Abnormal Psychology Chapter 5

an expansive mood

A mood that involves unceasing, indiscriminate enthusiasm for interpersonal, sexual, or occupational interactions is called: A. hypermanic. B. a mixed episode. C. anhedonia. D. an expansive mood.

latin america

A person's culture and context can influence how the person experiences and expresses depressive symptoms. Those that use the term "nerves" are MOST likely to come from which part of the world? A. Middle East B. Latin America C. Canada D. Europe

electroconvulsive therapy

A procedure that sends electrical pulses into the brain to cause a controlled brain seizure, in an effort to reduce or eliminate the symptoms of certain psychological disorders, is called: A. electroconvulsive therapy. B. functional magnetic resonance. C. nuclear magnetic resonance. D. transcranial magnetic stimulation.

SSRI use

According to psychologists, what factor has contributed to the increase in suicide rates among youth? A. more accurate reporting of suicides B. earlier and easier access to alcohol, drugs, and firearms C. longer survival of premature babies D. SSRI use

secure

Adults with a(n) _____ attachment are LEAST likely to be vulnerable to depression. A. secure B. insecure C. anxious ambivalent D. ambivalent

glutamate

All of these neurotransmitters have been found to be involved in depression EXCEPT: A. serotonin. B. glutamate. C. dopamine. D. norepinephrine

equally common among males and females.

Bipolar I disorder is: A. more common in males than in females. B. more common in females than in males. C. equally common among males and females. D. more common in adolescent females than adolescent males.

more common in females than in males

Bipolar II disorder is: A. more common in males than in females. B. more common in females than in males. C. equally common among males and females. D. more common in adolescent males than adolescent females.

change an individual's problem behaviors, thoughts, and feelings.

Cognitive therapy aims to: A. identify problematic behaviors and change them. B. diminish or change thoughts alone. C. change an individual's problem behaviors, thoughts, and feelings. D. identify stressors and develop coping strategies to deal with them.

hypomanic

For the last 4 days, Kia has been unusually productive. She has finished five of the ten chapters in the book she is writing even though it usually takes her 1 or 2 months to complete just one chapter. During the past 4 days, however, Kia has felt that nothing can stop her; the ideas and words just keep coming. Kia is MOST likely experiencing a _____ episode. A. major depressive B. manic C. mixed D. hypomanic

rapid cycling

Having four or more episodes that meet the criteria for any type of mood episode within 1 year is called: A. dysthymia. B. rapid cycling. C. mania. D. bipolar.

learned helplessness

In _____, a person gives up trying to change or escape from a negative situation. A. depersonalization B. learned helplessness C. gentrification D. positive symptoms

70

In approximately _____ percent of cases, an MDE occurs after a significant life stressor, such as getting fired from a job or losing an important relationship. Such events are particularly likely to contribute to a first or second depressive episode. A. 40 B. 50 C. 70 D. 90

a mood stabilizer

People diagnosed with bipolar disorder usually take: A. SSRIs. B. a mood stabilizer. C. tricyclic antidepressants. D. MAOIs.

the blues

People who are sad or blue and have fewer than five symptoms listed in the DSM-5 for a major depressive episode are considered to be having: A. the blues. B. a major depressive episode. C. a major depressive disorder. D. vegetative signs of depression.

global; stable

People who consistently make _____ and _____ attributions for negative events are more likely to experience hopelessness depression. A. global; stable B. global; unstable C. specific; stable D. specific; unstable

tends to occur earlier than major depressive disorder

Persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia): A. often occurs with an anxiety disorder. B. occurs more often in girls than in boys. C. occurs later in life, usually in the mid-40s. D. tends to occur earlier than major depressive disorder.

bipolar disorder does not seem to be related to creativity.

Research examining the association between bipolar disorder and creativity has found that: A. manic episodes clearly enhance creativity. B. most creative people suffer from bipolar disorder. C. mental illness is highly related to creativity. D. bipolar disorder does not seem to be related to creativity.

those who first get depressed as teenagers are considered to be at a higher risk for developing depression in adulthood.

Research on depression during childhood has shown that: A. younger children who are depressed are highly likely to develop depression in adulthood. B. those who first get depressed as teenagers are considered to be at a higher risk for developing depression in adulthood. C. depression during adolescence does not seem to affect whether one will drop out of school. D. depression during childhood is very common.

the risk of developing depression is increasing for each age cohort.

Research on depression suggests that: A. the risk of developing depression is increasing for each age cohort. B. the older people are, the more likely they will develop some type of depressive disorder. C. teenagers are more likely to develop depression after puberty. D. elderly individuals are the most likely group to develop depression.

behavioral activation

Self-monitoring, scheduling daily activities that lead to pleasure or a sense of mastery, and identifying and decreasing avoidant behaviors are all part of: A. family systems therapy. B. behavioral activation. C. group therapy. D. interpersonal therapy.

cognitive-behavior therapy; medication

Studies have shown that a combination of _____ and _____ is more effective than medication alone. A. behavioral therapy; cognitive therapy B. cognitive-behavior therapy; medication C. group therapy; cognitive therapy D. behavior activation; interpersonal therapy

have a 4-24 percent risk of developing the disorder

Studies have shown that people who have a first-degree relative with a bipolar disorder: A. are 80 percent more likely to develop a mood disorder than those who do not have a relative with a mood disorder. B. do not usually develop a mood disorder. C. have a 4-24 percent risk of developing the disorder. D. will develop bipolar disorder.

have a 4-24 percent risk of developing the disorder.

