ADHS EMT Chapter 8 Review Questions

A patient with high blood pressure would be expected to have skin that is: A. flushed and red. B. mottled and cool. C. pale and moist. D. cyanotic and dry

A

An adult patient who is NOT experiencing difficulty breathing will: A. be able to speak in complete sentences without unusual pauses. B. assume a position that will facilitate effective and easy breathing. C. exhibit an indentation above the clavicles and in between the ribs. D. have a respiratory rate that is between 20 and 24 breaths/min

A

An unstable patient should be reassessed at least every: A. 5 minutes. B. 10 minutes. C. 15 minutes. D. 20 minutes

A

As you assess the head of a patient with a suspected spinal injury, your partner should: A. maintain stabilization of the head. B. look in the ears for gross bleeding. C. prepare the immobilization equipment. D. assess the rest of the body for bleeding

A

Clinical signs of labored breathing include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. shallow chest movement. B. use of accessory muscles. C. supraclavicular retractions. D. gasping attempts to breathe

A

During a 30-minute transport of a stable patient, you should reassess him or her at least ________ times. A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 6

A

External bleeding from an extremity can usually be controlled by a combination of: A. direct pressure and elevation. B. direct pressure and a tourniquet. C. elevation and chemical ice packs. D. elevation and pressure point control

A

In responsive patients that are older than 1 year of age, you should palpate the pulse at the ________ artery. A. radial B. carotid C. brachial D. femoral

A

In the adult, bradycardia is defined as a pulse rate less than _______ beats/min, and tachycardia is defined as a heart rate greater than _______ beats/min. A. 60, 100 B. 50, 110 C. 40, 120 D. 30, 130

A

Normal skin color, temperature, and condition should be: A. pink, warm, and dry. B. pale, cool, and moist. C. pink, warm, and moist. D. flushed, cool, and dry

A

Pain that moves from its point of origin to another body location is said to be: A. radiating. B. referred. C. palliating. D. provoking.

A

The "Golden Period" begins when an injury occurs and ends when: A. the patient receives definitive care. B. the patient is admitted to the ICU. C. you depart the scene for the hospital. D. you arrive at the emergency department

A

The MOST effective way to determine whether your patient's problem is medical or traumatic in origin is to: A. perform a careful and thorough assessment. B. establish the patient's medical history early. C. take note of the patient's general appearance. D. ask if bystanders are familiar with the patient

A

What part of the patient assessment process focuses on obtaining additional information about the patient's chief complaint and any medical problems he or she may have? A. history taking B. general impression C. primary assessment D. secondary assessment

A

When approaching a 32-year-old male who is complaining of traumatic neck pain, you should: A. ensure that the patient can see you approaching him. B. approach him from behind and ask him not to move. C. stand behind him and immediately stabilize his head. D. assess his mental status by having him move his head

A

When assessing a patient's abdomen, you will typically evaluate for all of the following, EXCEPT: A. subcutaneous emphysema. B. open wounds or eviscerations. C. gross bleeding and tenderness. D. rigidity and obvious bleeding

A

When interviewing a patient, you can show him or her that you understand the situation by: A. repeating statements back to him or her. B. using medical terminology whenever possible. C. maintaining constant eye contact with him or her. D. interrupting him or her as needed for clarification.

A

When palpating the carotid pulse of a responsive older patient, you should: A. avoid compressing both carotid arteries simultaneously. B. ensure that his or her head is in a hyperextended position. C. avoid gentle pressure so that weak pulses can be detected. D. firmly compress the artery because the pulse is often weak

A

When you inspect a patient's pupils with a penlight, the pupils should normally react to the light by: A. constricting. B. enlarging. C. dilating. D. fluttering

A

Which of the following patients does NOT have an altered mental status? A. a patient with an acute allergic reaction and dizziness B. a diabetic who opens his eyes when you ask questions C. a patient with a head injury who is slow to answer questions D. a patient who overdosed and moans when he is touched

A

Which of the following questions is used to determine a patient's chief complaint? A. "What seems to be the matter?" B. "When did the chest pain begin?" C. "Are you having trouble breathing?" D. "Do you have a history of diabetes?"

A

Which of the following signs of respiratory distress is seen MOST commonly in pediatric patients? A. seesaw breathing B. rapid respirations C. pursed-lip breathing D. accessory muscle use

A

With regard to the assessment of a patient's cardiovascular status, capillary refill time is MOST reliable in: A. children who are younger than 6 years of age. B. patients who are significantly hypotensive. C. children who are older than 6 years of age. D. patients with decreased peripheral perfusion

A

You respond to the residence of a 62-year-old male who is unresponsive. Your primary assessment reveals that he is apneic and pulseless. You should: A. start CPR and attach the AED as soon as possible. B. ask the family if the patient has a terminal disease. C. perform CPR and transport the patient immediately. D. notify dispatch and request a paramedic ambulance.

