acute vs chronic

Five chronic diseases that account for more than 2/3 of all deaths

—heart disease, cancer, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and diabetes—account for more than two-thirds of all deaths.

What does the Healthy People website/organization do?

- provides science-based, 10-year national objectives for improving the health of all Americans. They establish benchmarks and monitor progress overtime

20% of stroke survivors require __________ ______ within three months after onset and 15% to 30% are permanently ______.

-institutional care - permanently disabled

As many as ________ Americans are diagnosed with Parkinson's disease.

1 million

Chronic conditions Relate to (3)

1. age 2. adverse environmental factors (ie: excess sunlight) 3. detrimental lifestyle habits (ie: cigarette smoking)

Every year, about ___ million Americans suffer a heart attack.

1.5 million

______% of all Americans have suffered a heart attack at some point in their lives.

2.6%

Almost ___% of the population—61 million Americans—have some form of cardiovascular disease.

25%

Between 2000 and 2030, the number of Americans with one or more chronic conditions will increase by ___%

37%—46 million people.

____ million Americans are diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. That number has more than doubled since 1980. - 360,000 new cases of Alzheimer's disease are diagnosed every year—980 every day, 40 every hour.

4.5 million americans

88% of those who die from stroke are age ___ and older.

65 and older

The average age for a first heart attack is ____ years for men and ___ years for women.

65.8 for men 70.4 for women

- 20.8 million people—__% of the population—have diabetes. - 20.9% of the population age ___ and older—10.3 million people—have diabetes. - Approximately one in ___ people age 65 and older are affected by diabetes. - About 1.5 million new cases of diabetes were diagnosed in people age __ and older in 2005.

7% of the population -60 and older -~1/5 ppl over 65 - 20 and older

By 2020, ___ million people will have two or more chronic conditions.

81 million people

stroke is also called?

A CVA- cerebrovascular accident

Examples of chronic disease

ALS (Lou Gehrig's Disease Alzheimer's Disease and other Dementias Arthritis Asthma Cancer Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Cystic Fibrosis Diabetes Eating Disorders Obesity Osteoporosis

One Quarter of Individuals with Chronic Illness Also Have

Activity Limitations

Chronic condition Interventions

Aim to slow progression of the disorder and/or address the major symptoms that interfere with independent daily functioning. Maintaining negative symptoms Ie-- Person with Osteoporsosis Aquatic exercise program to slow the progression of bone loss

What is a stroke caused by and what does it effect?

Damage to the brain from interruption of its blood supply

Acute conditions, such as a first asthma attack, may lead to

a chronic syndrome if untreated.

Cancer society facts and figures

⁄ In 2016, an estimated 1,685,210 new cases of cancer will be diagnosed in the United States and 595,690 people will die from the disease. ⁄ Cancer is among the leading causes of death worldwide. In 2012, there were 14 million new cases and 8.2 million cancer-related deaths worldwide. ⁄ The number of new cancer cases will rise to 22 million within the next two decades.

More than 18 million new cases of ____ have been diagnosed in the United States since 1990.

cancer

By 2030, ___ of the U.S. population will have one or more chronic conditions.

half

People with Multiple Chronic Conditions are much more likely to be

hospitalized

Diabetes is the leading cause of (3)

kidney disease/failure, adult-onset blindness, & lower limb amputations. - It is also a significant cause of heart disease and stroke.

Chronic Disease is a?

long-lasting condition that can be controlled but not cured. Chronic illness affects the population worldwide

Alzheimer's disease advances at widely different rates and the length of the illness can vary from three to 20 years. The areas of the brain that control _____&______ skills are affected first. As the disease progresses, cells die in other areas of the brain, leaving the person eventually needing complete care.

memory and thinking skills

American men have approximately a __________ lifetime risk of developing cancer. American women have approximately a _________ lifetime risk.

men one-in-two women one-in-three

Chronic conditions tend to be?

progressive, worsening over time--increase in incidence as people age

Acute conditions are

severe and sudden in onset. This could describe anything from a broken bone to an asthma attack. A chronic condition, by contrast is a long-developing syndrome, such as osteoporosis or asthma. Note that osteoporosis, a chronic condition, may cause a broken bone, an acute condition. An acute asthma attack occurs in the midst of the chronic disease of asthma.

71.5% of 65-year-olds with coronary heart disease have ___ or more comorbidities and physical limitations—only 3.8% have none.

three or more comorbidities

Approximately three quarters of Alzheimer's patients are admitted to a nursing home within ___ years of diagnosis.

five years

Almost half of all people with Alzheimer's disease have ___ or more chronic conditions.

four or more

For those over 55, the incidence of stroke....?

more than doubles each decade.