Studies have shown that people who have a first-degree relative with a bipolar disorder: A. are 80 percent more likely to develop a mood disorder than those who do not have a relative with a mood disorder. B. do not usually develop a mood disorder. C. have a 4-24 percent risk of developing the disorder. D. will develop bipolar disorder.

they have unusually low activity in a part of the frontal lobe that has direct connections to the amygdala.

Studies of depressed people show that: A. they have unusually low activity in a part of the frontal lobe that has direct connections to the amygdala. B. their brains regulate emotion too well. C. the areas of the brain involved in attention and in controlling movements are underactive. D. their brains as a whole are sluggish.

an individual must have a manic or a mixed episode, while with bipolar II disorder, a person must alternate between hypomanic and major depressive episodes.

The difference between bipolar I disorder and bipolar II disorder is that with bipolar I disorder: A. an individual must have a manic or a major depressive episode, whereas with bipolar II disorder, a person must alternate between hypomanic and manic episodes. B. an individual must have a mixed episode, whereas with bipolar II disorder, a person must alternate between hypomanic and manic episodes. C. an individual must have a manic or a mixed episode, while with bipolar II disorder, a person must alternate between hypomanic and major depressive episodes. D. an individual must have a manic or a hypomanic episode, while with bipolar II disorder, a person must alternate between a mixed episode and major depressive episodes.

interpersonal

The form of treatment that is intended to improve the patient's skills in relationships so that the relationships become more satisfying is known as _____ therapy. A. cognitive B. cognitive-behavior C. interpersonal D. phenomenological

manic

The hallmark of a _____ episode is a discrete period of at least 1 week of abnormally euphoric feelings, intense irritability, or an expansive mood. A. major depressive B. manic C. mixed D. hypomanic

cyclothymic disorder

The main feature of _____ is a chronic, fluctuating mood disturbance with numerous periods of hypomanic symptoms and numerous periods of depressive symptoms that do not meet the criteria for a major depressive episode. A. cyclothymic disorder B. dysthymic disorder C. bipolar disorder D. major depressive episode not otherwise specified

cyclothymic disorder

The main feature of _____ is a chronic, fluctuating mood disturbance with numerous periods of hypomanic symptoms and numerous periods of depressive symptoms that do not meet the criteria for a major depressive episode. A. cyclothymic disorder B. dysthymic disorder C. bipolar disorder D. major depressive episode not otherwise specified

depression; impulsivity

The main risk factors for suicide are associated with _____ and _____. A. depression; impulsivity B. substance abuse; depression C. aggression; substance abuse D. depression; anxiety

suicidal ideation

Thinking about death or thinking about committing suicide is called: A. morbid thinking. B. invincibility fable. C. suicidal ideation. D. delusional thinking.

anxious-ambivalent

Those individuals who are characterized as having a(n) _____ attachment are MOST likely to experience episodes of depression. A. secure B. anxious-ambivalent C. avoidant D. disorganized

vegetative signs

Two psychomotor symptoms of depression, along with changes in appetite, weight, and sleep, are classified as: A. anhedonia. B. psychomotor agitation. C. psychomotor retardation. D. vegetative signs.

internal

What type of attributional style do people with major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder tend to have? A. internal B. external C. global D. specific

All of the answers are correct

What type of factors does suicide prevention target? A. crisis intervention B. long-term prevention C. immediate safety D. All of the answers are correct.

comorbidity

When a person has both major depressive episode and anxiety disorder, he or she is considered to have: A. a major depressive disorder. B. comorbidity. C. cyclothymia. D. bipolar disorder.

make sure that the individual is safe

When a person is suicidal, the first aim of suicide prevention is to: A. help the person see past the hopelessness and rigidity that pervades his or her thinking. B. identify whatever stressors have brought the individual to the point of wanting to die and helping him or her develop coping strategies. C. make sure that the individual is safe. D. discover whether the person is depressed or abusing substances.

cognitive-behavior

When treating depression, _____ therapy with behavioral activation is often about as successful as using medication. A. behavioral B. cognitive C. cognitive-behavior D. interpersonal

ECT works by targeting the neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine.

Which statement about ECT is NOT true? A. ECT works by targeting the neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine. B. ECT is used when a patient's symptoms of depression are severe and the patient cannot take medication because of side effects or for other medical reasons. C. ECT for depression is typically administered two to three times a week over several weeks. D. Depressed patients who have not responded to antidepressants commonly relapse after receiving ECT.

A majority of patients who receive medication for depression stop taking the medication before it has had a chance to be maximally effective.

