Adaptive Quizzes for special diseases (i.e. Meningitis)

- mosquito.

The primary arthropod vector in North America that transmits encephalitis is the - tick. - horse. - mosquito. - flea.

- "Many people with developmental disabilities resulting from neurologic damage also have epilepsy." Many people who have developmental disabilities because of serious neurologic damage also have epilepsy. Epilepsy is not associated with intellectual level. It is not synonymous with intellectual disability or illness.

A client with newly diagnosed seizures asks about stigma associated with epilepsy. The nurse will respond with which of the following statements? - "In most people, epilepsy is usually synonymous with intellectual disability." - "For many people with epilepsy, the disorder is synonymous with mental illnes." - "Many people with developmental disabilities resulting from neurologic damage also have epilepsy." - "Cases of epilepsy are often associated intellectual level."

- Multiple sclerosis

Which is a chronic, degenerative, progressive disease of the central nervous system characterized by the occurrence of small patches of demyelination in the brain and spinal cord? - Parkinson disease - Huntington disease - Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease - Multiple sclerosis

- Initiate isolation precautions The signs and symptoms are consistent with bacterial meningitis. The nurse should protect self, other health care workers, and other clients against the spread of the bacteria. Clients should receive the prescribed antibiotics within 30 minutes of arrival, but the nurse can administer the antibiotics after applying the isolation precautions. The nurse can use a cooling blanket to help with the elevated temperature, but this should be done after applying isolation precautions. Prophylaxis antibiotic therapy should be given to people who were in close contact with the patient, but this is not the highest priority nursing intervention.

A client has been brought to the ED with altered LOC, high fever, and a purpura rash on the lower extremities. The family states the client was reporting neck stiffness earlier in the day. What action should the nurse do first? - Initiate isolation precautions. - Ensure the family receives prophylaxis antibiotic treatment. - Administer prescribed antibiotics. - Apply a cooling blanket.

- Bacteria Septic meningitis is caused by bacteria. In aseptic meningitis, the cause is viral or secondary to lymphoma, leukemia, or human immunodeficiency virus.

The nurse is caring for a client admitted with a diagnosis of septic meningitis. The nurse is aware that this infection is caused by which of the following? - Bacteria - Virus - Lymphoma - Leukemia

- Rapid, jerky, involuntary movements The most prominent clinical features of the disease are chorea (rapid, jerky, involuntary, purposeless movements), impaired voluntary movement, intellectual decline, and often personality changes (Aubeeluck & Wilson, 2008).

The nurse is caring for a patient with Huntington's disease in the long-term care facility. What does the nurse recognize as the most prominent symptom of the disease that the patient exhibits? - Rapid, jerky, involuntary movements - Slow, shuffling gait - Dysphagia and dysphonia - Dementia

- Respiratory Because of its possible rapid progression and neuromuscular respiratory failure, Guillain-Barre syndrome is a medical emergency. After baseline values are identified, assessment of changes in muscle strength and respiratory function alert the team to the physical and respiratory needs of the client

The nurse is performing an initial assessment on a client admitted to rule out Guillain-Barre syndrome. On which of the following areas will the nurse focus most heavily? - Respiratory - Gastrointestinal - Urinary - Skin

- "Have you experienced any viral infections in the last month?" An antecedent event (most often a viral infection) precipitates clinical presentation. The antecedent event usually occurs about 2 weeks before the symptoms begin. Ptosis is a common symptom associated with myasthenia gravis. Urination and development of allergies are not associated with Guillain-Barre.

The nurse is taking health history from a client admitted to rule out Guillain-Barre syndrome. An important question to ask related to the diagnosis is which of the following? - "Have you experienced any viral infections in the last month?" - "Have you experienced any ptosis in the last few weeks?" - "Have you had difficulty with urination in the last 6 weeks?" - "Have you developed any new allergies in the last year?"

- Apply an eye patch to the right eye. An eye patch to the affected eye would help the client with double vision see more clearly, thus promoting safety. Exercises for the eye would not benefit the client. Eye drops may be needed for dryness to prevent corneal abrasion but would not have any benefit for a client with double vision. Needed items should be placed on the unaffected (left) side.

Which nursing intervention is appropriate for a client with double vision in the right eye due to MS? - Apply an eye patch to the right eye. - Exercise the right eye twice a day. - Administer eye drops as needed. - Place needed items on the right side.

- "The paralysis caused by this disease is temporary." The nurse should inform the client that the paralysis that accompanies Guillain-Barré syndrome is only temporary. Return of motor function begins proximally and extends distally in the legs.

A client with Guillain-Barré syndrome has paralysis affecting the respiratory muscles and requires mechanical ventilation. When the client asks the nurse about the paralysis, how should the nurse respond? - "The paralysis caused by this disease is temporary." - "You'll be permanently paralyzed; however, you won't have any sensory loss." - "It must be hard to accept the permanency of your paralysis." - "You'll first regain use of your legs and then your arms."

- rest in an air-conditioned room. Fatigue is a common symptom in clients with MS. Lowering the body temperature by resting in an air-conditioned room may relieve fatigue; however, extreme cold should be avoided. A hot bath or shower can increase body temperature, producing fatigue. Muscle relaxants, ordered to reduce spasticity, can cause drowsiness and fatigue. Frequent rest periods and naps can relieve fatigue. Other measures to reduce fatigue in the client with MS include treating depression, using occupational therapy to learn energy-conservation techniques, and reducing spasticity.

A nurse is teaching a client with multiple sclerosis (MS). When teaching the client how to reduce fatigue, the nurse should tell the client to: - take a hot bath. - rest in an air-conditioned room. - increase the dose of muscle relaxants. - avoid naps during the day.

- High in protein and low in carbohydrate A dietary intervention, referred to as the ketogenic diet, may be helpful for control of seizures in some patients. This high-protein, low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet is most effective in children whose seizures have not been controlled with two antiseizure medications, but it is sometimes used for adults who have had poor seizure control

The nurse is educating a patient with a seizure disorder. What nutritional approach for seizure management would be beneficial for this patient? - Low in fat - Restricts protein to 10% of daily caloric intake - High in protein and low in carbohydrate - At least 50% carbohydrate

- Muscle weakness and hyporeflexia of the lower extremities Guillain-Barre syndrome typically begins with muscle weakness and diminished reflexes of the lower extremities.

The nurse is performing an initial nursing assessment on a client with possible Guillain-Barre syndrome. Which of the following findings would be most consistent with this diagnosis? - Muscle weakness and hyporeflexia of the lower extremities - Fever and cough - Hyporeflexia and skin rash - Ptosis and muscle weakness of upper extremities