same way for all clients and can either provide a diagnosis on which to base further treatment or classify the clients symptoms into a DSM disorder
specific
A _______ phobia is when an individual experiences intense and marked fear and will go to extreme lengths to avoid whatever is causing the fear
Reliability
A client takes an MMPI-2 test in January and then takes the same test again in March. The scores each time are similar. This illustrates
mental status examination
A clinician who is assessing a clients current state of mind is most likely conducting:
fetal alcohol syndrome
A condition involving intellectual disability that develops in the child of a woman who regularly consumers excess amount of alcohol while she is pregnant
Schizoaffective
A diagnosis of ____ disorder is made when a person has a depressive and or bipolar disorder as well as psychotic symptoms
self-report
A major advantage of a _____ inventory is that it is easy to administer and score, and so a large number of people can take it efficiently
Five subtypes
A major change in the DSM-5 from DSM-IV-TR is that the DSM-5 no longer divides schizophrenia into
delusional
A person diagnosed with a _______ disorder has delusions that have lasted for at least one month, but the person has no other symptoms of schizophrenia
social
A person with a diagnosis of schizophrenia shows deficits in the area of _____ cognition, meaning that they have difficulty perceiving the emotions of others
Psych Assessment
A procedure in which a clinician provides a formal evaluation of an individuals cognitive, personality and psychosocial functioning
Valid
A researcher has invented a psychological test that assesses personality. Psychologists who use it say it is _____ because it measures what it was designed to measure
negative (kind of correlation)
A study evaluating the effect of stress on the overall quality of life indicated that increased stress was instrumental in substantially lowering the overall quality of life. This is an example of
graduated exposure
Abby's therapist and Abby have developed a hierarchy of social situations that range from not very threatening to very threatening. The therapist's strategy is to start with the least threatening and work up to assist Abby in not being so sensitive to rejection, to improve Abby's sense of unworthiness, and to assist her in having more relationships with others. This is a description of using ___ ______ to treat Abby's diagnosis of avoidant personality disorder
Neural Circulty
According to recent research, people with ASD may have less ability to share information between two cerebral hemispheres. This indicates the condition is related to abnormalities in
11%
According to the U.S. government's National institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), in 2016, what percentage of the population used an illicit drug in the preceding 30 days?
sociocultural
According to the _____ perspective, individuals develop depressive disorders in response to external life events
receives adequate health care
According to the biopsychosocial model, it is most likely that an individuals vulnerability to develop abnormal behavioral tendencies will be low when they..
-perceptual components -behavioral components -cognitive-affective components
According to the psychological perspective, which of the following are components of eating disorders
external life circumstances
According to the sociocultural perspective, individuals develop depressive disorders in response to
Major Depressive Disorder
Acute but time-limited periods of depressive symptoms are indicative of which of the following disorders?
narcissistic personality disorder
Adam believes he is exceptional, should be treated as special, and is entitled to a promotion at work. He spends a considerable amount of time creating the right impression with people. His boss is getting a little tired of Adam's attempts to gain his approval and the approval of his coworkers Adam saw a clinician several weeks ago and was diagnosed with a personality disorder. Which one is most likely
Persistent
Adults with _____ depressive disorder (dysthymia) have, for at least 2 years, a milder course of depressive symptoms than those associated with major depressive disorder
myopia
Alcohol ___ theory states that as people consume greater amounts of alcohol, they are more likely to make risky choices because the immediate temptation of the moment overcomes the possible long-term consequences
inappropriate affect
Alexis giggles at a funeral. The best description for this is:
-CBT -Exposure Therapy -SSRIs
American Psychological Association's Clinical Practice Guidelines for the treatment of PTSD in adults recommends which 3 interventions?
obsession
An ______ is a recurrent, persistent, and anxiety provoking thought, urge, or image that an individual experiences intrusive or unwanted feelings.
intelliegence
An _________________ test can be used to assess overall cognitive abilities, assess the likelihood of future academic success and assist in the diagnosis of learning disabilities.
Wernicke's disease
An acute and potentially reversible condition involving delirium, eye movement disturbances, difficulties in movement and balance, and deterioration of the peripheral nerves to the hands and feet because of a thiamine deficiency caused by chronic alcohol use is
Ventricular enlargement
An early discovery resulting from neuroimaging investigations of the brains of those diagnosed with schizophrenia was
By using double-blind method
An undergraduate psych student is required to participate in 3 experiments conducted by Grad students and faculty to complete their intro to psych. She resents having to and decides to intentionally distort her responses. How can the teacher eliminate any biases?
Conversion Disorder
Anderson tayler is a successful prosecuting attorney who wins virtually all of his cases. In several days, he will begin a case in which he will prosecute a notorious mobster. As he was walking home, he was accosted by several people who roughed him up and threatened to kill him if he persecuted the mobster. The next morning he woke up and was unable to speak. This is an example of
memory
Anorexia Nervosa alters brain activity in each of the following brain-processing areas EXCEPT
The Clinical Interview
Assessment process typically begins with
withdrawl
Bart was a heavy drinker of alcohol but one day decided to just stop completely. He immediately began to have severe physiological and psychological symptoms, including anxiety and shakiness. Bart is most likely displaying substance
Women of Native American Descent
Based on the incidence of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome in various ethnic groups, who has the highest risk
FALSE
Because of activation within the brain's internally based attentional circuits people with major depressive disorder focus attention outward
delving into the unconscious traumas which may have contributed to depression
Behavior therapy for depression includes each of the following EXCEPT:
TRUE
Best antidepressant medication for a client is determined by the clinician, often following a process of trial and errors
60-70%
Between ________ of individuals with major depressive disorder don't achieve symptom relief, even with best of treatment
Manic
Bipolar disorder involves an intense and very disruptive experience of a _____ episode, which may also occur in alteration with major depressive episodes
-executive functioning -memory -attention
Brain sears and testing suggest that people with bipolar disorder have difficulties in which?
Negative symptoms
Brandom has recently been diagnosed with schizophrenia. His therapist notes that he is exhibiting restricted affect in that he is unable to take action or empathize with others. These symptoms are
chronic
By definition, an anxiety disorder is the experience of _______ feelings of anxiety
2
By definition, people with DID have at least ___ distinct identities
Biological
Calvin works at a paper manufacturing company. The bleaching agents used by the company are toxic in nature, making him experience intense depressive episodes due to a change in his brain functioning. This is a ______ cause.
Avoilition
Charlotte has been diagnosed with schizophrenia and her psychologist notes that she demonstrates some negative symptoms. Among them is her lack of initiative and not wanting to take any behavioral action. The technical term for this is :
pica
Children who eat inedible things such as paint, paper, string, and hair might have a serious disorder called
Reactive attachment
Children who literally react against attachment to others are likely to be diagnosed with ____ _____ disorders
obsessive-compulsive
Clarice is an accountant and has recently been diagnosed with a personality disorder. She is perfectionistic , work-focused to the exclusion of social relationships, and has strong opinions of right and wrong. Which of the following personality disorders best fits Clarice
quasi-experiment design
Clients with schizophrenia are informed that they would be part of an experiment. Then they were seperated on the basis of their sex and the intensity of the symptoms they exhibit is studied. This is an example of
Bipolar
Clinicians diagnose people who have manic episodes as having ______ disorder.
Cognitive
Clinicians who use ______ behavioral therapy work with their clients to try challenge the nature of their thought processes
odd, eccentric cluster
Cluster A of the personality disorders of the DMS-5 is the
Stuttering
Communication disorder in which individual has a disturbance in the normal fluency and patterning of speech
serotonin modulators
Compared to other antidepressants, ____ ____ have fewer side effects
response-contingent and positive reinforcement
Contemporary behaviorists base their approach to the cause of depression on the idea that depressed people have a low rate of
involve a shorter duration
Criteria for a hypomanic episode are similar to those for a manic episode but
-interpersonal functioning -impulse control -cognition -affectivity
DSM-5 diagnostic criteria require that a person's behavior patterns must fit at least two of which of the following areas in order to receive a diagnosis of a personality disorder
frontal
Deterioration of the ____ lobes results in a diminished ability to exert control over intrusive thoughts and uncontrollable behaviors
is malingering
Donahue does not want to go to school and take a test he did not prepare for. He splashes warm water on his face, sticks the thermometer under hot water, and shows it to his mother to make her think he has a fever. Donahue...
