Abnormal Psychology Midterm

Observer bias

A clinician's knowledge that a person about to be interviewed has already been diagnosed as having an anxiety disorder could lead to:

The researcher can make a fairly accurate prediction of days a person will miss for illness if the person's stress level is known

A correlational study of college employees shows a positive correlation between self-reported stress levels and days of work missed for illness, allowing the researcher to conclude that

Prescribing an antidepressant medication such as paroxetine

A patient has social anxiety disorder. Which is an example of a biological treatment for this condition?

Short-term psychodynamic therapy

A patient sees a therapist to help her address her eating disorder. The therapist focuses only on issues specifically related to this problem. This therapy is BEST described as:

Acute stress disorder

A pattern of anxiety, insomnia, depression, and flashbacks that begins shortly after a traumatic event and persists for less than a month is called

The number of aggressive responses; cornflakes

A researcher designed an experiment to study the causes of aggression in children. Half the children ate a sugared cereal; the other half ate cornflakes. The researcher then recorded the number of aggressive acts displayed by the children in a one hour play period after breakfast. In this experiment, _________ is the dependent variable and ___________ is the independent variable.

Psychodynamic

A therapist using free association and dream interpretation discovers that as a small child her client had been left alone by her mother on several occasions. The therapist concludes that the patient is experiencing unipolar depression. The therapist is MOST likely from which orientation?

The effectiveness of biological treatments cannot be objectively evaluated

A weakness of the biological model of abnormal behavior is that:

Factitious disorder

A woman complains of an assortment of physiological ailments. You think that she is intentionally producing the physical symptoms to appear sick, which fills some psychological need. If this is true, the appropriate diagnosis is:

Do nothing

According to Seligman's research, dogs that were initially exposed to inescapable electric shocks learned to __________ when given the opportunity to avoid subsequent escapable shocks.

Social support

After Caroline's plane crashed but she survived, her mother came to stay with her. Her friends visited often and went to lunch and dinner with Caroline occasionally. This situation probably contributed to Caroline's coping ability after the accident. How does this relate as a factor in her response to stress?

Teenager

Assume that a recent local suicide attempt was clearly a case of modeling. The person who would MOST likely model another's suicide would be a(n)

Modeling

Brooklyn learns to turn on the TV by watching her older brother turn it on. This form of learning is called

She is more susceptible to a stress disorder

Darla thinks she has bad luck. She repeatedly says, "Bad things just happen to me. It doesn't matter what I do. If it can go wrong, it will. And it always does." How does this thinking relate to the development of stress disorders?

Self-actualization (?)

Dontrall observed his parents' generous behavior throughout his childhood. As a result, he developed a positive and generous attitude toward the world. According to the behavioral model. Dontrall acquired this perspective through the process of

Reactive depression

Easton saw his best friend shot and killed by a gunman who was driving through his neighborhood. A month later, Easton is in a psychologist's office complaining that he cannot work; everything seems hopeless. He has several other symptoms consistent with these complaints. Based on these data, the diagnosis would MOST likely be:

Informed consent

For people to decide about participating in psychological research, they must be given full knowledge of the nature of the study of their rights. This principle is called:

Somatic symptom disorder

Gabe appeared at the clinic complaining of pain in his knee, shoulder, and abdomen; nausea and vomiting; blurred vision, and exhaustion. The patient history revealed that he had been going to clinics for years trying to get treatment for these complaints as well as a host of other physical symptoms. The diagnostic consensus was that Gabe suffered from:

Stressor

Having to walk the dog several times a day when it is raining is an example of

Exhibiting a typical reaction

If a person experienced anxiety or depression following a significant natural disaster, we would say that the person was

Psychodynamic therapy

If a therapist asked you to say whatever came to mind, then suggested interpretations designed to help you work through grief over real or imagined losses, your therapist would be using:

Biological

If people with unipolar depression were found to have lower levels of norepinephrine, such as finding would support which perspective?

