Abstract Reasoning
IF U SEE GREY /SPOTTED /STRIPED ,THINK OF COLOUR
what are the triggers for COLOUR
IF U SEE VERY FEW SHAPES , THINK OF NUMBER
what are the triggers for NUMBER
IF U SEE TRIANGLES /ARROWS ,THINK ORIENTATION.
what are the triggers for ORIENTATION
IF U SEE SIMILAR SHAPES ,THINK POSITION IF U SEE 9 SHAPES ,THINK POSITION.
what are the triggers for POSITION
IF U SEE CRESCENT MOON , CHECK FOR CURVED VS STRAIGHT
what are the triggers for SHAPE
IF U SEE BIG + SMALL SHAPES ,THINK SIZE
what are the triggers for SIZE
position,shading,number,sides,angles,line of symettry
What do you look for when there are blocks of random shapes
sides, right angles, number, position, straight v curved
What do you look for with letters and words
Arrows and directional shapes(triangles)
What do you look out for in a condition pattern
S hape P osition O rientation N umber C olour S ize
What does SPONCS stand for?
Each box may have a particular shape Each box may have a shape with a specific characteristic
Give two ways that they can test Shape patterns
Number,intersections,touching sides and angles
What do you look for when you see a collection of bizarre abstract and unlinked shapes
relative, object type
Colour of objects
Set A - Test shape must fit into all boxes in set A Set B - Test shape must fit into all boxes in set B Neither - Test shape doesn't fit into any box in Set A or B - Test shape only fits into some boxes in Set A or B - Test shape fits into both Set A and Set B
Definitions
each box has a certain colour each box has a certain number of colours each box has a particular shape coloured
Describe the main patterns in COLOUR
each box has a specific number of shapes/coloured shapes each box has odd/even number of shapes each number has specific number of features (intersections /regions/sides/right angles).
Describe the main patterns in NUMBER.
each box has an arrow/triangle pointing in specific direction arrows/triangles can always be pointing to a specific shape
Describe the main patterns in ORIENTATION.
each box can be split into sections (left ,right top) each box has certain shapes arranged relatively to each other. each box has rotated shapes. each box has shapes arranged by feature (biggest shape is in top right corner)
Describe the main patterns in POSITION.
each box can have a specific shape each box has specific characteristic to its shape : symmetrical vs asymmetrical curved vs straight concave vs convex right vs acute angles
Describe the main patterns in SHAPE
compare boxes 1 + 2 looking for change ,then look at 2, 3 so on... confirm sequence works for all boxes. eliminate answers that don't match if u have >1 answers left ,look for 2nd pattern
Describe the method to answer type 2 questions.
Focus on one pattern at a time, apply the rules to eliminate answers options, don't need to find all patterns
How do you approach (A is to B as X is to) questions
Focus on one pattern at a time, eliminate answers
How do you approach type 4 questions
isolate certain features
How do you solve type 2 questions
4
How many right angles does the letter "E" have
3
How many right angles does the letter "F" have
4
How many right angles does the letter "H" have
1
How many right angles does the letter "L" have
2
How many right angles does the letter "T" have
11
How many sides does a lightning bolt have?
12
How many sides does a plus sign have?
10
How many sides does a star have
7
How many sides does an arrow have?