-skills training -graduated exposure -relationship training
Dr. Allison is a cognitive-behavioral therapist treating Anna for avoidant personality disorder. Which of the following treatment techniques would Dr. Allison be most likely to use
psychodynamic perspective
Dr. Fraser says that narcissism is the person's failure to progress beyond the early, highly self focused stages of psychosexual development. Dr. Fraser is reflecting the
The Barnum Effect
Dr.Herrington writes her psychological report and says, "the client has a good understanding of herself and gets along well with others" this generic statement is
in vivo observation
Dr.Hunter is a child psychologist who does much of her research observing childrens patterns of play in natural settings
PSychoeducation
Dr.Jonas is beginning treatment with Sean, 8 years old, whom she has diagnosed with ADHD. She begins by helping him understand his disorder.
Journaling
Each of the following are behavior therapy interventions except for:
depression
Each of the following is a scale on the Stanford-Binet intelligence test EXCEPT
antisocial personality disorder
Elton has some long standing inflexible traits that have caused him to be diagnosed with a personality disorder. He is involved in the legal system but says he intends to outsmart all the fancy lawyers; he is impulsive, lies to a manipulates others, and has no remorse for such actions. Which is the most likely personality disorder he has been diagnosed with
borderline personality disorder
Emily has been hospitalized and diagnosed with a personality disorder. Her sister tells the clinician that Emily spends all her time "pestering" family members and is moody, demanding, and reckless. She talks continuously about not knowing what to do in her life. When Emily is interviewed, she tells the clinician that she feels empty all the time. Which of the following disordres is Emily's most likely diagnosis
LSD
Ethan takes some tablets his roommate gives him and immediately there is a dramatic change in his sensations. He believes that numbers have their own special flavor, and he says he is able to see sounds. The drug in the tablets is most likely
Intensity and Duration of training program
Factors best predicts success of behavioral interventions in treating ASD
imaginal
Flooding is when the client is totally immersed in sensation of anxiety and ______ flooding is when clients are virtually exposed to feared situations
panic
For a clinician to assign a diagnosis of ___ disorder, the individual would have to experience panic attacks on a repeated basis and be bothered by fear of having another one
FALSE
From biological perspective, dissociative, somatic symptom, and related disorders are viewed in terms of the thoughts linked to their physical symptoms
-argumentative or defiant behavior -anger and vindictiveness -self-righteousness
Hallmarks of oppositional defiant disorder include which of the following
Paranoia
Hayden has irrational beliefs and or perceptions that others wish to cause him harm. Which best describes him?
60-70%
Heritability estimates for schizophrenia range from
it can help the client develop a coherent sense of themselves and their experiences
How can cognitive behavioral therapy be helpful for the treatment of DID?
as effective as CBT
How effective is contemporary psychodynamic therapy according to research?
8-10
How many sessions does contemporary psychodynamic therapy usually involve?
TRUE
Huntington's disease is caused by a genetic abnormality
Which of the following is true about Case Studies
Ideal for researchers intended to conduct intensive investigations of an individual or group of individuals
schizophreniform disorder
If a person experiences symptoms of schizophrenia for a period from one to six months
dissociative
In ______ disorders, the separation of mental functions occur to an extreme degree
-record keeping of frequency of engaging in rewarding activities -setting of small, weekly goals that gradually increase frequency of rewarding activities -setting of small, weekly goals that gradually increase frequency of rewarding activities -engaging in behaviors that are consistent with core values
In behavioral activation, which occurs?
Reduce blood flow to the brain
In context of treating psychology disorders, the "tranquillizer" chair was used to reduce blood flow to the brain
faking the illness in themself ; faking the illness in someone else
In factitious disorder imposed on self, the individual is ___ ___ ____ ___ ; in factitious disorder imposed on another, the individual is ___ _ _____ ____ ______
develop more positively reinforcing experiences
In general, behavior therapy for depressions helps clients
cognitive behavioral therapy
In general, what is considered most effective psychological treatment for PTSD?
Depression
In order to be diagnosed with brief psychotic disorder, a person must experience one of four symptoms EXCEPT
behavioral activation
In the method known as _____ ______ for depression, clinician helps the clients identify activities associated with positive mood
behavioral activation
In the method known as _____ _______ for depression, clinician helps clients identify activities associated with positive mood
-serotonin -norepinephrine
Increasing evidence points to the role of which neurotransmitters in the development of major depressive disorder?
Serotonin
Increasing evidence points to the role of which neurotransmitters in the development of major depressive disorder?
Psychoanalytic
Individuals develop feelings of grandiosity and elation or become hyperenergetic: as an unconscious defense against sinking into gloom and despair. This is the explanation for bipolar disorder from which perspective:
projective
Josh will not provide accurate statements on a self-report inventory, so Josh's psychologist has decided to use a ________ test, in which the examiner asks the test-taker to find meaning in an ambiguous term
behavior consequences
Kayla has been seeing a psychologist for help in smoking cessation. The psychologist works with kayla to note the events that follow her smoking. These events are called
gambling disorder
Ken feels compelled to bet on horses and is at the race track whenever there are races. Ken has lost a lot of money, but he knows he can win with just one lucky break. He does not tell his wife how much he has actually lost. Ken would likely be diagnosed with which of the following?
Paranoid
Mareka has recently been diagnosed with a personality disorder. Her therapist asks her about how things are going in her life, and Mareka says her neighbor is trying to make trouble for her, her ex-husband is trying to get custody of their children, her employer is looking for an excuse to fire her, her boyfriend is probably cheating on her, and her coworkers are out to get her. Mareka likely has which type of personality disorder
Biological Cause
Maria was involved in a serious car accident- making her act bizarre.
Major Depressive Disorder
Marissa has been several down in the dumps for the last several weeks. She's not eating nor socializing, and most mornings she has trouble getting up. This occurred once before about four months ago and lasted two months.
Standardization
Marissa is a clinician-in-training who is administering intelligence tests. Her supervisor reminds her that it is crucial that she follow the exact instructions in the administration and scoring of the test each time
biopsychosocial
Mark has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder, and his symptoms are best controlled with medications. Although he will need to remain on medications. Which theoretical perspective would emphasize the importance of Mark maintaining employment, creating interpersonal relationships, and monitoring his overall physical health?
Sociocultural Cause
Martin Salambo - the only African American in his class was always looked down on, causing him to have inferiority complex and depression
Restricted affect
Mary Ann has been diagnosed with schizophrenia and often presents to others as devoid of emotional response. The best description for this is
Bipolar Disorder
Matilda has been on top of the world the past week. She feels invincible and that she can do no wrong. She is working on solving the worlds major problems and is sure she can come up with an answer. She has had very little sleep over the last few days. This could best be described as:
NEO_PI_R
Maxine's psychologist asked her husband to complete a personality inventory about her and bring it back in the next session
dyslexia
Meredith, 6 years old, has difficulty in reading. She sometimes switches "b" and "d" and "m" and "n".
Hallucination
Monique, who has been diagnosed with schizophrenia, often reports smelling a burning smell, but the fire department and her family don't smell it. The best description of this is a ______
blocking the effects of the body's production of alcohol-induced opioids
Naltexone reduces alcohol consumption by
Cognitive
Neuropsychological assessment is the process of gathering information about a clients _____ function on the basis of performance on psychological tests.
Catatonic
No longer considered a subtype of schizophrenia, ________ is characterized by extreme motor disturbances that have no direct physiological cause
China
Of the following, which country has the lowest prevalence rates of specific phobias?
amphetamines
Olga has been taking drugs that affect both her central nervous system and autonomic nervous system. When she takes these drugs, she becomes hostile, violent, and paranoid, and her blood pressure increases. Which of the following is she most likely taking
lack of positive reinforcement
One of the earliest behavioral formulations of theories of depression regards symptoms of depression as resulting from
lack of positive reinforcement
One of the earliest behavioral formulations of theories of depression regards the symptoms of depression as resulting from
-substance use disorders -other anxiety disorders -depressive disorders
Other than PTSD symptoms themselves, what were some of the long-term effects for survivors of the 1980 North Sea Oil Rig Disaster?