Which statement about antidepressants is true? A. It is easy for clinicians to predict which antidepressant will be the most effective with the least side effects for a given individual. B. Newer antidepressants that target serotonin and norepinephrine are considered to be the most effective at treating depression. C. Clinicians prefer to prescribe St. John's wort to treat depression because it is a natural treatment and has few side effects. D. A majority of patients who receive medication for depression stop taking the medication before it has had a chance to be maximally effective.

Bipolar II disorder typically has a more chronic, though less severe, course than bipolar I disorder.

Which statement about bipolar disorder is true? A. People who have bipolar II disorder are more likely to develop psychotic symptoms during a major depressive episode than are people with bipolar I disorder. B. Bipolar II disorder typically has a more chronic, though less severe, course than bipolar I disorder. C. Both men and women begin to have symptoms of bipolar I disorder after age 20. D. Approximately 60 percent of people with bipolar disorder also have an anxiety-related disorder.

rapid cycling is more common in men than in women

Which statement about rapid cycling is NOT true? A. Both types of bipolar disorder can include rapid cycling. B. Rapid cycling is more common in bipolar II disorder. C. Rapid cycling is associated with greater difficulty in finding an effective treatment. D. Rapid cycling is more common in men than in women.

Prevention programs should decrease risk factors and increase protective factors, which should lead to a reduction in suicide rates.

Which statement about suicide prevention is true? A. It is clear that medications, particularly antidepressants, are helpful in preventing suicide. B. Prevention programs should decrease risk factors and increase protective factors, which should lead to a reduction in suicide rates. C. Cognitive-behavior therapy has been found to be the best way to prevent suicide. D. Group therapy has been shown to be an effective way to reduce the rate of suicide.

Men are more likely than women to ruminate about a stressful situation.

Which statement is NOT an explanation of the gender difference found for the development of depression? A. Men are more likely than women to ruminate about a stressful situation. B. Women are more likely than men to report depressive symptoms. C. Female hormonal changes may contribute to the gender difference. D. Girls' socialization into female roles can lead them to experience more body dissatisfaction, which in turn can make them more vulnerable to automatic negative thoughts.

all of the answers are correct

With which social factor is depression associated? A. social exclusion B. stressful life events C. social interactions D. All of the answers are correct.

mood

____ disorders encompass prolonged and marked disturbances in mood that affect how people feel, what they believe and expect, how they think and talk, and how they interact with others. A. Anxiety B. Mood C. Psychotic D. Somatoform

Persistent depressive disorder

____ is characterized by depressed mood and two other depressive symptoms that last for at least 2 years and that do not recede for longer than 2 months at any time during that period. A. Major depressive episode B. Major depressive disorder C. Persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia) D. Cyclothymic disorder

hopelessness

_____ depression can arise from situations in which undesirable outcomes occur and the individual is helpless to change the situation. A. Chronic B. Atypical C. Hopelessness D. Situational

hopelessness

_____ has/have been found to be especially associated with suicide. A. Poor problem-solving skills B. Poor coping skills C. Rigid thinking D. Hopelessness

Anhedonia

_____ is a loss of pleasure. A. Hypomania B. Vegetative affect C. Psychomotor agitation D. Anhedonia

Lithium

_____ is a mood stabilizer. A. Lithium B. Paxil C.Prozac D. Valium

All of the answers are correct

_____ is a psychological factor that is thought to contribute to the development of depression. A. Cognitive distortion B. Rumination C. Internal attributional style D. All of the answers are correct.

cyclothymic disorder

_____ is/are a more chronic but less intense version of bipolar II disorder. A. Hypomanic episodes B. Dysthymia C. Major depressive episodes D. Cyclothymic disorder

SSRIs

_____ is/are the most popular antidepressants because they have the fewest side effects. A. SSRIs B. Tricyclic antidepressants C. MAOIs D. ECT

psychomotor retardation

_____ refer(s) to a slowing of motor functions indicated by slowed bodily movements and speech. A. Anhedonia B. Psychomotor agitation C. Psychomotor retardation D. Vegetative signs

psychomotor agitation

_____ refer(s) to an inability to sit still. A. Anhedonia B. Psychomotor agitation C. Psychomotor retardation D. Vegetative signs

chronic depression

_____ refer(s) to the pattern in which the symptoms meet the criteria for a major depressive episode continuously for more than two years. A. Melancholic features B. Atypical depression C. Catatonic features D. Chronic depression

SSRIs

_____ slow(s) the reuptake of serotonin from synapses. A. SSRIs B. Tricyclic antidepressants C. MAOIs D. ECT

family

_____ stress has been found to contribute to relapse in those who have had bipolar disorder. A. Family B. Job C. Financial D. Relational

interpersonal

_____ therapy has successfully reduced the occurrence of peripartum depression in pregnant women at high risk for the disorder. A. Interpersonal B. Cognitive-behavior C. Family dynamic D. Transcranial magnetic stimulation

transcranial magnetic stimulation

_____ uses sequences of short, strong magnetic pulses sent into the brain via a coil placed on the scalp. Each pulse lasts only 100-200 microseconds. A. Positron emission tomography B. Functional magnetic resonance C. Nuclear magnetic resonance D. Transcranial magnetic stimulation