Movement (is the shape moving clockwise/anti-clockwise) Number of sides and angles Rotations Non-linear patterns (sometimes you need to separate the pattern into 2 separate patterns)
Key Relationships of AR Type 2
Arrows by themselves tend to limit potential patterns to: - Number - Position - Direction - Touching sides - Number touching sides - Which sides are being touched - Always one or more sides - Opposite and adjacent sides
Impression: Arrows by themselves
When you see a large number of seemingly random blocks of shapes, think about: - Number - Position - Shading/Colour - Number of sides - Angles - Lines of symmetry (rare)
Impression: Blocks of random shapes
More complex the shapes the fewer potential patterns Common patterns - Number - Intersections - Touching sides - Angles/right angles
Impression: Complex Abstract Shapes
When faced with identical or near identical shapes in both sets always conside: - Position - Shading
Impression: Everything looks the same
Designed to mimic familiar everyday objects to 'trick' you into finding patterns in the meaning. Can include - Clocks - Words - Faces Treat as abstract shapes and use other impressions
Impression: Familiar Objects
Always treat them as shapes The most likely patterns include - Number of sides - Right angles - Position - Number - Straight vs curved letters CANNOT BE - Meaning of the words - Upper case vs lower case - Vowels vs constants
Impression: Letters and words
Introduces conditional questions - If X does this, then Y does that - Indicated by an arrow/directional shape - can be other 'pointy' shapes Common items to 'change' - Number - Position - Shading/colour - Type of shape - Size of shape
Impression: The same yet different, something's changing
Colours Arrows Alternative representations (if the shapes are completely different it may suggest it is something else) Rotations and translations
Key Relationships of AR Type 3
Is it the same in all shapes? Is it the same for one particular shape? Is there a relationship between two objects? Is the number of objects of one type linked to a feature of another object? If there are arrows concider the number and direction
Key point examples for the number of objects?
Is the number of intersections the same in all shapes? Do only certain objects (colour or shape) intersect? Do the objects only intersect in a certain way
Intersections
same, certain objects only, type (e.g. straight edges vs. curved edges), patterns formed
Intersections
Are all objects in the shape the same type? Are the sizes different? Is there an object that stands out in all shapes and so is the key object? Is there an object that consistently appears in each shape but with different colours the key object?
Key point examples for the type and size of the object
Are all the angles under or over 90 or 180 degrees? Are there a fixed numbers of right angles? Does the number of right angles match the number of other objects within the shape?
Number and Types of Angles
over/under 90/180 degrees, fixed, relative to other shapes
Number and type of angles
Do all objects have the same number? Are they all odd or even? Are all the sides a multiple of a number? Do the above relationships apply when taking all the shapes together? Eg all sides add up to ten Is the number of sides linked to another object?
Number of Sides
same, same per object type, relative relationship (e.g. W = B+1), feature linked (e.g. circles = no. right angles), no. arrow heads
Number of objects
same, different, multiples of 2/3, accumulative, relationship to another object
Number of sides
number, position,direction,touching sides,intersections
What do you look for with just arrows
same place, relative, same direction, different direction, inside others, arrow direction
Position and direction of objects
Crescent Moon
State which shape hints that the pattern is " Straight vs Curved edge"
Break the items in each box into individual components Focus on one component at a time As you assess each component, eliminate answer options
Strategy for Type 2 Questions
Focus on individual components Identify which components have changed and which remained static These components must also remain static in new test box Identify and apply the dynamic changes
Strategy for Type 3 Questions
Are some objects a symmetrical image or on a line of symmetry?
