ACT PREP Earth/Space Science

Which of the following gives the correct chronological sequence of events that took place in the layered basin depicted in Figure 1?

Deposition of layers A, B, C, and D → intrusion of dike P → erosion → deposition of layers E and F

Which of the following statements is most likely true regarding the age of dike P?

Dike P is older than layers E and F but younger than layer D.

From the data given in Figure 1, which of the following statements is true?

Exoplanets at a distance of 1 AU are more massive than Earth.

Which of the following graphs correctly describes the relationship between the redshift of the galaxy and its distance from the Earth?

(one going up)

According to the data in Figure 1, what percent of the discovered exoplanets can be considered habitable?

0%

Which of the following statements is consistent with the data in Figure 1?

Large planets that orbit close to a star are easiest to detect.

The redshift of a newly discovered galaxy is z = 0.027. What would be its most likely approximate distance from the Earth?

385 Mly

Dike P was radiometrically dated. Its age was found to be 65 million years. Which of the following could be the ages of layers D and E?

Layer D: 70 million years Layer E: 30 million years

Which of the following layers is most likely to contain fossils of eukaryotic organisms?

Layer F

Which of the following statements could help to explain why Messier 101 has a lower apparent magnitude than UGC 5692?

Messier 101 contains more stars than UGC 5692.

How do the masses of the planets of the Solar System compare to the masses of the exoplanets shown in Figure 1?

On average, the masses of planets in the Solar System are less than the masses of the exoplanets.

Which of the following statements about eukaryotes and prokaryotes is most strongly suggested by the data shown in Figure 1?

Prokaryotes existed in the basin before eukarotes.

Which of the following statements is most consistent with the data provided in the passage?

Redshift is a more reliable factor than apparent magnitude to predict the distance of the galaxy.

How does the distance between the most massive planets of the Solar System and the Sun compare with the distance between the majority of identified exoplanets and their respective stars?

The distance between the massive planets of the Solar System and the Sun is greater than the distance between the majority of identified exoplanets and their respective stars.

Suppose that a galaxy with the same luminosity and size of UGC 5692 is located much farther away from the Earth. How will the redshift and apparent magnitude of this galaxy likely compare to UGC 5692?

The redshift of the galaxy will increase, and its apparent magnitude will be greater than UGC 5692.

A super-Earth is an exoplanet whose mass is between 1 and 10 times that of the Earth. Which of the following statements about discovered super-Earths is consistent with the data shown in Figure 1?

They are mostly closer to their stars than Earth is to the Sun.