A

A 39-year-old male sustained a stab wound to the groin during an altercation at a bar. As you approach the patient, you note that he is conscious, is screaming in pain, and is attempting to control the bleeding, which is bright red and spurting from his groin area. You should: A. ensure that his airway is patent. B. apply direct pressure to the wound. C. elevate his legs and keep him warm. D. administer 100% supplemental oxygen

B

A 40-year-old male crashed his motorcycle into a tree. He is semiconscious, has snoring respirations, and has a laceration to the forearm with minimal bleeding. You should: A. apply a cervical collar and suction his airway. B. open his airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver. C. apply a pressure dressing to the patient's arm. D. tilt the patient's head back and lift up on his chin

B

A 40-year-old male presents with pain to the right upper quadrant of his abdomen. He is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. During your assessment, you note that his skin and sclera are jaundiced. You should suspect: A. acute pancreatitis. B. liver dysfunction. C. gallbladder disease. D. renal insufficiency

B

A patient's short-term memory is MOST likely intact if he or she correctly answers questions regarding: A. time and place. B. date and event. C. event and person. D. person and place

B

After performing a primary assessment, a rapid scan of the body should be performed in order to: A. determine the need for spinal motion restriction precautions. B. identify less obvious injuries that require immediate treatment. C. look specifically for signs and symptoms of inadequate perfusion. D. find and treat injuries or conditions that do not pose a threat to life

B

An injured patient is assigned a total score of 9 on the GCS. He is assigned a score of 2 for eye opening, a score of 3 for verbal response, and a score of 4 for motor response. Which of the following clinical findings is consistent with his GCS score? A. opens eyes in response to voice, makes incomprehensible sounds, localizes pain B. opens eyes in response to pain, uses inappropriate words, withdraws from pain C. opens eyes spontaneously, is confused when spoken to, exhibits abnormal flexion D. eyes remain closed, makes incomprehensible sounds, exhibits abnormal extension

B

During the primary assessment, circulation is evaluated by assessing: A. skin quality, blood pressure, and capillary refill. B. pulse quality, external bleeding, and skin condition. C. blood pressure, pulse rate, and external bleeding. D. external bleeding, skin condition, and capillary refill

B

If you cannot palpate a pulse in an unresponsive patient, you should: A. attach an automated external defibrillator (AED) at once. B. immediately begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). C. palpate at another pulse site. D. assess for adequate breathing

B

In infants and small children, skin color should be assessed on the: A. forehead. B. palms and soles. C. chest and abdomen. D. underside of the arms

B

Observations made when forming a general impression of a patient would include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. appearance. B. pulse strength. C. race and gender. D. level of distress

B

Palliating factors regarding a patient's pain involve those that: A. worsen the pain. B. alleviate the pain. C. initiate the pain. D. change the pain.

B

Poor peripheral circulation will cause the skin to appear: A. pink. B. ashen. C. flushed. D. cyanotic

B

The full-body scan of a patient that occurs following the primary assessment should take no longer than: A. 30 seconds. B. 60 to 90 seconds. C. 90 to 120 seconds. D. 120 to 180 seconds

B

The normal respiratory rate for an adult should range from: A. 10 to 15 breaths per minute. B. 12 to 20 breaths per minute. C. 18 to 24 breaths per minute. D. 24 to 28 breaths per minute

B

Typical methods of assessing a patient's breathing include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. listening to breath sounds with a stethoscope. B. observing for nasal flaring during inhalation. C. observing the chest for adequate rise and fall. D. quickly scanning the chest for obvious movement

B

What maneuver should be used to open the airway of an unresponsive patient with suspected trauma? A. tongue-jaw lift B. jaw-thrust maneuver C. head tilt-chin lift D. head tilt-neck lift

B

When a patient's respirations are shallow: A. chest rise will be easily noticeable. B. tidal volume is markedly reduced. C. oxygenation occurs more efficiently. D. carbon dioxide elimination is increased

B

When assessing a 62-year-old female with crushing chest pain, you note that her pulse is rapid and irregular. In addition to administering oxygen, you should: A. apply a cardiac monitor and observe her cardiac rhythm. B. transport at once and consider requesting a paramedic unit. C. document your findings and perform a detailed assessment. D. conclude that the irregular pulse is normal based on her age

