AD 227 Exam 2

Pieter Bruegel

A Dutch painter who enjoyed painting everyday scenes of life in the Netherlands. His most popular painting was "Netherlandish Proverbs" which portrays dozens of scenes acting out proverbs. Also known for "Hunters in the Snow" which is supposed to show a typical winter day in the Netherlands but there are mountains in the background when there are no mountains there.

Hans Holbein

A Flemish painter who eventually moved to Rome, and became the court painter for Henry VIII. He was known for his excellent drafting skills and for his almost photographic portraits. He is well known for his painting "The French Ambassadors".

Antoine Watteau

A French Rococo painter who painted "L'Indifferent" and "Pilgrimage to Cythera" which both were very light-hearted paintings with pastel colors and misty appearances .

Fra Andrea Pozzo

A Jesuit brother who painted "The Glorification of St. Ignatius" on the ceiling of St. Ignazio Church in Rome. Actually looks like you are looking up into Heaven because the architectural illusions and the perspective he painted in are extremely accurate. Portrays four continents (America, Africa, Asia and Europe)

Elisabeth Louise Vigree-Lebrun

A female painter who was well known for her portraits of Marie Antoinette. She was the first woman to be admitted to the French Painters Academy.

Michelangelo Merisi de Caravaggio

A former rebel who comes to Rome as a poor student where he became a famed artist, although he still fought frequently and was kicked out of Rome for killing a man. His painting style was revolutionary with realistic figures who looked like actual, non-glorified people and dark backgrounds where it was almost completely black. His famous paintings included "The Conversion of St. Paul" and "Entombment".

Frans Hals

A genre painter who was known for his paintings of groups or guilds. His portraits were far more dynamic and entertaining than past very stable, stagnant group portraits. Used strokes to define his detail, similar to Velazquez. Painted "Archers of Saint Hadrian" and "The Women Regents of the Old Men's Home at Haarlem".

Peter Paul Rubens

A middle class painter from Flanders who had many troubles with money. "The Elevation of the Cross" was made as the altarpiece for the Antwerp Cathedral and showed Jesus as majestic and not a man to be pitied for dying. He also did a series for Marie de'Medici so that the people would like her more, one of which was "The Arrival of Marie de'Medici at Marseilles" which showed her arriving at the port welcomed by many in regal garb. He also included naked ladies because Rubens loved to paint skin.

Joseph Wright of Derby

A painter of the Enlightenment who had a scientific theme to all of his paintings and also always had a central, mysterious source of light. "A Philosopher Giving a Lecture at the Orrery" shows young children at some sort of observatory.

Gianlorenzo Bernini

An artist who was an architect, sculptor, and a painter. He designed the St. Peter's Piazza and the baldacchino (canopy over where St. Peter is buried). He is most famous for his statues, one of which is "David" which is very different from all of the other Davids because it is much more full of action and movement than past thoughtful portrayals. Also did the Cornaro Chapel which is an instillation art, a combination of statues and architecture. Also did the Fountain of the Four Rivers which symbolizes that the Church is all around.

Judith Leyster

Another genre painter who many times had her name covered up by Hals by others so that it would sell for more.

Artemesia Gentileschi

First famous woman painter who made "Judith Slaying Holofernes" which was a brutal portrayal of a scene of women empowerment. Much gorier than previous paintings of the scene.

Grunewald

Made three layers of a painting (Isenehim Altarpiece) that was set up in a hospital where they cured ergotism which was a disease that came from fungus. This painting portrays dying which the patients at the hospital could relate to.

Diego Velazquez

Most famous Spanish painter of that time whose most famous painting was "Las Meninas" (The Maids of Honor). This scene shows the court with the young princess and her maids. Also it shows the dwarves who were kept at the court for entertainment, the royal couple in the mirror (the only painting of the two of them), and even has Velazquez himself in the picture, and he is painting something, although it is unsure what it is it could be "Las Meninas" or it could be the royal couple or something else entirely. Used loose strokes to suggest details.

Hieronymus Bosch

Painted "The Garden of Earthly Delights" which has three panels showing Eden, Earth and Hell. The meaning is unknown since the painting of Earth may have been meant to look like sinning but it appears that all of the people are having a good time and that they are doing good things.

Francois Boucher

Rococo painter who painted "Cupid a Captive" which had almost everyone naked with a light-hearted and erotic feeling.

Vermeer

Second most famous Dutch painter who was not well known during his own lifetime. Only produced around thirty paintings in his lifetime. He was a genre painter who painted indoor everyday scenes. "Woman Holding a Balance" portrays a woman holding a scale with a painting of the Last Judgement in the background. "Allegory of the Art of Painting" includes a real map on the wall painted with extreme detail and an artist, dressed in a costume from the 1400s, painting the goddess of history. It is speculated that he might have used a camera obscura to paint the picture.

Jaques-Louis David

The artist of the French Revolution who painted "The Death of Marat" which showed the tragic martyr-like scene of his friend Marat's (a leader of the revolution) dead body in the bathtub where his was killed. Also painted "The Oath of Horati" which showed the Neoclassiccal interest by portraying a classical Roman myth. After the war, Napoleon made him the court painter and he painted "The Coronation of Napoleon" and several of other portraits of Napoleon.

Lucas Cranach

The artist who was commissioned by the Protestants to do works of art that were solely for instructional purposes. The most famous of these is "Allegory of Law and Grace"

Rembrandt van Rijn

The most famous Dutch painter ever. Grew up in Leiden but moved to Amsterdam once he got older. Has around 3,000 paintings attributed to him, but many were actually paintings that his students did. Also did group portraits but he made them appear to be doing something, such as in "Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp", it is a portrait of the medical students and their professor, but it also has them actually learning and doing something they do instead of being huddled around a table. His most famous, "The Company of Captain Frans Banning Cocq" (more commonly known as "Night Watch") shows another group painting, but he has them preparing for an imaginary battle. He also loved to paint himself (over 70 self-portraits). Painted "Return of the Prodigal Son" which was a religious painting that showed the psychology and the true emotion behind the characters in the parable. Also did prints such as the "Hundred Guild Print" which was the highest price paid for one print (prints actual name was "Christ with the Sick Around Him, Receiving the Children")

Francesco Borromini

The rival of Bernini who was an inventive architect with a dark and depressive nature who made the facade of the "San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane" to fit in a small corner. The curvilinear and intricate structure is typical of the Baroque style

Albrecht Durer

Was considered the "Leonardo of the North". He often took trips to Italy to study Renaissance art and he became the first artist to synthesize Northern European stylistic features and blend them with Italian features. He painted numerous self-portraits over the course of his life. He was best known for his engravings, which gained him a lot of popularity and money. One of his most famous engravings was "The Fall of Man" which showed Adam and Eve in an extremely intricate forest scene. Also made the engraving "Melencolial" which showed a sad artist without inspiration.