for more than 2 months
PEople with cyclothymic disorder are never without symptoms for
Demand Characteristics
Participants expectation of what is going to happen to them in an experiment are referred to as
separation anxiety disorder
Paulina refuses to spend the night at a friends house and can't sleep without a parent sitting with her. She's upset when one of her parents leaves for work
FALSE
People whose mood disorders are primarily biological in origin should only be treated with medication
insecure
People with an _____ attachment style have a greater risk for developing depressive disorders in adulthood
-they had good social and personal functioning prior to psychotic episode -they seem confused and perplexed during the psychotic episode -they have a repid development of symptoms
People with schizophreniform disorder are less likely to develop full-blown schizophrenia if :
intellectual developmental disabilities
Pica is the most serious cause of self-injury to occur in people with
Specific Learning Disorders
Practitioners believe that the "response to intervention" (RTI) approach is the best approach to identify children with
integrated
Probably the most exciting development in understanding schizophrenia is evolution of an _____ approach
manic
Psychoanalytic explanations of bipolar disorder propose that _____ episodes are defensive responses through which individuals stave of feelings of inadequacy, loss, and helplessness
Assessment
Psychological _____ is a procedure in which a clinician provides a formal evaluation of a person cognitive, personality, and psychosocial functioning
Bipolar II Diisorder
Quentin has, in the past, been severely depressed. Recently, however, he has felt mildly ecstatic. He's more energetic than normal, doesn't sleep much, and has had some pressured speech. This lasts for about 4 days before leveling off into more normal behaviors. What is probably the best diagnosis
Combined
Raven can't sit still or focus, talks a lot and is often hyperactive and impulsive. Which type of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder could she have?
selective mutism
Refusing to talk in specific situations is the core feature of the disorder known as
Avolition
Regarding symptoms of schizophrenia, the term _____ is used to describe a lack of initiative
Auditory Hallucination
Robert has recently been diagnosed with schizophrenia. He hears voices instructing him to run far away, but there is no one around. This is an...
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reuptake
SNRIs selectively block to _____ of norepinephrine and serotonin
generalized
Sally feels anxious and worried most of the time and cannot understand why. Sally may be experiencing _____ anxiety disorder
A delusion
Samuel has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. His parents first knew something was wrong when he announced that he was an archangel in the service of the angel gabriel. This best fits the description of:
-she has deficits in social cognition
Sandy was diagnosed with schizophrenia some time ago. She has considerable difficulty recognizing emotional reactions of other people, and that makes it hard for her to work with others
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
Seven-year old Felicia has temper outbursts at least three or four times a week, accompanied by severe irritability that her parents and teachers have been unable to control. What is her likely diagnosis?
personality test
Shannon has been asked to complete a self-report test that is designed to assess her thoughts, behaviors, and emotions. This is most likely:
avoidant personality disorder
Shelley's roommate wonders why she never accepts any social invitations. The roommate has also noticed that Shelley is sensitive to rejection and often interprets innocent remarks are ridicule. The roommate knows Shelley has recently seen a psychologist and been diagnosed with
-mild central nervous system disturbances -serious cardiac effects
Side effects of taking Lithium?
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it interferes with the euphoria at the beginning of a manic episode
Some people who experience manic episodes stop taking lithium because
-serious cardiac effects -mild central nervous system disturbances
Some side effects of taking Lithium are:
Positive
Symptoms that a person experiences during the active phase of schizophrenia fall into a category describes as ______ symptoms, because they represent overy expressions of unusual perceptions, thoughts, and behaviors
specific learning disorder with impairment in written expression
Tabatha is in second grade but is not able to write legibly. She has difficulty spelling and makes many errors. She puts a lot of effort in.
an eating disorder
Tabitha has been going to the gym for four hours a day and watching her calorie intake. She is determined to lose weight, despite the fact she is already underweight. Which classifies her behavior?
projective test
Technique in which psychologist asks clients to assign meaning to ambiguous figures
American Psychiatric Association
The Association of Medical Superintendents of American Institutions for the insane later became known as
the tendency to use vague and generic statements that don't specifically characterize a client
The Barnum effect in clinical practice is best described as:
-negative view of future -negative view of world -negative view of self
The Cognitive Triad consists of
behavioral
The ____ approach emphasizes that specific phobias occur because the response is learned
cognitive triad
The _____ is a negative view of self, world, and the future
psychological
The _____ perspective on PTSD posits that, due to trauma, we form a biased info style the focuses our attention on potentially threatening cues
Active
The _____ phase of schizophrenia is the period during which the persons symptoms are most prominent
Reliability
The ______ of a test indicates the consistency of the scores it produces. In other words, it should produce the same results regardless of when it is given, and the individual should answer test items in a similar fashion.
positive psychology
The _________ movement views psychological disorders as difficulties that inhibit the individuals ability to achieve highly subjective well-being and feelings of fulfillment.
MMPI-2
The __________ is a popular self-report inventory that has 567 true-false statements that describe a persons thoughts, behaviors, feelings and attitudes
Gene Mapping
The attempt by biological researchers to identify the structure of a gene and the characteristics it controls is
Schizophrenia
The broad category of the mental illness known as _____ includes a set of disorders in which people experience a distorted perception of reality and impairment in thinking, behavior, affect, and motivation.
a test measures what it was designed to measure
The concept of validity of a psychological test refers to the idea that
Tay-Sachs Disease
The disorder that causes developmental delays and early deaths, usually before the ages of four or five
-they are objective, in the subjective judgements is not required on the part of the examiner -computers can score them and produce brief, explanatory reports -can be completed independently, as paper and pencil or on a computer
The following are advantages of the self-report clinical inventories:
-thought processes -perception and judgement
The following are assessed during the mental status examination :
-classification of a clients symptoms into a DSM disorder -standardized questions
The following are components of a structured interview :
-info gathering -making observations -face-to-face interactions
The following are components of the clinical interview:
-actions are recorded -antecedents and consequences are noted
The following are features of behavioral assessment:
-its a personality inventory -originally published in 1943 -popular self-report inventory
The following are true of the MMPI-2:
-same scoring procedures should be used for each person taking a test -a given score on the test should have a meaning that is dearly different from another score -the same instructions should be given each time a test is taken
The following describes concept of standardization in psychological testing :
-has 240 items that measure 5 personality dimensions -less oriented in clinical use -designated for both test-taker and people who know the test-taker
The following is true of the NEO Personality Inventory:
-yields an overall IQ score -originally developed in early 1900s -average IQ is 100
The following is true of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test:
-originally developed in 1939 and published in 1955 -originally developed for use in clinical settings -there is an adult version, children version, and preschooler version
The following is true of the Wechsler Intelligence Scales:
incidence
The frequency of new cases of a disorder within a given time period is referred to as
operant conditioning
The lovaas treatment rests on principles of
anxiety
The main feature of an ____ disorder is the experience of a chronic and intense sense of dead about what might happen to you
Vulnerability
The notion that some people have a biologically determined predisposition to developing schizophrenia but that the disorder develops only when certain environmental conditions are in place called
-understand a persons thoughts, behaviors, and emotions
The purpose of personality testing is to help the clinician :
TRUE
The reason psychotherapy is effective as a treatment for major depressive disorder is that people can work through some of their underlying issues and learn skills for managing their symptoms
Brief Psychotic
The term _____ _______ disorder is a diagnosis that clinicians use when a person develops symptoms of psychosis that last between one day and one month
Affect
The term restricted ________ is used to describe the narrowing of the range of outward expressions of emotions that is sometimes seen in persons with diagnoses of schizophrenia
cyclothymic
The two types of mood disorder in which mood alternations are primary characteristic are bipolar disorder and ____ disorder
Behaviorist
The work of Ivan Pavlov became the basis for the ________ movement begun in the United States by John B Watson
Poorer than
This course and outcomes of schizophrenia are _______ with other psychological disorders
-not playing favorites with any of the alters -establishing and maintaining a strong therapeutic alliance -helping clients see themselves and their worlds in a more favorable manner
Treatment guidelines for dissociative identity disorder emphasize which of the following?
Persistent Depressive Disorder
Tremenitia can't remember a time when she was not mildly depressed since the age of 16. Now, at 23, she works at her job, goes out with friends and functions from day to day, but still suffers from some sleep problems, low energy, and low self-esteem, and ongoing feelings of hopelessness. What could her diagnosis be?
50 to 60 percent
Twin, family, and adoption studies point to the importance of genetic factors as contributors to alcohol-related disorders, with an estimated heritability of
TRUE
Up until the 1970s, the course of schizophrenia was thought to be life long
Paranoia
Valentine is preoccupied with a number of bizarre delusions, and he has auditory hallucinations related to themes of persecution. Which of the following symptoms of schizophrenia does this best fit?
WPPSI-III
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for preschoolers is the:
18-25
What age group has the highest rates of binge drinking?