B

When is it MOST appropriate to consider requesting additional ambulances at an accident scene? A. after you have triaged all the critical patients B. when you determine there are multiple patients C. after noncritical patients have been identified D. when all the deceased patients are accounted for

B

When palpating a patient's pulse, you note that there is a short interval between pulsations. This indicates that the pulse is: A. slow. B. rapid. C. irregular. D. thready

B

When performing a full-body scan on a supine patient, what part of the body is typically assessed last? A. abdomen B. posterior C. extremities D. anterior chest

B

When you assess capillary refill time (CRT) in an infant, normal color to the tested area should return within: A. 1 second. B. 2 seconds. C. 3 seconds. D. 4 seconds

B

Which of the following abnormal breath sounds indicates obstruction of the upper airway? A. rales B. stridor C. crackles D. rhonchi

B

Which of the following actions would NOT be performed during the scene size-up? A. asking a neighbor to secure the patient's dog B. rapidly assessing a patient's respiratory status C. notifying the dispatcher to send fire personnel D. noting the position of a crashed motor vehicle

B

Which of the following factors would MOST likely cause a patient's pulse rate to be slower than normal? A. anxiety or severe stress B. beta-blocker medications C. internal bleeding from trauma D. lack of a regular exercise routine

B

Which of the following findings indicates that your patient has a patent airway? A. audible breathing B. forceful coughing C. inspiratory stridor D. unresponsiveness

B

Which of the following is an example of a symptom? A. cyanosis B. headache C. tachycardia D. hypertension

B

Which of the following is the MOST accurate guide to palpating a pulse? A. Avoid compressing the artery against a bone or solid structure. B. Place the tips of your index and long fingers over the pulse point. C. Use your thumb to increase the surface area that you are palpating. D. Apply firm pressure to the artery with your ring and little fingers.

B

Which of the following medical history questions would be of LEAST pertinence in an acute situation? A. "Does the pain stay in your chest?" B. "Does your mother have diabetes?" C. "Has this ever happened to you before?" D. "Are there medications that you cannot take?"

B

Which of the following situations or conditions warrants immediate transport? A. mild pain in the lower abdomen B. severe chest pain and cool, pale skin C. decreased ability to move an extremity D. responsiveness and ability to follow commands

B

Which of the following statements regarding the mechanism of injury (MOI) is correct? A. A nonsignificant MOI rules out the possibility of serious trauma. B. The MOI may allow you to predict the severity of a patient's injuries. C. The exact location of a patient's injuries can be determined by the MOI. D. A significant MOI always results in patient death or permanent disability

B

While en route to the scene of a shooting, the dispatcher advises you that the caller states that the perpetrator has fled the scene. You should: A. ask the dispatcher if he or she knows the location of the perpetrator. B. confirm this information with law enforcement personnel at the scene. C. request law enforcement personnel if the scene is unsafe upon arrival. D. proceed to the scene as usual but exercise extreme caution upon arrival

B

You should gently palpate a patient's pelvis only if: A. you note gross deformity to the pelvic area. B. the patient does not complain of pelvic pain. C. the MOI suggests pelvic trauma. D. the possibility of a pelvic fracture has been ruled out

B

A 29-year-old male with a head injury opens his eyes when you speak to him, is confused as to the time and date, and is able to move all of his extremities on command. His Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score is: A. 10. B. 12. C. 13. D. 14

C

A 50-year-old male is found unconscious in his car. There were no witnesses to the event. When gathering medical history information for this patient, the EMT should: A. wait for family members to arrive before asking any questions. B. defer SAMPLE history questions until you arrive at the hospital. C. determine if the patient has a medical alert bracelet or wallet card. D. ask law enforcement officials if they are familiar with the patient

C

A 50-year-old male presents with an altered mental status. His wife tells you that he had a "small stroke" 3 years ago but has otherwise been in good health. The patient is responsive but unable to follow commands. After administering oxygen, you should: A. repeat the primary assessment. B. inquire about his family history. C. prepare for immediate transport. D. perform a head-to-toe assessment

C

A palpable pulse is created by: A. the pressure of circulating blood against the walls of the arteries. B. the pressure that is caused when venous blood returns to the heart. C. pressure waves through the arteries caused by cardiac contraction. D. electrical conduction in the heart producing ventricular contraction

C

A patient with profuse sweating is referred to as being: A. flushed. B. plethoric. C. diaphoretic. D. edematous

C

A pulse with a consistent pattern is considered to be: A. weak. B. strong. C. regular. D. irregular