An increase in the percentage of Hispanic Americans and African Americans who receive treatment for depression

If racial and ethnic disparities regarding access to treatment did not exist in the United States, then you would expect to observe which of the following?

Demonology model

In the Middle Ages, the model of mental illness that MOST people believed in was the

Type A personality style

People with ___________ interact with the world in a way that produces continual stress and often leads to coronary heart disease

Who are devout and see God as caring and helpful are the healthiest

Research on the relationship between religious beliefs and psychological health shows that people:

Gathering information about a suicide victim's past

Retrospective analysis involves:

Subject bias

Shaun wants to be a good participant. He knows that his professor is an environmentalist, so his answers on the survey reflect a pro-environmental position. This is an example of:

Sociocultural

Someone interested in the effects of social change, poverty, and race on the risk for generalized anxiety disorders probably supports the ___________ perspective.

Behavioral

Talking rapidly, dressing flamboyantly, and getting involved in dangerous activities are _________ symptoms of mania.

Anxiety disorders

The MOST common mental disorders in the United States are:

Cultural fairness

The MOST legitimate criticism of intelligence tests concerns their:

Humanistic-existential

The _________ model proposes that humans must have an accurate self-awareness and live meaningful lives to be psychologically well adjusted

Psychodynamic

The _____________ theoretical perspective suggests that suicide is caused by the loss of loved ones and self-directed aggression

Immune system

The body's network of activities and cells that identify and destroy antigens and cancer cells is called the:

Has experienced family stress such as parental unemployment or abuse

The child at GREATEST risk for suicide is one who

Cognitive-behavioral clinician

The clinician who would be MOST likely to ask, "Do you believe you will always feel like this in all situations?" is a(n)

Modeling

The finding that many adolescents who attempt suicide know someone who has attempted suicide provides a case for which process in suicidal actions?

Natural

The form of experiment used MOST often to study the psychological effects of unusual or unpredictable events is:

Has become increasingly introverted and adopted an overall more pessimistic outlook

The individual MOST at risk of suicide is someone who

Correlation

The interdependence that exists between events or characteristics is described as:

coronary heart disease

The leading cause of death globally, resulting in 17 million deaths worldwide each year, is:

Sociocultural

The model of abnormality that examines the effects of society and culture is the ________ model.

"Better safe than sorry"

The most appropriate motto for someone with generalized anxiety disorder is:

Psychodynamic

The theoretical position that explains the origin of anxiety disorders as the overrun of defense mechanisms by neurotic or moral anxiety is the ___________ approach.

Roger's client centered therapy

The theory that states people develop generalized anxiety disorders because they failed to receive unconditional positive regard as children and evaluate themselves with conditions of worth is:

Rational-emotive therapy

The therapy for generalized anxiety disorder developed by Albert Ellis is called:

Drug therapy

The therapy found to be most effective for treating schizophrenia is:

Cognitive behavioral

Theory focused on the behaviors people exhibit and the thoughts they have is usually described as

Is still often vague and subjective

Using the four Ds to define abnormal behavior

Serious illness

Which is NOT an example of an immediate stressor

Psychodynamic (?)

Which model is MOST likely to predict that transference will occur during therapy?

Someone who goes on a hunger strike or protests social injustice

Which person would NOT be considered abnormal, despite the fact that the person's behavior is dysfunctional?

The degrees of a person's devoutness is a more important predictor of suicide than his or her specific religion

Which statement about the relationship between religion and suicide is MOST accurate?

Sociocultural

Which theoretical orientation would support the finding that Westerners experience more psychological symptoms of depression than do others around the world?

Cognitive-behavioral

Which theoretical orientation would support the finding that there is a significant relationship between positive life events and feelings of life satisfaction and happiness?

Cognitive-behavioral

With regard to assessing the effectiveness of the various models of abnormality, which model BEST lends itself to laboratory testing?

Norms

stated and unstated rules for proper conduct that a society establishes are referred to as