-it may be as effective -it carries fewer risks -it has less adverse side effects
What are reasons psychotherapy may be preferred to medication as treatment for major depressive disorder
there is not support for its use in reducing symptoms
What are the empirical findings concerning the antipsychotic drug risperidone
Splitting
What does the prefix "schiz" mean?
it is at least in past a genetically caused disorder
What is the current thinking on the development of schizophrenia in relation to heritability
inappropriate affect
When a person's emotional response doesnt match the social cues present in a situation, this is known as
Multicultural assessment
When conducting an assessment, psychologists must consider a client's cultural, ethnic, and racial background, which will become the basis for:
behavior in a natural context
When utilizing in vivo observations, clinicians record
-involves distorted perception -serious mental illness -involves impairment in thinking
Which are characteristics of schizophrenia?
-restricted affect -avolition -inability to empathize
Which are negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
-delusions -disorganized speech -hallucinations
Which are positive symptoms of schizophrenia?
-bizarre delusions involving persecution -auditory hallucinations of persecution -irrational perception that people are after individual
Which best represent those typical of a person with a diagnosis of paranoia:
Sociocultural, Biological, and Psychological
Which category do theories accounting for origin of schizophrenia generally fall?
tourette's disorder
Which childhood disorder is characterized by a chronic combination of chronic movement and vocal ties
Active
Which describes phase of schizophrenia during which individual's symptoms are most prominent
Schizoaffective Disorder
Which diagnosis is most appropriate for a person with a depressive or bipolar disorder who also delusions and or hallucinations?
homework assignments
Which educational intervention is a part of behavioral therapy?
Some of the characteristic features of people with Down Syndrome include a flattened nose, small ears, small mouth, and upward slanting eyes
Which is characteristic of an individual with Down Syndrome?
Younger Boys whose older male siblings provide the intervention
Which is most effective form of intervention for children with autism spectrum disorder?
treatment integrates medication, psychological, and sociocultural interventions
Which is the best description of the current state of treatment for schizophrenia?
The Sensory abnormalities of children with ASD may take form of hypersensitivity to sound, light, or smell
Which is true about Autism Spectrum Disorder?
-they develop physical complaints such as headaches, stomachaches, or nausea -they dont want to go to school -they need to sleep near their attachment figures
Which is true of children with separation anxiety disorder?
-typical or 1st generation neuroleptics -atypical or 2nd generation neuroleptics
Which is usually prescribed for a person with a diagnosis of schizophrenia?
-blood-injection-injury -natural environment (storms/fires) -insects and animals -engaging in particular situations
Which of the following are categories of specific phobias?
-gastrointestinal problems -memory loss -confusion -suicide thoughts and attempts
Which of the following are common side effects of the SNRIs
-suicidal ideation -plan development -suicide attempt
Which of the following are considered suicidal behaviors?
-severely restricting food intake -having disturbed self-perceptions of body shape -having an unrealistic fear of getting fat
Which of the following are indicative of those with anorexia nervosa?
-to encourage better diagnosis -to encourage better treatment
Which of the following are reasons why premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) was added as a diagnosable condition in the DSM-5?
-to avoid gaining weight, they engage in purging -they eat excessive amounts of food during a short period of time -they use methods such as fasting and exercising to compensate for added calories
Which of the following are typical of a person who has been diagnosed with bulimia nervosa?
Depressive Disorder
Which of the following best describes periods of symptoms in which an individual experiences an unusually intense sad mood?
-a person generalizes an appropriate fear reaction to all stimuli in the category, even harmless ones
Which of the following best describes the behaviorist view of how specific phobias develop?
-sexual abuse during childhood -traumatic event during childhood -physical abuse during childhood
Which of the following can cause a dissociative disorder?
-marked psychomotor disturbances -odd rigid poses that are held for long periods -inability to speak or move
Which of the following characterize catatonia?
A business-lead transition program for highschool students with learning disorders intended to provide on the job training
Which of the following define Project Search?
delusional disorder
Which of the following diagnosis is most likely for a person who has delusions as their only symptom? These delusions have lasted for at least a month, and the person does not now and never has met the criteria for schizophrenia?
Repeating Foul Language
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of stereotypic movement disorder:
Low self-esteem
Which of the following is NOT on of the educational deficits typically seen in children with ADHD?
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD)
Which of the following is a disorder in children that is characterized by severe and recurrent temper outbursts and irritability?
both are equally effective
Which of the following is true about the effectiveness of CBT and IPT for at least one year post-treatment?
Cognitive-behavioral therapy and behavioral therapy both meet criteria for evidence-based treatments
Which of the following is true regarding cognitive-behavioral therapy and behavioral therapy?
neuroleptics
Which of the following medications are often prescribed for a person with a diagnosis of schizophrenia
-faulty parental interaction produced defective emotional responses -poor parenting resulted in cognitive distortion -it is caused by faulty communication in childhood
Which of the following represents earliest sociocultural formulations about schizophrenia's causes
-its effective in preventing recurrence of manic episodes -effective in treating manic episodes
Which of the following statements regarding lithium are true?
getting an A in a course
Which of the following usually does NOT quality as a stressor?
sociocultural
Which perspectives regarding the development of schizophrenia best describes the idea that disturbed patterns of communication in a child's family environment responsible?
Teratogens
Which term refers to environmental hazards that include drugs or toxic chemicals, malnutrition, and infections in the mother during critical phases of prenatal development?
Kraepelin
Which theorists believed that underlying the disorder termed dementia praecox, which later became known as schizophrenia, was a disease process called "weakening" of the mental processes?
panic
While driving on a dark road, zack begins to feel physical discomfort, intense feelings of being overwhelmed, and shortness of breath. Zack is experiencing a _____ attack
Benjamin Rush
Who is found of American Psychiatry
Benedict Morel
Who was the first to identify schizophrenia as a disease?
researchers believe the subtypes arent supported by empirical evidence
Why were the five subtypes dropped from the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia?
excoriation
____ disorder is also called skin-picking disorder
hassles
_____ can have significant effects on health when there are enough of them, and you interpret them negatively
dysphoria
_____ is an essential element of a depressive disorder, is an unusually elevated sad mood.
lithium
______ , the traditional treatment for bipolar disorder, is effective in treating acute mania symptoms and preventing recurrence of manic episodes
cognitive stress
______ ________ models place greater emphasis on how you interpret events rather than on whether or not you experienced a given event
Cyclothymic
______ disorder symptoms are more chronic and less severe than those of bipolar disorder but do include both hypomanic and depressive symptoms
suicide
______ is a self-inflicted destructive act with explicit or inferred intent to die.
cognitive behavioral
_______ __________ therapy focuses on the client's dysfunctional thoughts and how to change them through cognitive restructuring
Pharmacogenetics
_______ is the use of genetic testing to determine who will and will not improve with a particular medication
Paranoia
____________ is the irrational belief or perception that others wish to cause you harm
Neuroimaging
____________ methods are now providing scientists with the ability to investigate abnormalities in the brain which may contribute to biological causes of schizophrenia
social anxiety disorder
_______________ is when an individual has marked or intense fear of public situations in which an individual may be embarrassed in public
stimulant
a ____ is a category of drug that includes substances that have an activating effect on the nervous system
reactive attachment disorder
a child raised in an orphanage is neglected and becomes emotionally withdrawn and inhibited, has little emotional control, and does not seek comfort from anyone. What's this childs most likely diagnostic
schizotypal
a client is diagnosed with __________ personality disorder because she has odd, ecentric ideas and a confusing and distorted sense of self. She also has difficulty understanding the motivations and behaviors of others, and her personality traits fall along the extremely maladaptive end of the psychoticism dimension
TRUE
a clinician would prescribe antianxiety medication only if a specific phobia interferes with the individuals ability to carry out daily activities
AUDIT
a commonly used assessment for alcohol use disorders is the
hallucinogen persisting perception disorder
a condition called _____ __ _____ _____ consists of flashbacks or spontaneous hallucinations, delusions, or disturbances in mood similar to the changes the took place while the person was intoxicated with the drug
histrionic
a diagnosis of _______ personality disorder in the DSM-5 describes a person whose behavior revolves around the seeking of attention, usually in a "theatrical" way, wanting to be on stage, admired, and praised
-difficulty controlling anger -unstable and intense relationships -chronic feelings of emptiness
a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder involves which of the following behaviors
obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
a person diagnosed with which of the following disorders is usually seen by others as rigid and stubborn
grandiose
a person high in ______ narcissism views himself as superior, unique, and entitled
paranoid
a person with a diagnosis of ____ personality disorder may be extremely suspicious of others and always on guard against potential danger or harm
dependent
a person with a diagnosis of _____ personality disorder tends to be clinging and passive and must rely on others to make decisions.
schizoid
a person with a diagnosis of ________ personality disorder might prefer to work in an isolated situation away from others
coping
a person's effort to reduce stress is called
trail
a personality ____ is an enduring pattern of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the environment and others, a pattern that characterizes the majority of a person's interactions and experiences
disorder
a personality ____ may diagnosed when people become rigidly fixed on one particular trait or set of traits
disorder
a personality _____ is an ingrained way of relating to other people, situations, and events, characterized by a rigid and maladaptive pattern of inner experience and behavior
oppositional defiant
a preadolescent boy who repeatedly loses his temper, argues with authority figures, refuses to due what he is told, and sees himself as a victim
the experiencing of physical problems and concerts about mental illness
a somatic symptom disorder is a condition in which an individuals major symptoms include
10%
about what percent of adults over the age of 65 binge drink?