C

During your assessment of a 6-month-old male with vomiting and diarrhea, you note that his capillary refill time is approximately 4 seconds. From this information, you should conclude that his: A. respiratory status is adequate. B. systolic blood pressure is normal. C. peripheral circulation is decreased. D. skin temperature is abnormally cold

C

For an adult, the normal resting pulse should be between: A. 50 and 60 beats/min. B. 50 and 70 beats/min. C. 60 and 100 beats/min. D. 70 and 110 beats/min

C

If a patient develops difficulty breathing after your primary assessment, you should immediately: A. determine his or her respiratory rate. B. begin assisting his or her breathing. C. reevaluate his or her airway status. D. auscultate his or her breath sounds

C

The chief complaint is MOST accurately defined as the: A. most life-threatening condition that you discover. B. condition that exacerbates an underlying problem. C. most serious thing the patient is concerned about. D. gross physical signs that you detect on assessment

C

Treatment and transport priorities at the scene of a mass-casualty incident should be determined after: A. a physician arrives at the scene. B. the number of patients is known. C. all the patients have been triaged. D. area hospitals have been notified

C

When assessing the skin of an unconscious patient, you note that it has a bluish tint to it. This finding is called: A. pallor. B. flushing. C. cyanosis. D. mottling

C

Which of the following conditions would MOST likely cause the pupils to remain significantly constricted? A. severe cerebral hypoxia B. intracranial hemorrhaging C. overdose of an opiate drug D. oculomotor nerve pressure

C

Which of the following conditions would be LEAST likely to cause an altered level of consciousness? A. drug overdose B. inadequate perfusion C. acute anxiety D. poisoning

C

Which of the following is the MOST effective method of assessing the quality of air movement in the lungs? A. evaluating the patient's chest for cyanosis B. applying a pulse oximeter and monitoring the SpO2 C. auscultating breath sounds with a stethoscope D. looking for the presence of accessory muscle use

C

Which of the following questions would you ask a patient to ascertain the "M" in the SAMPLE history? A. "Have you ever had any major surgeries?" B. "How long have you had your chest pain?" C. "How much Tylenol do you take each day?" D. "When was the last time you ate a meal?"

C

Which of the following statements regarding stridor is MOST correct? A. It is a whistling sound heard in the lower airway. B. It is caused by incorrect airway positioning. C. It is a high-pitched, crowing upper airway sound. D. It suggests the presence of fluid in the lungs

C

You are dispatched to the county jail for an inmate who is "sick." When you arrive, you find the patient, a 33-year-old male, unresponsive. His airway is patent and his respirations are rapid and shallow. Your initial action should be to: A. apply a pulse oximeter. B. request a paramedic unit. C. provide assisted ventilation. D. assess his blood pressure

C

You should suspect that a patient is experiencing respiratory failure if he or she: A. is restless and is working hard to breathe. B. has an increased heart rate and retractions. C. has bradycardia and diminished muscle tone. D. is anxious, tachycardic, and leaning forward.

C

A 71-year-old female slipped on a rug and fell. She is conscious and alert and complains of severe pelvic pain. Her respirations are 22 breaths/min with adequate depth and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. Which of the following would NOT be appropriate for this patient? A. performing a full-body scan B. 100% supplemental oxygen C. treating her for possible shock D. gentle palpation of the pelvis

D

A patient who does not respond to your questions but moves or cries out when his or her trapezius muscle is pinched, is said to be: A. conscious and alert. B. completely unresponsive. C. responsive to verbal stimuli. D. responsive to painful stimuli

D

A patient with spontaneous respirations is breathing: A. at a normal rate. B. with shallow depth. C. without difficulty. D. without assistance

D

After performing a head tilt-chin lift maneuver to open the airway of an unresponsive patient who has a pulse, you should: A. place him or her in the recovery position. B. provide positive-pressure ventilatory assistance. C. assess respiratory rate, depth, and regularity. D. suction as needed and insert an airway adjunct

D

After the first 60 minutes of experiencing a significant injury: A. the patient's blood pressure elevates significantly. B. the patient's injuries will most likely be irreparable. C. most patients will die secondary to internal bleeding. D. the body's ability to compensate for shock decreases

D

An elderly patient has fallen and hit her head. You assess her level of consciousness as unresponsive using the AVPU scale. Your initial care should focus on: A. obtaining baseline vital signs. B. gathering medical history data. C. providing immediate transport. D. airway, breathing, and circulation

D

Cyanosis of the skin is caused by: A. increased blood oxygen. B. peripheral vasodilation. C. venous vasoconstriction. D. decreased blood oxygen

D

During an EMS call, you should take standard precautions: A. any time before you load the patient into the ambulance. B. after it has been determined that the patient is bleeding. C. immediately after completion of your primary assessment. D. upon exiting the ambulance, but before actual patient contact

D

In patients with deeply pigmented skin, changes in color may be apparent only in certain areas, such as the: A. back of the neck. B. forehead and face. C. dorsum of the hand. D. lips or oral mucosa

D

In which of the following situations is a pertinent negative identified? A. A 50-year-old woman states that nothing makes her chest pain better or worse. B. A 53-year-old man with dizziness also tells you that he has vomited three times. C. A 56-year-old woman states that her chest hurts every time she takes a deep breath. D. A 59-year-old man complains of crushing chest pain but denies shortness of breath.