Future Demographics on old age

o On January 1, 2011, the baby boomers began to celebrate their 65th birthdays, 10,000 people will turn 65 every day—this will continue for 20 years. o By 2030, the number of older Americans is projected to have more than doubled to over 70 million—representing nearly 20% of the population. o By 2045, the number of centenarians in the United States is projected to reach 757,000. o The 65 and older population is projected to increase to between 80 and 90 million by 2050, and the 85 and older population is projected to increase to close to 21 million.

Age over 65 are likely to have

one or more chronic conditions

Approximately half of all diabetes cases are in people over age ___

over 55

Diabetes is the ______ leading cause of death by disease in the United States and a leading cause of ______ _______ and stroke

sixth leading cause of death -heart disease and stroke

4.5 Million Americans are ______ ______

stroke survivors

Only 2.7% of 65-year-olds who have experienced a stroke are free of comorbidities and physical limitations—66.4% have three or more. A study of ischemic stroke survivors who were at least 65-years-old found that at six months post-stroke 50% had some one-sided paralysis, 30% were unable to walk without some assistance, 26% were dependent in activities of daily living, 19% had aphasia, 35% had symptoms of depression, and 26% were institutionalized in a nursing home.

wow

stats on todays older population

⁄ Every day, more than 6,000 Americans celebrate their 65th birthday. ⁄ In 2004, there were an estimated 60,800 centenarians (those age 100 and older) in the United States.

statistics about life expectancy

- During the twentieth century, life expectancy at birth increased from 48 to 74 years for men and from 51 to almost 80 years for women. - The average life expectancy of those who reach age 65 is close to 18 additional years, six years longer than it was in 1900.

For 3 decades, Healthy People has established benchmarks and monitored progress over time in order to..? (3)

- Encourage collaborations across communities and sectors. - Empower individuals toward making informed health decisions. - Measure the impact of prevention activities.

Healthy People 2020 aims to reach four overarching goals

1. Attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death. 2. Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups. 3. Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all. 4. Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages.

One out of every ____people—approximately 12.4% of the population—is an older person.

1/8

What is Parkinson's disease?

A disorder of the central nervous system that affects movement, often including tremors ⁄ As Parkinson's progresses, substantial disability—including the inability to maintain balance, walk, speak, and move—makes assisted living and nursing home care necessary. ⁄ An estimated 38% of Parkinson's patients suffer from falls; 13% fall more than once a week.

What is diabetes

A group of diseases that result in too much sugar in the blood, or high blood glucose

What is Alzheimer's Disease?

A progressive neurological disease that destroys memory and other important mental functions

Acute Conditions

Colds, flu, ear infections, throat infections, sinus infections, bronchitis, stomach flu, vaginitis, urinary tract infections, headache, back pain, injuries.

Prevalence and Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease

More than 71 million Americans have one or more types of cardiovascular disease. An estimated 27.4 million of them are age 65 and older. 65% of Americans will have some form of cardiovascular disease by retirement age. Approximately 66% of heart attack patients do not make a complete recovery.

Co-morbid or secondary conditions with chronic conditions

Not unusual to have more than one affliction A person with heart disease, high blood pressure and diabetes Heart disease = primary diagnosis High blood pressure and diabetes exacerbate the heart diseases and are referred to as comorbid or secondary conditions

Acute

Of abrupt onset, in reference to a disease. Acute often also connotes an illness that is of short duration, rapidly progressive, and in need of urgent care.

Chronic Disease- How is Age A Major Risk Factor?

Older adults are more likely to have multiple chronic conditions

What is the leading cause of disability in adults in the United States?

Stroke

Acute Illness

(1) Any illness that develops quickly, is intense or severe and lasts a relatively short period of time. (2) Any condition—e.g., infection, trauma, fracture—with a short (often less than 1 month) clinical course. Acute illnesses usually respond to therapy a return to a state of complete—pre-morbid—health is the norm.

Chronic Disease Prevalence and Incidence of Chronic Disease

- Chronic disease is the leading cause of death and disability among Americans and accounts for 70% of all deaths in the United States, which is 1.7 million each year. - Almost half of all Americans have a chronic condition.

ischemic stroke

a blood clot that blocks or plugs a blood vessel in the brain

- Diabetes was the cause of approximately 2.3 million hospital admissions, 14 million hospital days, and 70 million nursing home days in 1997. - in 2002, diabetes accounted for 44% of new cases of kidney failure

cool

⁄ Approximately 60% to 70% of diabetics have mild to severe forms of _________ _____ ______, causing impaired sensation or pain in the extremities, slowed digestion, carpal tunnel syndrome, and other nerve problems. Almost 30% of diabetics 40 years and older have impaired sensation in their feet. ⁄ Nearly 82,000 people with diabetes had lower-limb amputations in 2002.

nervous system damage

Parkinson's disease is the second most common __________ _____ in the United States, second only to Alzheimer's disease.

neuro-degenerative disease

Every_____ minutes a new Parkinson's case is diagnosed— 60,000 new cases every year.

nine minutes

hemorrhagic stroke

blood vessel that breaks and bleeds into the brain.