-nausea -trembling -chest pain -palpitations
according to DSM-5, specificers for panic attacks include
dual
according to _____ -process theory of alcohol use disorder, there is a cognitive system involving automatic impulses and a cognitive system that could regulate such impulses
some type of traumatic event, usually during childhood
according to general consensus, the cause of the dissociative disorder is _____________________________________________________ that leads people to experience splitting apart of their conscious experiences
suffered a loss early in life that affected them at a deep intrapsychic level
according to psychoanalytic theory, people with depressive disorders
1 hypersensitivity to shame 2 misinterpreting neutral or positive remarks 3 feeling hurts because of the misinterpretation 4 retreating inward 5 placing further distance between self and other
according to the cognitive behavioral perspective, what is the progression of the development of avoidant personality disorder
Abnormal Psychology 276
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depressant
alcohol is a(n)
-lack of remorse or regret -failure to conform to social norms -manipulativeness
alicia has been diagnosed with an antisocial personality disorder. which of the following might be some of her symptoms
-early symptoms include personality changes -it affects the cerebral cortex -it is rare
alicia's father has been diagnosed with Pick's disease, when Alicia does research, which of the following does she find to be true of this disease?
it places greater emphasis on actually experiencing an event
all of the following statements are true about the cognitive stress model EXCEPT
death
alzheimer's disease continues in a progressive manner until
FALSE
alzheimer's is not necessarily a progressive disease
5.9%
among hospitalized psychiatric patients, how many had lifetime symptoms consistent with a diagnosis
hallicinogens
an ____ is a drug that causes people to experience profound distortions in their perception of reality
inhalants
are a diverse group of substances that cause psychoactive effects by producing chemical vapors. They are not in and of themselves harmful and are often found in the home and workplace
uplifts
are events on a small scale that boost feelings of well-being
55%
as many as ___ neurocognitive disorders can be caused by other diseases other than Alzheimer's
alcohol myopia theory
as people consume greater amounts of alcohol, they become more likely to make risky choices based on the rewards of the moment rather than considering longer term consequences. This is best describes as
27
average number of outbursts per year for intermittent explosive disorder
the person once had a bad experience while eating, such as choking
avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder sometimes originates because
Cognex
because of safety concerns, which of the following drugs is only rarely prescribed to treat alzheimer's disease
dialectical
behavior therapy (DBT) was developed by Marsha Linehan for use with people diagnosed with BPD
-wine -fruits -vegetables -tea
bioflavonoid, an antioxidant that occurs naturally in a number of foods, may play a preventive role in reducing the extent of memory loss in later adulthood. Which of the following are high in bioflavonoids?
-fuels distilled from petroleum -fumes from house plant -styrene used in the manufacturing of plastic
brain damage and resulting neurocognitive disorder can be caused by which of the following?
stimulant
caffeine is a ____ found in coffee, tea, chocolate, energy drinks, diet pills, and headache remedies
depression
can lead to symptoms that are similar to those apparent in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease
-have a high degree of negative emotion -show extreme lack of inhibition -have conflicts with authority figures
characterizes people with disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders
at school
children frequently exhibit selective mutism were
SSRIs
clinicians have used psychotropics, especially _____ to treat individuals with anorexia nervosa
health anxiety
clinicians treating illness anxiety assume that underlying this disorder is an unusually high level of
assessing the alcohol use patterns of their clients
clinicians who design interventions for people with alcohol use disorders begin by
elimination disorders
disorders generally diagnosed is childhood and characterized by age-appropriate incontinence are _______ _________
paxil
each of the following are drugs currently used to treat alzheimer's disease except
anxiolytics
each of the following are examples of inhalants except
intellectual impairment
each of the following are long-term negative consequences of BPD except
malingering
employees who feign sickness to get out of going to work are
pseudodementia
false dementia, a severe form of depression, is called
six months
for how long must one experience the symptoms of agoraphobia before it can be officially diagnosed
gambling offers a pattern of reinforcement and rewards
from a behavioral perspective, gambling disorder may develop because
no longer considered advisable for the treatment
from evidence-based perspective, what's current thinking about use of SSRIs to treat eating disorders
variable-ratio
from the behavioral perspective, gambling disorder may develop due to a ______ ______ schedule of reinforcement
factitious disorder imposed on self
gabriel ran hard against a wall until he dislocated his shoulder, bit his lip until it bled, tore his clothing in various areas, and rolled in dirt. He then went to the ER and told them he was attacked and beaten. He complained of a massive headache, abdominal pain, and shoulder pain. He did this because he wanted medical care.
graded in vivo exposure
gradually exposing a client to stimuli that presents greater and more intense feelings of anxiety is referred to as a procedure called
compulsion
hoarding disorder is a form of
the therapist instructs the hypnotized client to move the paralyzed limb
how is hypnosis used to test conversion disorder
in vivo flooding
if a client is afraid of heights, a clinician may bring the client to the top of a tall building
TRUE
if acute stress disorder symptoms continue beyond a month, the appropriate diagnosis would be PTSD
emotion-focused
in ___ ______ coping, individuals change the way they feel about the situation rather than changing the situation itself
dissociative
in _____ disorders, the separation of mental functions occurs to an extreme degree
facticious
in ______ disorder imposed on self, people show a pattern of falsifying symptoms that are either physical, psychological, or a combination of both, as a way to adopt a sick role
problem-focused
in _______ ______ coping, individuals attempt to reduce stress by acting to change whatever it is that makes the situation stressful
twice
in a longitudinal study of 1,400 older adults, men who were depressed had ____ the risk of developing alzheimer's disease as men who were not depressed
depression
in assessing neurocognitive disorder-like symptoms, clinicians must be aware of the condition of pseudodementia or false dementia, a severe form of
genetics/the environment
in families from lower socioeconomic levels, ___seemed to play a larger role than ____ in the level of alcohol use
69% ; 21%
in one study with kleptomania _____ had been arrested and ____ had been incarcerated
controlling negative emotions
in terms of emotions, a way to reduce perceived stress is by
graded in vivo
in the ___ ___ ____ exposure method, a client is exposed to a minor anxiety situation then gradually progressed toward those that cause greater anxiety
decreased
in the alternative personality disorder diagnostic system defined in Section 3 of the DSM-5, the number of personality disorder categories has been
flooding
in the behavioral technique called ____ one is immersed in sensation of anxiety
-disorders that were previously in their own category within the anxiety disorders -disorders in childhood that resulted from exposure of stress or trauma
in the category of trauma and stressor-related disorders, the DSM-5 includes which of the following?