D

Normal respiratory rates should not exceed _______ breaths per minute in children and _______ breaths per minute in infants. A. 18, 28 B. 20, 30 C. 24, 45 D. 30, 50

D

Palpating the carotid pulse is not recommended in infants because: A. the pulse rate is usually too fast to count. B. a decrease in cerebral perfusion may occur. C. the carotid artery is more anterior in infants. D. you may inadvertently compress the trachea

D

Supplemental oxygen via nonrebreathing mask should be administered to patients: A. who are semiconscious with shallow respirations. B. with rapid respirations and a reduced tidal volume. C. who have accessory muscle use and slow breathing. D. with difficulty breathing and adequate tidal volume

D

The goal of the primary assessment is to: A. determine if the patient's problem is medical or trauma. B. identify patients that require transport to a trauma center. C. determine the need to perform a head-to-toe assessment. D. identify and rapidly treat all life-threatening conditions

D

Upon arriving at a potentially unsafe scene, you should: A. remove all bystanders. B. request another ambulance. C. move the patient to safety. D. ensure that you are safe

D

Upon arriving at the scene of a patient with difficulty breathing, you determine that the scene is safe. You enter the residence and find the patient sitting in a chair in obvious distress. Your first action should be to: A. ask the patient what's wrong. B. obtain a set of baseline vital signs. C. assess the patient's airway status. D. introduce yourself to the patient

D

When palpating a patient's pulse, you note that it is grossly irregular. You should: A. count the pulse rate for at least 30 seconds to ensure accuracy. B. count the number of pulsations in 15 seconds and multiply by four. C. count the number of pulsations in 30 seconds and multiply by two. D. count the pulse rate for a full minute to obtain an accurate reading

D

When you shine a light into one pupil, the normal reaction of the other pupil should be to: A. dilate. B. not react. C. become larger. D. become smaller

D

Which of the following patient responses would establish the "E" in the SAMPLE history? A. "I was in the hospital a week ago." B. "I am not having any difficulty breathing." C. "The chest pain started about 45 minutes ago." D. "I was mowing the lawn when the pain began."

D

Which of the following pupillary changes would indicate depressed brain function? A. Both pupils dilate when a bright light is removed. B. Both pupils constrict when a bright light is introduced. C. Both pupils react briskly to light instead of sluggishly. D. Both pupils dilate with introduction of a bright light

D

Which of the following scenarios does NOT involve the presence of any symptoms? A. a 44-year-old male with abdominal pain and severe dizziness B. a 49-year-old female with blurred vision and ringing in the ears C. a 55-year-old male with a severe headache and 2 days of nausea D. a 61-year-old female who is unconscious with facial cyanosis

D

You are assessing a 72-year-old man with abdominal pain. The patient is sitting in a chair; he is conscious, alert, and calm. As you are talking to the patient, your partner discreetly directs your attention to a handgun, which is located on a nearby table. You should: A. immediately cease all patient care, carefully back out of the residence, and request law enforcement assistance. B. direct your partner to move the gun to a safe area and then advise the patient that his weapon has been secured. C. document the presence of the weapon, including its specific location, and continue your assessment of the patient. D. position yourself in between the patient and the gun and ask your partner to request law enforcement assistance.

D

You receive a call to a local daycare center for an unresponsive 8-month-old infant. Upon arrival, you perform an assessment and determine that the infant is not breathing. Your next action should be to: A. open the airway and give 2 rescue breaths. B. begin chest compressions and request backup. C. immediately transport the child to the hospital. D. assess for a brachial pulse for 5 to 10 seconds

D

You respond to a call for a female pedestrian who has been struck by a car. As your partner maintains manual stabilization of her head, you perform a primary assessment. She is unconscious, has ineffective breathing, and has bloody secretions in her mouth. You should: A. assist her breathing with a bag-mask device. B. quickly insert an oropharyngeal airway. C. assess the rate and quality of her pulse. D. immediately suction her oropharynx

D