Symmetries
rotational, mirror
Symmetries
Give your self 30 seconds to find a pattern if you don't flag and guess all A, remember never leave anything blank, if you hav 30 seconds left click through the rest of the paper pressing A,
Timings
Change your perspective If you can't identify in 45 seconds, move on Always look for two patterns, especially if there is an odd/even distribution Impression Technique to narrow down what patterns to look for Remember the three special circumstances
Top Tips for Type 1 Questions
Move around! Some patterns are easier to see close up or further away Focus on both sets - patterns are linked After 45 seconds, you must move on otherwise you will lose time elsewhere
Troubleshooting
same size, different size, key object
Type and Size of objects
Position, Shading,number,sides,angles,lines of symmetry
What do you look for when seeing lots of different shapes in every box
Number, portion,shading,size
What do you look for when something is changing
-POSITION-is a shape always in 1 position, always next to a certain shape? diagonal/ right/left/parallel/adjacent hand side? REPETITION- shape repeated -INTERSECTION- how many ? -MATH (ADDING/ SUB COLOURED SHAPE, MULTIPLES ETC..) -EDGES: curved/ straight- does the box have 2 or more shapes curved, are curved shapes shaded -SIZE- is there always 1 bigger/small shape -Angles/AMOUNT - -RATIO T-TANGENT /TOUCHING I-INTERSECTIONS S- SYMMETRY
WHAT DOES PRIME ARTIST STAND FOR IN AR (Alternative to SPONCS)
triangle and arrows
What are conditional patters usually indicated by
Touching sides and intersections
What are the two unusual patterns that you always asses first
Symmetrical vs asymmetrical Curved vs straight Concave vs convex Right vs acute angle
What characteristics can be used for shape patterns
Number,positon,direction,size,shading
What do you look for in (A is to B as X is to) questions
number, intersection,touching sides, angles
What do you look for in complex abstract shapes
number, position, shading, size
What do you look for in conditional patterns
Number,postion,direction,size,shading
What do you look for in type 4 questions
position, shading
What do you look for when all the shapes look identical/near identical
Number,positions,direction,touching sides and intersection
What do you look for when all you have is arrows
Sides, right angles, number, position and straight/curved
What do you look for when faced with letter and words
Position,shading
What do you look for when faced with near identical shapes
If x changes, y must change
What is a conditional pattern
Colour
What is meant by the "C" in SPONCS
Number
What is meant by the "N" in SPONCS
Orientation
What is meant by the "O" in SPONCS
Position
What is meant by the "P" in SPONCS
Shape Size
What is meant by the "S" in SPONCS
1) Ignore the test boxes 2) Identify the simplest box in Set A and compare with either: • The simplest box in Set B • Another simple box in Set A 3) Identify the pattern in Set A and Set B by applying SPONCS 4) Confirm that the patterns work for every box in each set. 5) Answer the test questions
What is the Medic Mind Method for AR?
120
What is the interior angle of a hexagon
108
What is the interior angle of a pentagon
720
What is the sum of the interior angles of a hexagon
540
What is the sum of the interior angles of a pentagon
Presented with two set of shapes, must select which four options belong to which set
What is type 4 questions
under or over 90/180,fixed number of right angles- does it match the number within a shape
What must you consider when looking at angles
arrows dictating movement, increase in sides and what are they pointing at
What must you consider when looking at arrows-type 3
does colour influence counting of key features or types of objects always a colour
What must you consider when looking at colour of objects
shapes taken colour of another shape, colour roatated, linked to another feature
What must you consider when looking at colour-type 3
number of intersections the same, certain types intersecting or in a certain way(always on straight edge), intersections forming a pattern
What must you consider when looking at intersections
specific objects in the same place, point in the same direction, objects placed relative to eachother,object inside eachothers,certain coloured objects overlapping
What must you consider when looking at position and direction of objects
has shape changed rotation or orientation, do objects with certain colour or shapes move in the same way
What must you consider when looking at rotations
are shapes rotating on themselves or flipping
What must you consider when looking at rotations- type 2
clockwise, moving by the same distance or compounded distance, is distance dictated by sides, is position relative to another object
What must you consider when looking at the movement of objects -type 2
is it the same in all shapes or one type is the same, is there a relative relationship
What must you consider when looking at the number of objects
do all objects have the sam number of sides, even or odd, or is one object sides a multiple or another or linked in another way
What must you consider when looking at the number of sides
is it changing, is angles part of pattern
What must you consider when looking at the number of sides- type 2
are some objects rotational or line symmetry of others
What must you consider with symmetry
are the objects the same type or size, one object that stands out or consistenly appears but with diff colours
What must you consider with the type and size of the objects
not just the number of arrows but the number of arrow heads, what direction are arrows pointing
What must you considered with arrows
Curved Edged vs straight edged
What pattern you should check for when you see crescent moons in the boxes
shape is rotated between each box shape moves every time between a box number of intersections might change from each box shaded shape might change between each box
describe the common patterns in type 2 questions