factitious disorder imposed on self
in which disorder does the individual assume a sick role to get sympathy and attention
social anxiety disorder
in which of the following disorders does an individual fear becoming humiliated or embarrassed in front of other people
-they tend to be circumstantial -they lack richness of detail when describing objects, people, and events -they repeat themselves
in which of the following ways do those with alzheimer's disease tend to respond to the MMSE
body dysmorphic disorder
indira was preoccupied with the size of her nose. She constantly checked its size in mirrors or any reflecting surfaces she passed. she was convinced she needed a nose job, even though her nose was an average size, indira likely has
hypnotics
induce sleep
dimensional
instead of categorical ratings, the alternative system for diagnosing personality disorders, which is being offered on a trial basis in section 3 of the DSM-5, uses ____ ratings
-failure to control aggressive impulses -distress after outburst -interpersonal consequences
intermittent explosive disorder is associated with which of the following
cocaine
is a highly addictive central nervous system stimulant that a person snorts, injects, or smokes
amnesia
is the inability to recall previously learned information or register new memories
agoraphobia
laurie feels intense fear and anxiety every time she needs to leave her apartment. Lauria takes steps so that she rarely has to. She most likely has
sociocultural
living in a harsh social environment is an example of ________ factors that play a role in causing and aggravating stress related disorders
they contain bioflavonoids
mae's daughter feeds her blueberries every morning with her cereal because Mae is 73, and her red that blueberries are helpful in preventing Alzheimer's disease because
she seeks excitement from the act of stealing
marguerite has kleptomania. What is most likely the reason she can not resist urge
splitting
marie has a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder. When she first saw her therapist , she immediately liked her, talker about her to everyone, and could not wait for her next session. When the therapist advised her that she would be relocating and it would be necessary to transfer her to a different therapist, Marie flew into a rage and told the therapist that she hated her and hoped she died. This is an example of
precede
mood and anxiety disorders are most likely to ____ the onset of gambling disorder
vascular
neurocognitive disorder affects the supply of blood to the brain and is caused by a variety of cardiovascular risk factors
-environmental toxins, such as paint fumes -nutritional deficiencies -medication and other drugs
neurocognitive disorders can be caused by which of the following
tau
neurofibrillary tangles are made up a protein called ___ which seems to play a role in maintaining microtubule stability, which forms the axon's internal support structure
personality disorder ; anxiety disorder
one distinction between obsessive-compulsive personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder is that obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is ___ whereas obsessive-compulsive disorder is an ________
sociocultural influences
one of the causes of eating disorders is
dental decay
one of the medical problems that occurs with people who have bulimia nervosa is
FALSE
only significant and major events can classify as stress
impulse control
people in general category of ____ ________ disorders repeatedly engage in behaviors, that can be harmful, that they feel they can't control
obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
people who are perfectionistic, define themselves by their accomplishments, have difficulty completing tasks because they find flaws in their work, set unrealistic standards for themselves, and can be overly moralistic would probably be diagnosed with
panic attack
people who experience periods of intense physical discomfort, which may also include respiratory distress, are likely experiencing which of the following?
thoughts of suicide
people who were previously exposed to trauma are more likely to experience ____ __ _____ after exposure to a second traumatic events
FALSE
people with SSD are usually intentionally manufacturing symptoms for some external gain or benefit
factitious disorder imposed on another
people with ___ ___ ___ __ _____ feign the illness of someone else
body dysmorphic disorder
people with ____ ____ _____ are preoccupied with the idea that a part of their body is defective or ugly
somatic symptom disorder
people with ____ ____ _____ have physical symptoms that may or may not be accounted for by a medical condition, along with maladaptive thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
eating
people with _____ disorders experience persistent disturbances of eating and eating related behaviors that changes the way they ear or retain food
bulimia nervosa
people with ______ ______ engage in binge eating generally followed by purging
pyromania
people with ______ deliberately set fires, feel tension and or arousal before the act, are fascinated with fires and witnessing fires
conduct
people with ______ disorder violate the rights of others, along with the laws and norms of society. They may violate the rights of others, destroy property, or act aggressive towards people and animals
anorexia nervosa
people with _________ _______ feel that they are already overweight even though they may be seriously underweight, and they severely restrict their eating
fear or mistakenly believe that normal bodily reactions represent the symptoms of a serious illness
people with anxiety disorder
-impulsivity -high desire to seek stimulation -inflated self-importance
people with cluster b personality disorders exhibit which of the following characteristics
-repeatedly pick at their own skin -sometimes pick at at irregularities in the skin, such as miles and calluses -sometimes pick at skin that is healthy
people with excoriation disorder
-anxiety -tension
people with impulse-control disorders feel which of the following BEFORE they act on their impulses
display rage, rage that is out of proportion to whatever provoked the outburt
people with intermittent explosive disorder
-hypertension -coronary heart disease -stroke
people with intermittent explosive disorder are more vulnerable to
verbally or physically
people with intermittent explosive disorder express their outbursts in which way
-bipolar disorder -BPD -substance use disorder
people with intermittent explosive disorder likely for which psychological disorders co-occurrence
major neurocognitive disorder due to another general medical condition
previously, the DSM referred to a certain type of memory loss as "amnesia" . In the DSM-5, people with amnesia receive a diagnosis of
sedatives
produce soothing feeling
historic psychodynamic
professor taylor explains to his abnormal psychology class that a person with a diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder has not progressed from or is constantly returning to the anal stage of psychosexual development. This is a _____ perspective
cognitive-behavioral
professor tou explains to her abnormal psychology class that a person with a diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder has unrealistic expectations about being perfect and avoiding mistakes. This is a _____ perspective
dopamine
pyromania may reflect abnormalities in _______ functioning in the areas of the brain involving behaviors
disclosing feelings about one's stress
recent research suggest ______ ________ ________ _____ _____ has positive mental health benefits
chromosome 1
research suggests possible genetic abnormalities in the opioid receptor on _____ that may be involved in alcohol and other substance disorders
agreeableness
research suggests that those with dependent personality disorder have an extremely high level of
biopsychosocial
researchers and clinicians in sleep medicine typically take a _________ approach to understanding and treating sleep disorders
avoidant personality disorder
researchers believe that _____ is a more severe form of social anxiety disorder
85%
researchers found what percentage of people diagnosed with borderline personality disorder free of symptoms after 10 years
social anxiety
researchers have come to believe that ____ ______ disorder is a less severe form of avoidant personality disorder
FALSE
researchers have identified a specific gene that is responsible for the development of alcohol-related disorders
depressants
sedatives, hypnotics, and anxiolytics all act as central nervous system ____
physiological tests ; behavioraly
sleep-wake disorders are best assessed through _______ , and best treated ________
SMARTBOOK CHAPTER 13
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psychological
somatic symptom disorders are _______ in nature because the do not necessarily have a diagnosed medical condition to explain their symptoms
cognitive
symptoms of ____ disorders, which have a physiological basis, might include hallucinations and delusions, personality changes, and changes in mood.
-hurting animals -bullying people -destroying property -lying and stealing
symptoms of conduct disorders include
as a screening tool for alzheimer's disease
the MMSE is used primarily
type A
the ___ _____ behavior pattern is a pattern of behaviors that include being hard-driving, competitive, inpatient, cynical, and hostile
cuss
the _____ is an example of a stressful life events scale
cognitive-behavioral
the __________ ________ view of conversion disorder views people with the disorder as subject to cognitive distortions that lead them to misinterpret normal bodily sensations
biopsychosocial
the ________________ model is a useful one for understanding substance dependence and approaches to treatment because it incorporates genetics, developmental issues, and sociocultural factors
-emotional -sociocultural -biological
the causes of eating disorders and impulse control disorders are often
ecstasy
the chemical named MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) is known on the street as _______
-cognitive factors -prior learning
the contemporary psychodynamic approach to OCPD adds what focus to the Freudian concepts?
-denial of a diagnosis -depression -dangerous health-related behaviors
the diagnostic category called "psychological factors affecting other medical conditions includes conditions in which a client's physical illness is adversely affected by
hardiness
the diagnostic category called :psychological factors affecting medical other conditions" include all of the following EXCEPT
dissociative identity disorder
the disorders in which it appears that the individual has developed more than one personality with its associated sense of self it
experiences a change in a bodily function not due to an underlying medical condition
the essential feature of conversion disorder (functional neurological symptom disorder) is that the individual
post-traumatic
the events that cause acute stress disorder may lead to a disorder known as ___ ____ stress disorder
sleep medicine
the field of ____ ______ focuses on the science of sleep and treatment of sleep-wake
-to assist in determining giftedness -to assist in diagnosing learning disabilities -to assist in determining intellectual disabilities
the following describes the uses of intelligence tests :
50
the genetic theory of alzheimer's disease is believed to account for at most _____ percent of cases
less than 1 percent a year
the incidence rate of new cases of Alzheimer's disease is ___ in those ages 60 to 65
break the client's negative cycle of avoidance
the main goal of therapists working in the cognitive-behavioral framework with someone with a diagnosis of avoidant personality disorder is to
SSRIs
the medications that most clinicians are most likely to use in treating conversion disorder are
stressful life event rating scales
the most common way to describe stressors is through
infection
the most frequent causes of delirium in a study of nearly 1.3 million patients were
is an underlying defect in the genetic programming of neural activity
the most probably theory of the causes of alzheimer's is that there
cognitive-behavioral therapy
the most promising approach to treating illness anxiety involves
rape
the most stressful event in the CUSS is
alzheimers disease
the neurocognitive disorder associated with progressive, gradual declines in memory, learning, and at least one other cognitive domain is known as neurocognitive due to
agoraphobia
the person with ______ feels intense fear triggered by real or anticipated exposure to situations such as using public transportation, being in an enclosed space such as a theater or an open space such as a parking lot, and being outside the home alone.
cluster A
the personality disorder categories of paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal fall into which cluster of the DSM-5
Cluster B personality disorder
the personality disorders which focus on behaviors which are dramatic, emotional, or erratic are
maladaptive assumptions
the primary aim of psychological treatment of eating disorders involves identifying and changing individuals ______ _______ of their body shape and weight
intermittent explosive
the primary feature of _____ ______ disorder is that people cannot control their urges to express feelings and violent behavior
nicotene
the psychoactive ingredient in cigarettes is ___
information processing
the psychological perspective suggests that an individual with PTSD has a biased ___ ______ style
diathesis stress
the sociocultural model that connects genetic predisposition to environmental stressors is called the ____ model
delirium
the symptoms of _____ include a temporary loss of awareness and the inability to focus, maintain, or shift attention. The symptoms typically appear abruptly and fluctuate over the course of the time that the person has the disorder
TRUE
the symptoms of those diagnosed with borderline personality disorder improve over time
traumatic brain
the term ____ _________ injury refers to a situation in which there has been an alteration or loss of consciousness or post traumatic amnesia because of an injury to the head
parasuicide
the term _____ describes suicidal gestures that are frequently made by a person with a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder
potentiation
the term _____ describes the effect that occurs when alcohol is combined with other drugs and the effects of the drugs taken together are greater than the effect of either substance taken alone
splittng
the term _____ is used in the psychological profession to describe the way that people with a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder relate to others. This means that their preoccupation with feelings of love for the object of their desire and attention can easily turn to extreme rage and hatred when the love object rejects them
amyloid
the term ______ is a generic name for protein fragments that collect together in a specific way to form insoluble deposits (deposits that do not dissolve)
suicidal gestures
the term parasuicide describes
integrate the separate parts of self, memory, and time within a persons consciousness
the treatment goal for dissociative disorders is to
amphetamine
the type of drug that might be in a diet pill in which nervous system activity is increased is most likely an
stress
the unpleasant emotional reactions people have when they perceive an event to be threatening are called
5 percent of men and 6 percent of women
the world health organization (2001) found a prevalence rate of alzheimers disease worldwide of
FALSE
there are a number of biological treatments for alzheimer's disease that have lasting effects
TRUE
there is considerable research that supports the importance of genetics in the development of serious substance problems
vulnerable narcissism
those people with ____ have an internally weak sense of self and can become dependent when they feel someone is humiliating or betraying them
hairballs
those people with trichotillomania who eat their hair can develop
6
to be diagnosed as a psychological disorder, agoraphobia must cause extreme discomfort and persist over at least ___ months
pyromania
to be diagnosed with _______ the individual must not set fires for monetary reasons or have other medical and or physical issues
on a repeated bias
to be diagnosed with a panic disorder, panic attacks have to occur ___ ___ ______ ____ and be accompanied by fear of having another
TRUE
to be diagnosed with a trauma and stressor-related disorder, a traumatic even must have acted as a precipitant
for at least 6 months
to be diagnosed with specific phobia, it must be present
anxiolytics
treat anxiety
-relaxation training -cognitive restructuring -imaginal exposure and response prevention
treatment for pyromania includes which of the following
hair pulling
trichotillomania is also called ____ ______ disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder = a disorder in which there are obsessive thoughts and then compulsive behavior obsessive-compulsive personality disorder = a disorder that involves rigidity and perfectionism
two diagnoses that people often find confusing are obsessive-compulsive disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. match them
behavioral medicine
tyler has premature cardiovascular disease that his cardiologist believes is partly cause and maintained by his type A personality. The cardiologist has referred Tyler to a psychologist to improve with his coping with stress
a lack of inhibition
typically individuals with disruptive, impulse control, and conduct disorders exhibit
imaginal flooding
virtually exposing a client to the feared situation is considered which of the following behavioral techniques?
-scalp bleeding -skin infections -carpal tunnel syndrome
what are some of the medical impairments that occur as a result of trichotillomania
-confronting problematic cognitions -changing problematic cognitions
what are specific cognitive behavioral therapy interventions used in treating dissociative identity disorder?
-reduce the frequency of the client's self-destructive acts -increase the client's ability to handle emotional stress
what are the goals of dialectical behavior therapy
anorexia nervosa creates lingering effects in the way people process food-related cues
what did recent fMRI study suggest about altered brain activity in people with anorexia nervosa?
marijuana
what is a mix of flowers, stems, and leaves from the hemp plant
an inability to regulate emotion
what is emotional dysregulation
19
what is the average age of the beginning of symptoms for kleptomania
the more people can inhibit automatic impulses, the less likely they are to drink excessive amounts
what is the basic idea behind dual-process theory
the inclusion of other forms of neurocognitive disorders in estimates
what is the leading cause of the overestimation of the incidence of Alzheimer's disease?
12.5%
what is the lifetime prevalence for specific phobias in the united states
4-7%
what is the percentage of people in the united states with intermittent explosive disorder?
cognitive-behavioral interventions
what types of therapeutic interventions have been most helpful in alleviating ALzheimer's patients' suffering
phobia
what's the term used to describe an irrational fear associated with a particular object or situation
only an autopsy can confirm the presence of this disorder
when a clinician assesses a client who might have alzheimers disease, the diagnosis can be only "probable" or "possible" because
independence
when an alzheimer's caregiver encourages the patient to relearn the necessary steps in brushing her teeth, the caregiver is trying to increase the patient's
Benzodiazapines
when clinicians do prescribe a medication for specific phobias, which might they choose?
phobia
when nick sees a spider, he comes paralyzed with fear. this is best described as a
acute stress disorder
when people are exposed to a trauma like the threat of death, actual or threatened serious injury, or sexual violation, they are at risk of developing ____ ____ ______
-encopresis -enuresis
which are elimination disorders
SSRIs
which are the only FDA-approved medications for the treatment of PTSD
hypersensitivity to shame
which best summarizes the cognitive-behavioral perspective on the causes of avoidant personality disorder
it depends on the situation
which coping system is the better one to use, problem focused or emotion focused
common among arsonists
which is not true about pyromania?
-little interest in food -sometimes avoid food because of texture, smell, and temperature -concerned with the aversive consequences of food
which is true about people with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorders?
-engages in binge eating at least twice a week for 6 months -may gain significant amount of weight -keeps eating past the point of feeling full
which is true of a person with binge-eating disorder?
-higher death rates are associated with many current medications -none have been shown to be effective for more than three years
which is true of current biological treatments for alzheimer's disease?
autopsy reports support a lower estimate than that reported in the popular press
which is true of the incidence of Alzheimer's disease
-experiences with eating -body image -sociocultural influences
which likely contributing factors to Eating Disorders
frontal
which lobe of the brain appears to be most involved in bipolar disorder
-it is a neurodegenerative disorder -it was first documented in 1907 -the original reported case was Auguste D
which of the following apply to neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer's disease
-its active ingredient is mescaline -it is used in Mexican religious ceremonies -its long term effects are unknown
which of the following apply to peyote
-memory loss -schizophrenia-like symptoms
which of the following are adverse effects of PCP?
-it is characterized by personality change -at autopsy, there is frontal and temporal cortex atrophy
which of the following are characteristics of frontotemporal neurocognitive disorder
-symptoms usually appear between the ages of 30 and 50 -it involves loss of motor control -it is the result of a genetic abnormality
which of the following are characteristics of huntington's disease
-neurofibrillary tangles -amyloid plaques
which of the following are components of biological theories of alzheimer's disease
-identifying the steps involved in getting dressed and then rewarding the patient each time they are completed -modeling skills that the patient could manage earlier but then relearns through imitation -using positive reinforcement for performing approved-of behaviors
which of the following are examples of behavioral strategies used by alzheimer's caregivers
-feelings of self-worth depend on perfection -there are unrealistic ideas of perfection -the ideal must be achieved
which of the following are features of a cognitive-behavioral approach to obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
-staying away from social encounters -feeling socially inferior -perceiving oneself as lacking social skills
which of the following are features of avoidant personality disorder
-passivity and agreeing with others -when alone feel despondent and abandoned -clinging behavior
which of the following are features of people with dependent personality disorder
-they are often flirtatious or seductive -they may behave theatrically -they like to be the center of attention
which of the following are features of people with diagnoses of histrionic personality disorders
-limited range of emotional expression -lack of sexual involvement
which of the following are features of schizoid personality disorder
-difficulty forming accurate perceptions and cognitions -unusual beliefs and experiences -restricted affect -eccentric ideas
which of the following are features of schizotypal personality disorder?
-using graduated exposure to social interaction -teaching clients to articulate the automatic thoughts and dysfunctional attitudes that interfere with establishing relationships
which of the following are features of the cognitive-behavioral approach to treating a person with a diagnosis of avoidant personality disorder
-treating asthma -reducing nausea in cancer patients -treating glaucoma
which of the following are medicinal uses of synthetic THC
-percocet -hydrocodone -oxycontin
which of the following are opioids
-it was once seen as a failure to progress beyond the early psychosexual stages -current psychodynamic theorists see it as a failure to form an integrated sense of self
which of the following are psychodynamic explanations of narcissistic personality disorder
-it may cause people to wrongly assume they have Alzheimer's -self-consciousness about memory loss can make it worse -wrongly assuming one has Alzheimer's may dissuade people from taking preventative steps
which of the following are reasons that the overestimation of Alzheimer's disease is detrimental to older people
-inability to focus, maintain, or shift attention -abrupt appearance of symptoms -temporary loss of awareness
which of the following are symptoms of delirium?
-muscle tension -irritability -restlessness
which of the following are symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder?
-central nervous system disorders -metabolic disorders -infections
which of the following are the most common causes of delirium?
-central nervous system disorders -metabolic disorders -infections -cardiovascular disease
which of the following are the most common causes of delirium?
-anxiousness -submissiveness -insecure attachment
which of the following are traits which have been shown to be associated with dependent personality disorder
-it is a hallucinogen -its popular street name is ecstasy
which of the following are true of MDMA
-it is associated with long term alcohol consumption -it is potentially reversible -it is the result of a thiamine deficiency -it involves delirium
which of the following are true of Wernicke's disease?
-it involves alterations in mood and movement -its symptoms are similar to alzheimer's disease
which of the following are true of neurocognitive disorder with Lewy bodies?
-extremely perfectionistic -has high standards for self and others -has difficulty understanding how others feel
which of the following are typical of a person with a diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
-committing crimes to support gambling habits -lying about financial losses -seeking financial bailouts
which of the following are unique features of gambling disorder
-it has hallucinogenic properties -it is derived from mushrooms
which of the following best describe psilocybin
it activates the sympathetic nervous system through increasing the production of adrenaline
which of the following best describes the actions of caffeine in the body
it blocks the action of an enzyme that normally breaks down acetaldehyde, a toxic product involved in ethanol metabolism
which of the following best describes the pharmacological effects of disulfiram
an activating effect on the nervous system
which of the following best describes the result of the category of drugs referred to as stimulants?
amyloid plaques
which of the following can develop 10 to 20 years before behavioral symptoms of alzheimer's appear
-chewing tobacco -pipe tobacco -cigarettes
which of the following contain nicotine
-euphoria -mental alertness
which of the following describe the effects of cocaine
-difficulty differentiating fantasy from reality -alterations in motor reflexes
which of the following describe the effects of psilocybin
withdrawl
which of the following describes physiological and psychological changes that a person goes through when they discontinue using a drug?
-shopping addiction -exercise addiction -sex addiction
which of the following did the DSM-5 authors consider but not include based on the current research
-anxiety disorder -nicotine dependence -mood disorder
which of the following disorders often coincide with gambling disorders
-a person may have a physical condition that certain stressors particularly affect -makes some people more vulnerable to psychological disorders
which of the following explains the role biology has in sematic symptom and dissociative disorders
-kleptomaniacs feel an urge and or craving prior to stealing -kleptomaniacs feel sense of gratification after they steal
which of the following explains why kleptomania fits into the impulse-control category?
-they have a strong sense of entitlement -they have a belief that they are exceptional -their self-esteem is based on views of other
which of the following features are typical of people diagnosed with narcissistic personality disorder
frontotemporal neurocognitive disorder
which of the following forms of neurocognitive disorder specifically involves the brain's frontal lobes and is characterized by personality changes such as apathy, lack of inhibition, obsessiveness, and loss of judgement
-regurgitating and rechewing food -using enemas -overusing saunas
which of the following harmful behaviors do some of the people with bulimia nervosa engage in ?
Parkinson's Disease
which of the following involves neuronal degeneration of the basal ganglia, the subcortical structures that control motor movements
binge-eating disorder
which of the following is a new disorder added to DSM-5
Pick's Disease
which of the following is a relatively rare progressive degenerative disease that affects the cerebral cortex's frontal and temporal lobes and is caused by the accumulation in neurons of unusual protein bodies
peyote
which of the following is a small, spineless cactus whose principal active ingredient is mescaline
opioid
which of the following is a substance that relieves pain
vascular neurocognitive disorder
which of the following is caused by a restriction of blood to the brain
it can be smoked or snorted
which of the following is correct in regard to phencyclidine
abnormal deposits of a protein called alpha-synuclein
which of the following is specific to neurocognitive disorder with Lewy bodies
marijuana
which of the following is the most commonly used illicit drug?
motor disturbances
which of the following is the most striking feature of Parkinson's disease
a first diagnosis of BPD in childhood or adolescence has the worse long-term consequences
which of the following is true
-they have a hard time throwing things away, even if items are garbage -believes all items have value of some sort -they sometimes allow their items to fill their entire house, until it is unlivable
which of the following is true about people with hoarding disorders?
-they feel relief, pleasure, or gratification after pulling out hair -they pull out their own hair in response to an increasing sense of tension or urge
which of the following is true about people with trichotillomania
men and women are equally diagnosed
which of the following is true in regard to gender differences in the diagnosis of borderline personality disorder
there is no infallible way to diagnose the disease in a living situation
which of the following is true in regard to the diagnosis of alzheimer's disease
people can develop acute stress disorders even by being exposed to traumatic events like the deaths of others
which of the following is true?
naltrexone
which of the following medications is designed to prevent relapse among those with alcohol use disorder
disulfiram
which of the following medications is used in aversion therapy in which a person experiences unpleasant physical reactions after consuming alcohol while taking the medication
biopsychosocial
which of the following models is most useful for understanding substance use disorder and approaches to treatment
Biopsychosocial
which of the following models offers the best perspective on what can be done to alleviate Alzheimer's patients' suffering
-children ages 0 to 4 -adults ages 75 and older -adolescents and young adults ages 15 to 24
which of the following populations have the greatest risk for TBI?
LSD
which of the following produces an altered sense of time and self, may result in synesthesia, and may involve terrifying feelings of panic, losing control, going insane, or dying
-avoidance of emotionally uncomfortable situations -lack of emotional regulation -inability to withstand distress
which of the following represent the psychological perspective of borderline personality disorder
-obesity -cigarette smoking -lack of exercise
which of the following seem to be important moderators of the genetic risk of alzheimer's?
-living in a harsh social environment -lower socioeconomic status
which of the following sociocultural factors play a role in causing stress-related disorders?
-they have higher rates of eating disorders -they have higher rates of mood and anxiety disorders
which of the following symptoms are more typical for women than for men diagnosed with borderline personality disorder
-changes in mood -changes in personality -hallucinations and delusions
which of the following symptoms might be the result of a neurocognitive disorder?
cognitive-behavioral therapy
which psychological treatment approach seems to be most useful approach to treating dissociative and somatic symptom disorder?
the discovery of early-onset familial alzheimer's disease
which supports the theory that an underlying genetic defect is responsible for alzheimer's disease
older adults
who seems to use coping strategies better
-higher blood pressure -higher levels of emotional arousal -more prone to engage in high risk behaviors (example: smoking)
why are individuals with type A behavior patterns at greater risk for developing heart disease or suffering heart attacks and strokes
research on the disorder is not fully developed
why is internet gaming disorder not a diagnosis in the DSM-5
positive psychology
within which area of psychology are uplifts especially important?
-focusing on venting emotions -mentally disengaging -alcohol and drugs
young adults tend to use which of the following coping strategies
compulsion
zack persistently thinks about cleaning out the refrigerator. When he acts on the thoughts and repeatedly cleans the refrigerator, this behavior is
